Ubuzima
Ukurikije izina rya Ray Bradbury, abantu bose bazatekereza kubitabo bishimishije bishimishije. Ray Bradbury numwe mubanditsi beza ba siyanse, nyir'ibihembo byinshi byubuvanganzo, harimo muburyo bw'impimbano. Ariko, Bradbury ntabwo yitegereje umwanditsi wubiri wubumenyi.
Ray Douglas Bradbury Bradbury yavutse ku ya 22 Kanama 1920 muri Ukygan (Illinois, Amerika). Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, Leonard yanduye bradbury (1891-1957) - Kuva mu muryango w'Ubwongereza, kuva mu bimukira bwa mbere muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Twimukiye mu Bwongereza mu 1630. Muri Autobiography Hariho Umugani wumuryango: Nyirakuru Rei Mary Bradbury ni "umurozi wa Salem", wamanitse nyuma y'urubanza rwa 1692. Mama Reia - Marie Esther Moberg (1888-1966), Swede.
Usibye Ray, umuryango wigeze ukura undi muhungu, Leonard. Abandi babiri (Sam Sam na mushiki wabo Elizabeth) yapfuye akiri muto. Umuhungu hakiri kare yahuye nurupfu rwabo, rwasize ibimenyetso mubikorwa byubuvanganzo mugihe kizaza.
Mu muryango wa bradbury wakundaga ubuhanzi. Kwitabwaho byishyuwe kuri cinema igaragara.
Mugihe cy '"ihungabana bukomeye" mu mujyi muto, se ntiyashoboraga kubona akazi. Mu 1934, umuryango wa Bradbury wimukiye i Los Angeles, utura mu nzu ya nyirarume umuhungu. Yabayeho cyane. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, umusore yakoraga nkugurisha ikinyamakuru. Nta mafaranga yo gukomeza amasomo ye. Amashuri makuru Ray ntabwo yakiriye. Nk'uko umwanditsi avuga ko yasimbuye isomero muri kaminuza. Inshuro eshatu mu cyumweru, umusore wagenze inyuma y'ibitabo mu cyumba cyo gusoma. Muri icyo gihe, kuri 12, umuhungu yashakaga guhimba. Kugura igitabo na E. Berrowza "umurwanyi ukomeye wa Mars" Nta mafaranga yari afite, kandi umwanditsi ukiri muto yaje gukomeza iyo nkuru ubwe. Iyi niyo ntambwe yambere ya siyanse ya Bradbury.
Kurema
Umuhungu yahisemo kuba umwanditsi. Hanyuma, icyifuzo cyashinzwe nyuma yo kurangiza. Intambwe yambere yo guhanga ni ibyatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cyaho Umusizi waho "Kwibuka Villa Rogers" mu 1936. Ray yanditse inkuru nto, yigana uburyo bwa Edgaga. Henri cattler, umwanditsi wa siyanse y'Abanyamerika yanenzwe kandi umujyanama w'umwanditsi ukiri muto.
Ku myaka 17, Bradbury yabaye umwe mu bagize umuryango w'Abanyamerika w'abanditsi bato - Fel Angeles "shampiyona ya siyansi mirongo itatu". Inkuru zatangiye gusohoka mubikorwa bihendutse. Uburyo bwubuvanganzo bwagaragaye mu mirimo ya Bradbury. Kuva mu 1939, imyaka ibiri, ibyumba 4 by'ikinyamakuru cya Futasia cyasohotse. Mu 1942, umwanditsi yahinduye rwose ibitabo. Muri iki gihe, yanditse inkuru mirongo itanu mu mwaka.
Nubwo yinjiza amafaranga make, Bradbury ntiyasize guhanga. Mu 1947, urumuri rwabonye icyegeranyo cya mbere cyinkuru yumwanditsi "Karnivali yijimye". Icyegeranyo gikubiyemo akazi k'igihe cya 1943-1947. Bwa mbere, inyuguti zagaragaye: Uncle Anar (Prototype - Los Angeles Uncle Ray) n "" Umunyamahanga "wa Cessi. Icyegeranyo gikonje na rubanda.
Mu ci ryo mu 1949, Ray Bradbury yageze muri bisi yerekeza muri New York. Gutura muri icumbi ry'ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika b'abakristu bakiri bato. INKURU zateganijwe kubamamaji 12, ariko ntawe washimishijwe. Kubwamahirwe, don condon, umukozi wa Agent Bradbury, yasohotse dublday. Icyo gihe muri kiriya gihe cyateguraga icyegeranyo cyibihimbano bya siyanse. Bradbury yashishikajwe no kubatangaza Walter Bradbury (Umuryango umwe). Walter yemeye gutangaza Bradbury, yatanze ko inkuru zubusa zihuzwa mu gitabo.
Nijoro, Ray yerekanye isubiramo rusange ry'igitabo cy'ejo hazaza mu buryo bw'inyandiko kandi ikabitangariza umwamamaji - byari urunigi mu masomo ya mbere yerekeye Mars, yakusanyije mu kazi kamwe. Mu mateka ya The Martiniya, Bradbury atagaragara ko ahuba hagati yiterambere ryintwari zo mu gitabo cya Mars no Kugera kwabakoloni ku burengerazuba. Roman yatwikiriye yerekana amakosa no kudatungana kwabantu. Igitabo cyahinduye igitekerezo cyibihimbano bya siyanse. Bradbury yabonaga ko Amateka ya Malikisitani afite akazi keza.
Kumenyekanisha kwisi ya Ray Bradbury yagezeho hamwe no gusohoka mu 1953 igitabo "451 Fahrenheit". Igitabo cyari gishingiye ku nkuru ebyiri: "Firemen" (ntabwo yatangajwe) na "umunyamaguru". Igitabo cya mbere cyabaye cyasohotse mu bice byo mu kinyamakuru "Umukino", watangiye gukundwa.
Muri Epigraph, ibitabo bivuga ko dogere 451 Fahrenheit - ubushyuhe bwimpapuro. Umugambi w'Abaroma uvuga societe y'abaguzi. Umwanditsi yeretse societe yashinze indangagaciro z'umubiri mu gice. Ibitabo, bihatira umusomyi gutekereza, bigomba gutwikwa hamwe n'amazu ya banyiri ibitabo bibujijwe. Intwari nyamukuru yumuriro wubusa Guy Montag, ugira uruhare mu gutwika ibitabo, yizera ko bikora ikintu cyiza. Umusore ahura numukobwa wimyaka 17 Clarissa. Kumenya bihinduka imyumvire yumusore.
Umuroma yagenzuwe. Inzu yo gusohora "Ballantine" ku mashuri yisumbuye yatose kandi akuyemo ibice 70 uhereye ku gitabo. Mu 1980, umwanditsi yasabye gukora igitabo kidafite amagambo ahinnye.
Muri usssr, igitabo, nubwo ibitekerezo bibi mubitabo byingengabitekerezo, byasohotse mu 1956. Filime "dogere 451 Fahrenheit" mu 1966 zashyizwe ku muyobozi ukomoka mu Bufaransa Francois Treeffo. Mu 1984, "ikimenyetso cya Salamandra" cyasohotse ku mpamvu z'igitabo.
Mu 1957, yari igice kimwe igitabo kizima "divayi iva kuri dandelion". Iyi nkuru Bradbury ntabwo isa nibindi bikorwa. Muri yo, ibyabaye ku bana by'umwanditsi biragira ingaruka. Uyu mugambi uvuga ibibera mu mpeshyi yo mu 1928 abavandimwe Tom na Douglas bahindagurika, baba mu mujyi muto w'icyatsi. Ray ni prototype ya Douglas wimyaka 12.
Bradbury yashakaga gukora akazi gakomeye. Umwamamaji Walter Bradbury yashimangiye kuri iyo ngingo. Igice cya kabiri, cyitwa umwanditsi "Impeshyi, muraho!", Nabonye urumuri igice cyikinyejana cyo mu kinyejana, mu 2006.
Ikindi gitabo, guhuza Ray Bradbury hamwe n'ubwana, "mu mukungugu w'inyeshyamba." Iyi ni inkuru ivuga umuryango wa Elliot wa Elliot, aho ibiremwa bitangaje bitangaje biba munzu. Nyirarume Einar Einar "," Uncre EINAR "n'abandi. Gutanga ubupfumu bwa Nose (kwandika inkuru bikubiye mu gitabo, kwibuka neza Ray kuva mu bwana cyagize uruhare mu bwana. Hamwe n'umuhungu w'imyaka icumi, hamwe na murumuna we kuri Haweniye, agera kuri Tee ya Neuwe. Yakusanyije ibigori n'ibihaha. Nyirasenge yambaye umupfumu ahisha munsi y'imigezi mu nzu ya nyogokuruza kugira ngo iterabwoba ku mwijima w'abashyitsi. Ibiruhuko byanyuze mu gihuha. Umwanditsi yibuka ibintu bihenze cyane byayo.
Icyegeranyo "Ubuvuzi kuva Melancholy" bwasohotse mu 1960. Yasohoye inkuru zigihe cya 1948-1959. Inkuru: "Umunsi wo muri Medow" (1957), "Ikiyoka" (1955), "Ikaramu nziza ya Cream ice cream (1958)," Igihe cyo kugenda "(1956), Ati: "Ingano" (1959) n'abandi. Icyegeranyo cyahariwe psychologiya, imiterere ya kamere muntu.
Umwanditsi yanenze societe ya none ubuzima bwe bwose, urebye ko umuguzi. Bradbury yizeraga ko ku isi nta kwita ku bumenyi, iterambere ry'inganda zo mu kirere. Abantu bahagaritse kurota kubyerekeye inyenyeri, bashishikajwe gusa nibikoresho. Imirimo ya Bradbury yatakambiye ikiremwamuntu guhagarika imyifatire idafite ubugingo kuyojo hazaza. Urugero runini ni "kumwenyura", igikorwa kibera mugihe cya vuba. Abantu banduye, batwitse ibitabo byose. Imyidagaduro nyamukuru ni ugusenya kumugaragaro ibintu birokotse byubuhanzi. Kuri kare ni hitamo abashaka gucira amacandwe mu ishusho "Mona Lisa".
Inkuru yanze cyane ya Bradbury - "n'inkuba". Inkuru y'ibihimbano ya siyansi ishingiye ku "mbogamizi", ikunze kwitwa "ingaruka z'ikinyugunyugu". Iki ni umurimo wo kugereranya kamere ya Philic ku isi. Inkuru yinkuru ibeshya kumutima wa firime na TV yerekana ", inkuba", "ingaruka zikinyugunyugu", "hashize imyaka 100".
Guhangana numwanditsi bifitanye isano na sinema na theatre. Bradbury yanditse ibintu, icyamamare cyane muri zo "moby dick". Umwanditsi hamwe nurukurikirane rwa tereviziyo ruva muri "Ikinamico ya Ray Bradbury" cycle, yasohotse kuva 1985 kugeza 1992.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Inkunga itagereranywa kumugore wumwanditsi wa Novice. Umucuruzi wo mu gitabo cy'abitabo cya Margaret Muclure yabaye umugore wa Ray Bradbury ku ya 27 Nzeri 1947. Amafaranga yinjiza mu nkuru Ubwa mbere ntabwo yazanye amafaranga menshi, bityo agatangira ubuzima bwumuryango, nyir'ikinyabiziga ni umugore.
Ubukwe bwarishimye kandi bukaba bapfuye bazize urupfu rwa Maggie, nk'uko umwanditsi Laskovo yise umugore we yakundaga, mu 2003. Ni we wabaye umwanditsi weguriwe igitabo "Amateka ya Maririya", yandika ati: "Umugore wanjye Margaret afite urukundo ruvuye ku mutima."
Ray Bradbury n'uwo be bari bafite abana bane - Umukobwa Bettin, Ramon, Susan na Alegizandere.
Urupfu
Ray Bradbury yabayeho afite imyaka 91. Ubuzima bwari bukize mubihe bituje. Buri gitondo, ashaje, umwanditsi yatangiye kumeza. Yizeraga ko guhanga kwa kwe. Bibliografiya y'umwanditsi yazumijwe mbere y'urupfu. Igitabo giheruka cyasohotse mu 2006.
Bradbury yari afite urwenya rudasanzwe rwo gusetsa. Nuburyo kubibazo bijyanye n'imyaka ya Bradbury yarashubije:
"Tekereza imitwe y'ibinyamakuru byose byisi -" Bradbury yahindutse imyaka ijana! Nzahita mpa igihembo runaka: Gusa ku buryo ntapfuye. "Afite imyaka 79, umwanditsi yari afite ubwonko. Yabayeho ubuzima bwe bwose mu kagare k'abamugaye. Bradbury yapfuye ku ya 5 Kamena 2012 i Los Angeles. Inzu y'umuryango w'umwanditsi yashenywe mu 2015.
Gusuzuma guhanga no ibihembo
Ray Bradbury yakiriye Premium mu murima wa Fantastic "ikubiyemo" na "Benjamin Franklin". Igihembo cya Academ Academy, cyatowe muri "salle y'icyubahiro" Promey Promey (1984). Kubumenyi bwa siyansi, umudari wigihugu murwego yubuhanzi (2004) hamwe nizina "shobuja". Ray Bradbury - Kurangiza igihembo cya Pupirzer (2007) na Premium ya Bram Premium mu gihe cyo guhatirwa "ku buzima bwose."
Izina rya Ray Bradbury ni Asteroid. Lab Umwanya wa Nasa wahisemo gutanga izina ry'umwanditsi wa mbere, werekanye ubuzima kuri Mars Gutera Msl Amatsiko kuri iyi si itukura. Ati: "Ubumwe bw'inyenyeri z'inyenyeri" 15 Ukwakira 2015 yemeje ko harwa urubanza "Bradbury" kuri Mars.
Kuri Hollywood "alley wicyubahiro" hari inyenyeri ya Ray Bradbury.
Ibitabo
- "Amateka ya Malikiriya"
- "Dogere 451 Fahrenheit"
- "Divi muri Dandelion"
- "Ikibazo kirageze"
- "Urupfu ni ikintu cyonyine"
- "Irimbi ryasaze"
- "Igicucu kibisi, Ifi Yera"
- "Ahantu hacura ukina orchestre"
- "LegiyaFAN-99"