Ubuzima
Igishushanyo kizwi cyane kwisi yubumenyi karemano Albert Eintekemu (1879-1955) menya nibintu bidakunda abantu bafite ubushobozi budasanzwe.Einstein nuwashinze fiziki muburyo bwabwo bugezweho: Umuhanga ukomeye niwe washinze inyigisho yubuyobozi nuwanditse ibikorwa birenga magana atatu. Albert azwi kandi nkumuvuza numuntu kumuntu wubahwa mubaganga bagera kuri makumyabiri amashuri masumba amashuri yisumbuye kwisi. Uyu muntu akurura abadakira: Nubwo ibintu bimeze, nubwo ubwenge butangaje, ntabwo yashigikira gukemura ibibazo byo murugo, bikabigiramo ibitekerezo bishimishije mumaso yabaturage.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bw'umuhanga ukomeye butangirana n'umujyi muto wo mu Budage, uherereye ku ruzi rwa Danube - aha niho Albert yavutse ku muryango ukennye.
Se w'ishimwe rya Metique, Herman wagize uruhare rwa matelas ya fibre-padi-paber, ariko bidatinze umuryango wa Albert bimukiye mu mujyi wa Munich. Herman, hamwe na Yakobo, yafashe isosiyete nto igurisha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, byateye imbere bwa mbere neza, ariko bidatinze ntabwo byahagaze ku marushanwa y'ibigo bikomeye.
Uruhinja, Albert yabonaga ko ari hafi y'umwana, nk'urugero, ntabwo yavuganaga n'ubusaza bw'imyaka itatu. Ababyeyi bagize ubwoba ko chado yabo atazigera yiga kuvuga amagambo igihe Albert yakoraga igihe yarega ubwo yimuye iminwa, agerageza gusubiramo interuro zifata mu mutwe. Nanone, nyina w'umuhanga Paulina yatinyaga ko umwana yari afite umutwe w'incune: Umuhungu yari afite umutwe munini, anywa inzoga nyinshi, kandi nyirakuru Einstein yahoraga asubiramo ko umwuzukuru yari asanzwe asubiramo ko umwuzukuru yari asanzwe.
Albert yamenyesheje gato hamwe na bagenzi kandi akunda kwigunga cyane, kurugero, amazu yubatse amakarita. Kuva mu myaka muto, umuhanga mu by'umuhanga ukomeye yerekanye imyifatire mibi ku ntambara: yanga umukino w'umusasu mu basirikare, kuko agereranya intambara yamaraso. Imyifatire y'intambara ntabwo yahinduwe muri Einstein kandi mubuzima bwe bwose: yakuyeho intwaro zamaraso n'ikarito.
Kwibuka neza kwa sinubis ni compas ko Albert yakiriye kuri se mu myaka itanu. Hanyuma umuhungu ararwaye, Herumoni amwereka ikintu gishishikajwe n'umwana: Nyuma ya byose, biratangaje kubona umwambi ushakisha wagaragaje icyerekezo kimwe. Iki kintu gito cyafunguye inyungu zidasanzwe muri Einstein ukiri muto.
Uto Albert yakunze kwigisha nyirarume Yakobo, kuva mu bwana bwahitanye mwishywa kuri siyanse nyayo. Bose hamwe basoma ibitabo kuri geometrie n'imibare, no kwikemurira inshingano zabo kubuhanga bwibanze bwari bwibyishimo. Ariko, nyina wa Eintenin Paulina yafashe nabi amasomo nkaya kandi yizeraga ko kumwana wimyaka itanu, gukunda siyanse nyayo ntabwo byari gupfunyika muri ikintu cyiza. Ariko byaragaragaye ko uyu mugabo azavumbura cyane mugihe kizaza.
Bizwi kandi ko Albert kuva mu bwana bushishikajwe n'idini, yizeraga ko bidashoboka gutangira kwiga isanzure utasobanukiwe n'Imana. Umuhanga uzaza akoresheje umushyitsi yarebye abapadiri kandi ntibumva impamvu ibitekerezo byinshi bya Bibiliya bibuza intambara. Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 12, imyizerere ye y'idini yari yuzuye mu cyi kubera ubushakashatsi bwibitabo bya siyansi. Einstein yabaye icyemezo cy'uko Bibiliya ari gahunda yo gutera imbere cyane kugirango ikoreshwe urubyiruko.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri, Albert yinjiye muri Munich gymnasium. Abigisha bamubonaga ko ari mu mutwe kubera inenge imwe y'ijambo. Einstein yize gusa ibyo bintu byashimishijwe, birengagiza amateka, ibitabo n'Ikidage. Hamwe n'ikidage, yari afite ibibazo byihariye: mwarimu yavuze amaso ya Albert ko atazarangiza ishuri.
Einstein yangaga kujya mu kigo cy'uburezi kandi yizera ko abarimu ubwabo batazi byinshi, ariko baratsinda ubwabo ko byose byemewe. Kubera imanza nk'izo, umusore Albert yahoraga yishora hamwe na bo, bityo rero yari azwiho atari inyuma ye gusa, ariko kandi umunyeshuri utagira ingaruka.
Nta barangije imikino ngororamubiri, Albert n'umuryango w'imyaka 16 Albert n'umuryango wimukiye mu Butaliyani bwizuba, Milan. Mu byiringiro byo kwinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Zurich, abahanga ejo hazaza bava mu Butaliyani bajyanwa n'amaguru. Einstein yashoboye kwerekana ibisubizo byiza kuri siyansi nyayo ku kizamini, ariko ubumuntu Albert yananiwe rwose. Ariko Umuyobozi w'ishuri rya tekiniki yashimye ubushobozi buhebuje bw'umwangavu kandi agirwa inama yo kwinjira mu ishuri ry'Ubusuwisi AyaA, muri ubwo buryo, yabonaga kure y'ibyiza. Kandi Einstein muri iri shuri ntiwabonye ko na bose.
Abanyeshuri beza Araau basigaye guhabwa amashuri makuru mu murwa mukuru w'Ubudage, ariko i Berlin bahagaritse ubushobozi bw'aba barangije. Albert yize inyandiko z'imirimo amatungo yatanzwe atabyinyishije, akabifata umwanzuro. Nyuma yibyo, ibyahishuwe bizaza byaje kugera ku nama y'abaminisitiri ya Schneider, byerekana imirimo yakemuye. Albert yazamuye umutware w'ishuri, avuga ko akwiye guhitamo abanyeshuri amarushanwa.
Nyuma yo kurangiza kwiga, Albert yinjiye mu kigo cy'uburezi cy'inzozi ze - Ishuri Zurich. Icyakora, umubano na Porofeseri w'ishami Webber mu rubyiruko rukiri muto ni mubi: Firescs ebyiri zihora zihira kandi zivuga.
Tangira umwuga wa siyansi
Kubera ko batumvikanaga n'abarimu ku kigo cya Albert, bafunze inzira igana siyanse. Yatanze ibizamini neza, ariko ntabwo atunganye, umwarimu yanze umunyeshuri mu mwuga wa siyansi. Einstein yakoraga ashishikajwe na Minisiteri y'ubumenyi bw'ikigo cya Polytechnic, Webber yavuze ko umunyeshuri we afite ubwenge, ariko ntabona abanegura.
Ku myaka 22, Albert yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'umwarimu muri physics. Ariko kubera gutongana kimwe hamwe nabarimu, Einstein ntiyashoboye kubona akazi, kumara imyaka ibiri mugushakisha kwinjiza burundu. Albert yabayeho nabi kandi ntashobora no kugura ibiryo. Intiti Inshuti zafashaga kubona akazi ku biro by'ipatanti, aho yakoraga igihe gihagije.
Mu 1904, Albert yatangiye ubufatanye n'ikinyamakuru cya Annala Firrycs, abona ubutware mu gitabo, kandi mu 1905 umuhanga atangaza umurimo we wa siyansi. Ariko impinduramatwara mu isi ya siyanse yakoze ingingo eshatu za muganga ukomeye:
- Kuri electrodynamics yimibiri igenda itera kwimuka, yabaye ishingiro ryintangaruganda;
- Akazi kashyizeho intangiriro yicyitegererezo cya Quam;
- Ingingo ya siyansi, yavumbuye muri physics yumubare kumutwe wa brownian.
Igitekerezo cy'ubusa
Igitekerezo kijyanye na Einstein mu mizi yahindutse ibitekerezo byumubiri bya siyansi, byahozetswe ku bukanishi bwa Newtonian bwariho imyaka igera kuri magana abiri. Ariko inyigisho yo hagati, ikomoka kuri Albert Einstein, yashoboye gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibice gusa, bityo rero inyigisho idasanzwe yo kwigishwa mu bigo byuburezi, biri muri rusange. Ibiganiro ijana bijyanye no kwishingikiriza kumwanya nigihe uhereye kumuvuduko: umuvuduko wimikorere yumubiri, niko byagoretse ingano hamwe nigihe.
Dukurikije ijana, birashoboka gukora mugihe utsinze umuvuduko wumucyo, rero, ushingiye kubidashoboka: umuvuduko wikintu icyo aricyo cyose ntigishobora kurenza umuvuduko wurumuri. Kubijyanye n'umuvuduko muto, umwanya kandi umwanya ntabwo bigoreka, bityo amategeko ya kera yubukanishi akoreshwa hano, kandi umuvuduko mwinshi wagoreka ugaragara yitwa Olatiditissisation yitwa Olatiditissisable yitwa Olatiditissisable yitwa Olanite yitwa Olatiditissisation yitwa Olanite yitwa Olatiditissisation yitwa Olatiditissisation yitwa Olatiditissisation. Kandi iyi niyo gace gato gusa mubitekerezo byihariye kandi rusange byigitekerezo rusange cya Einstein.
Igihembo cya Nobel
Albert Einstein ntabwo yatowe mugihe cyitiriwe Nobel, iki gihembo kigera kumyaka 12 cyungutse uruhande rwumuhanga kubera ibishya bye kandi ntabwo byose bigaragara neza kubumenyi nyabwo. Icyakora, komite yahisemo kumvikana no gutora Albert ku murimo ku nyigisho y'ingaruka, aho umuhanga kandi atanga igihembo. Byose biterwa nuko iyi mpinduramatwara atari ihindagurika, bitandukanye na, aho, Albert, yarateguwe.
Icyakora, igihe telegaramu yaturutse muri komite ishinzwe nomiyani, nuko ahitamo gutanga ibihembo mu 1922 1921. Ariko, hariho ibihuha bivuga ko Albert ari kera cyane yurugendo yari azi ko yatowe. Ariko umuhanga yahisemo kutaguma muri Stockholm mugihe gikwiye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwabahanga bahangayika, Albert Einstein numuntu udasanzwe. Birazwi ko adakunda kwambara amasogisi, kandi yanga koza amenyo. Byongeye kandi, yari afite kwibuka nabi ibintu byoroshye, kurugero, kuri nimero za terefone.
Albert yashakanye na Milece Marich afite imyaka 26. Nubwo uyu mubano w'imyaka 11, bidatinze abashakanye bari bafite amacakubiri mu mibereho yo mu muryango, bakurikije ibihuha, bitewe nuko Albert yari akiri plate kandi afite irari rigera kuri icumi. Ariko, yasabye umugore we amasezerano kubyerekeye kubana neza, akurikije ibyo yagombaga kubahiriza ibintu bimwe na bimwe, kurugero, gusiba buri gihe ibintu. Ariko mu masezerano, Milem na Albert ntibatanze umubano w'uwo mukunda: abahoze bashakanye ndetse basinziriye ukwayo. Duhereye ku bukwe bwa mbere, ubuhanga bwari bwabyaye abana: umuhungu muto yapfuye, aba mu bitaro by'indwara zo mu mutwe, no ku mfura, umuhanga ntiyari afite umubano.
Nyuma yo gutandukana n'umuhanga wa Mileya yashakanye na Elsa Leventution, mubyara we. Ariko, na we yari ashimishijwe n'umukobwa w'inzozi, utariye ibyiyumvo byumugabo ufite imyaka 18.
Benshi bari bazi umuhanga wavuze ko yari umuntu mwiza udasanzwe, yari yiteguye kugaburira ukuboko gufasha no kumenya amakosa.
Impamvu y'urupfu no kwibuka
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1955, mu gihe cyo gutembera hagati ya Einstein n'inshuti ye, ikiganiro gitoroshe ku buzima n'urupfu, aho umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'imyaka 76 yavuze ko urupfu rutaruhuka.
Ku ya 13 Mata, uko albert yifashe nabi cyane: Abaganga basuzumye aneughysm, ariko umuhanga yanze gukora. Albert yashyize mu bitaro, aho yahise yuzura. Yangoreye amagambo mu rurimi rwe kavukire, ariko umuforomo ntiyashoboraga kubyumva. Umugore yegereye uburiri bw'umurwayi, ariko Einterain yamaze gupfa avuye i Herumohage mu nda yo mu nda ku ya 18 Mata 1955. Abari baziranye bose basubije nkumuntu witonda kandi mwiza cyane. Ibi byari igihombo gisharira ku isi yose ya siyansi.
Amagambo
Amagambo ya fiziki kuri filozofiya nubuzima nikintu cyo gutekereza ku buryo butandukanye. Einstein yahinduye ibintu bye kandi yigenga ndeba ubuzima bukurikije igisekuru kimwe.
- Hariho inzira ebyiri gusa zo kubaho. Iya mbere - nkaho ibitangaza bitabaho. Iya kabiri - nkaho hari ibitangaza bimwe.
- Niba ushaka gukora ubuzima bushimishije, ugomba kubaha intego, ntabwo ari kubantu cyangwa kubintu.
- Logique irashobora kukuyobora kuva kubintu a kuri ikintu b, kandi ibitekerezo - ahantu hose ...
- Niba inyigisho yo hagati yemejwe, Abadage bazavuga ko ndi Umudage, n'Abafaransa - ko mfite ubwenegihugu bw'isi; Ariko niba inyigisho zanjye zavuguruwe, Abafaransa bazamenyesha n'Umudage, n'Abadage ni Umuyahudi.
- Niba akajagari kumeza bisobanura akajagari mumutwe, none ameza yubusa asobanura iki?
- Indwara zo mu nyanja zintera abantu, ntabwo ari inyanja. Ariko mfite ubwoba, siyanse ntarabona imiti muri iki kigo.
- Uburezi ni ibisigaye nyuma yibintu byose byize mwishuri byibagiranye.
- Twese turi abanyabwenge. Ariko niba ucira imanza amafi afite ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka ku giti, azabaho ubuzima bwe bwose, atekereza ko ari umuswa.
- Gusa ikintu kimbuza kwiga ni uburezi bwahawe.
- Guharanira ntabwo ari ukugeraho, ahubwo kugirango umenye neza ko ubuzima bwawe burumvikana.