Ubuzima
Ibyerekeye ubuzima bwa Sergiyo wa Ratanezh, Hieromonari w'itorero ry'Uburusiya, imperuka ya Monass mu majyaruguru y'Uburusiya n'uwashinze ikigo cy'Ubutandara wera, birazwi. Ibyo tuzi ku "mukuru cyane" kuva mu maso yabatagatifu, byanditswe n'umunyeshuri we Monk Epichnia kubwenge.
Nyuma, Sergiyo Radonezh yahinduwe na Pahomi surb (ikirango). Kuva muri yo, abo mu gihe cyaturaga bashushanya amakuru ajyanye n'ingenzi ya biles ya biografiya y'umukozi w'itorero. Mu rwego rw'ubuzima bwe, Epiphany yashoboye kugeza ku basomyi ishingiro rya kamere ya mwarimu, ubukuru bwe n'imbabazi. Inzira yo ku isi ya Sergiyo irabasubiza ituma bishoboka kumva inkomoko y'icyubahiro cye. Inzira y'ubuzima ye irerekana aho isobanura neza uburyo ubuzima ubwo aribwo bwose ubuzima bwo kwizera Imana butsindwa byoroshye.
Ubwana
Itariki yo kuvuka kw'igihe kizaza rwose ntirizwi, amasoko amwe yitwa 1314, abandi - 1322 G, abandi gatatu bashishikajwe no ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1319. Umubatizo, umwana yakiriye izina rya INTAMBWE. Nk'uko umugani wa kera, ababyeyi ba Sergiyo bari bonar Kirill n'umugore we Maria, babaga mu mudugudu wa Varnazn, hafi ya Rostov.
Isambu yabo yari iherereye hafi yumujyi - ahantu Ubutatu bwa varnitsky monasiteri yagejejweho. Bartholomew yari ifite abandi bavandimwe babiri, yari impuzandengo. Ku myaka irindwi, umuhungu ahabwa kwiga. Bitandukanye nubwenge, byihuse gufata diploma yabavandimwe, kwiga ejo hazaza hatoroshye. Ariko igitangaza cyabaye: Inzira iteye ubwoba yari iyo kumenya impamyabumenyi.
Ibi birori bisobanura mu gitabo cye Epiphany. Bartholomew, ushaka kwiga gusoma no kwandika, igihe kirekire kandi usenga, usaba Uwiteka kumbumbuka. Amaze kuba umusaza muri Riza umukara, uwo umuhungu yavuze ku byago bye amusaba kumusenga asaba ubufasha ku Mana. Umusaza yasezeranyije ko guhera aha kirahari, ibimenyetso bizandika kandi usome kandi urenze abavandimwe babo.
Binjiye muri shapeli, aho intambara yo gusoma yangije zaburi bitaye cyane nta gukomanga. Bakira ababyeyi babo. Umusaza yavuze ko umuhungu wabo yaranzwe n'Imana mbere yo kubyara, igihe yageraga mu itorero kubera umurimo. Mugihe cyo kuririmba litururi, umwana, kuba mu nda, yatakaje inshuro eshatu. Kuri uyu mugambi w'ubuzima bwa pitter yera nigerov yera yanditse ishusho "Icyerekezo cy'icyitegererezo cya Bartholomew".
Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, Bartholomew yabaye ibitabo bihari byerekeranye nubuzima bwabatagatifu. Mugihe wiga Ibyanditswe Byera, inyungu zo mu itorero zagaragaye ku kiguzi. Kuva mu myaka cumi n'ibiri, Bartholomew yiyeguriye igihe kinini kandi ikagumaho umwanya ukomeye. Ku wa gatatu no ku wa gatanu, arashonje, iminsi isi yose irya imigati n'ibinyobwa amazi, asengera nijoro. Maria ahangayikishijwe n'imyitwarire y'Umwana. Ibi bihinduka ingingo yamakimbirane no kutumvikana hagati ya se na nyina.
Mu myaka ya 1328-13030, umuryango wahuye nibibazo bikomeye byumubiri, Heleras. Iyi niyo mpamvu Cyril na Maria hamwe nabana bimukiye muri Cridonezh - gutura mu nkengero zumuyobozi wa Moscou. Ntibyari byoroshye, bigoye. Mu Burusiya, Horde ya zahabu yategetse, ubwicamategeko bwakozwe. Abaturage batangajwe n'ibitero bisanzwe kandi bagashyirwaho n'umusoro udashobora. Mu rwego rwo kuyobora ibikomangoma byashyizweho na Tatar-Mongoliya Khans. Ibi byose byari impamvu yo kwimura umuryango kuva Rostov.
Monasticism
Mfite imyaka 12, Bartholomew ifata icyemezo cyo kwinjira mu modoka. Ababyeyi be ntibabangamiye, ariko bashyireho ibintu ko azashobora kuba umubikira gusa mugihe batazaba. Bartholomew niyo mpamvu zabo zonyine, nkuko abandi bavandimwe babayeho bitandukanye nabana babo nabagore. Bidatinze, ababyeyi barapfuye, bityo rero byari ngombwa gutegereza.
Ukurikije imigenzo y'ibihe mbere y'urupfu, bemeye guhagarara na Sicma. Bartholomew ijya muri Khotkovsky Monarity, aho murumuna we Sitefano aherereye. Yapfakaye kandi yemerwa kubafata imbere ya murumuna. Icyifuzo cy'ubuzima bw'abanyamina bukomeye cyayoboye abavandimwe ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Koncra mu gace ka Macoves, aho ubutayu bwashinzwe.
Mu batumva Bor, abavandimwe bubatse isele iva mu ibiti n'itorero rito, ku kibanza cathedrale ya thedrale yera irimo ubu. Umuvandimwe ntahangana n'ubuzima bw'imitutsi mu ishyamba no kwimukira kuri monasiteri ya Epififany. Bartholomews, wari ufite imyaka 23 gusa, afata umwanya, aba se Sergiyo kandi agumaho gutura munzira yo kwigunga byuzuye.
Igihe gito kirashize, Inka agera i Makovets, nyuma yimyaka, mywaga imyaka nabaye Ubutatu-Seriviye Lavra, ariho kandi soy. Igumen ya mbere yari umuntu wa Mitrofan, igumen - Padiri Sergiyo. Kwanga abana n'abigishwa ntabwo byakuyeho umuriro mu bizera, babaho imbuto z'akazi kabo. Abaturage bakuze hirya no hino, abahinzi batuye hirya no hino mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, imirima n'indabyo byaramenyeshejwe, uwahoze ari yataye ahindukirira igihugu.
Imbaraga n'icyubahiro by'abagizi ba nabi bizwi muri Tsa na Tsa na Tsa na Tsa na Tsa naga. Kuva kuri sekuruza wa Philof Kw'isi Yose, Sovie yoherejwe umusaraba, SCHIMA, parama na garama. Ku nama y'abakurambere mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, yatangijwe - Amasezerano yo kumenya abaturage, yemejwe na benshi mu Burusiya nabenegihugu benshi. Byari amatwi amanga, kuva icyo gihe, ibigo by'abihaye Imana babaga mu gitabo cy'akazi, nk'uko inyubako zari zifite ubuzima bwabo kuko bari bemerewe.
Cynovia yafashe uburinganire bwumutungo, amafunguro kuva kuri boiler imwe muri rusange, imyenda n'inkweto imwe, kumvira kwigimen n "" abasaza ". Ubu buryo bwo kubaho bwari urugero rwiza rwumubano mu bizera. Ubwago bwahindutse umuryango wigenga, abatuye muri bo bakora imirimo y'abahinzi ba proSatic, basengera agakiza k'ubugingo n'isi yose. Mu kwemera Amasezerano y "Ubuzima Busange" muri Makovts, muri Sergiyo yatangiye kumenyekanisha ivugurura ritanga ubuzima mu zindi mibana.
Sergey Raditonezh Monasteri
- Ubutatu bwa clagium;
- Kera-goolin hafi ya Kolomna mukarere ka Moscou;
- Vysotsky Monaswesy muri Serpukhov;
- Blagoveshnsky Monaswesy i Kirzhach, akarere ka Vladimir;
- Georgievsky Monasiteri Monasiteri kuri R. KlyaZMA.
Abayoboke b'Inyigisho ndera bashinzwe n'abahemiye barenga mirongo ine mu Burusiya. Abenshi muribo bubatswe mu butayu bwo mu mashyamba. Igihe kirenze, imidugudu yabarengaga. "Ubukoloni bwa Monastique", bwatangijwe na Radonezh, byatumye bishoboka gutanga ingingo zishyigikira iterambere ry'ubutaka n'iterambere ry'Uburusiya na Volga.
Kulikovskaya Intambara
Sergiyo Ratonezh yari umunyamahoro ukomeye watanze umusanzu utagereranywa mubumwe bwabantu. Yabonye agace katuje kandi krobry kavuga inzira igana ku mitima y'abantu, ihamagarira kumvira n'amahoro. Yiyunze amashyaka arwana ahamagarira igikomangoma i Moscou no guhuza igihugu cyose cy'Uburusiya. Nyuma, byateje ibintu byiza byo gusonerwa Tatar-Mongoliya.
Uruhare rwa Sergiyo Cronezh kurugamba kumurima wa Kulikovsky ni mwiza. Mbere yo kurwana, duke duke duke donskoy yaje ku mutagatifu gusenga no gusaba inama, niba umugabo w'Uburusiya arwanya imana. Khan Mamai n'ingabo ze nini bifuzaga kuba imbata z'umudendezo, ariko abarusiya barebera ubwoba. Nyiricyubahiro Sergius yahaye imigisha igikomangoma ku rugamba kandi ahamagarira intsinzi kuri Horde Tatar.
Hamwe na Prince, yohereje inkom ebyiri, bityo yomeshe kuri kanone z'itorero, bibujijwe kurwanya abihayimana. Sergiyo yari yiteguye gutamba agakiza k'ubugingo bwe kubabyeyi. Ingabo z'Uburusiya zatsindiye ku ntambara ya Kulikovsky ku munsi w'ivuka ry'inkumi. Iki nikindi kimenyetso cyurukundo rwihariye nubushake bwumubyeyi wImana wImana mu isi y'Uburusiya. Isengesho rya Majoro ryaherekeje ubuzima bwose bw'umutagatifu, igishushanyo cye ukunda cyari "umudamu wacu wa Odigitria" (umuyobozi). Ntabwo byabayeho utarimbaga Akthist - Iherizwa ryakozwe, ryeguriwe isugi.
Ibitangaza
Kuzamuka munzira yo guteza imbere mu mwuka kwabihaye Imana biherekejwe niyerekwa ryamayobera. Yabonye abamarayika na paradizo inyoni, umuriro wo mwijuru n'umusaruro w'Imana. Hamwe nizina ryabatagatifu bihuza ibitangaza byatangiye mbere yo kuvuka. Igitangaza cya mbere cyavuzwe haruguru cyabaye mu nda ya nyina. Induru yumwana yumvise abantu bose bari mu itorero. Igitangaza cya kabiri gifitanye isano nubushobozi bwubumenyi butunguranye.
Impinga yo gutekereza ku mwuka ni ibintu by'inkumi y'inkumi, wahawe umusaza wera. Igihe kimwe, nyuma yo gusenga kwicogora mbere yigishushanyo, urumuri rutangaje rwarimo kumurika, mumirasire yabonaga cyane isugi, iherekejwe ninkumi, iherekejwe ninkumi, iherekejwe n'intumwa ebyiri - Petero na Yohana. Monk yapfukamye, benshi baramuhindukirira bavuga ko yumvise amasengesho kandi azakomeza gufasha. Nyuma y'aya magambo, yongeye kuba atagaragara.
Phenomenon yinkumi yahawe umugisha Mariya yari inshundura nziza kubidukikije ndetse n'Uburusiya bwose. Habayeho intambara nini hamwe na tatars, abantu bari bahangayikishijwe cyane. Iyerekwa ryabaye ubuhanuzi, inkuru nziza yerekeye ibisubizo byateye imbere no gutsinda kuri Horde. Insanganyamatsiko ya Phenomenon yisugi Ibyimen yabaye imwe mubintu bizwi cyane mubishushanyo mbonera.
Urupfu
Ubuzima izuba rirenze Sergius, wabayeho ashaje, yari asobanutse kandi atuje. Byari bikikijwe n'abigishwa benshi, yubashywe n'abatware benshi n'abasabirizi baheruka. Amezi atandatu mbere y'urupfu rwa Sergiyo, azenguruka umunyeshuri Nikoni na Reverga areka ku isi, "atangira guceceka", yitegura gupfa.
Iyo uburwayi butangiye gutsinda ibintu byose bikomeye, mu kibatsi cyo kwitabaza akusanya ubuvandimwe bw'amazungu kandi asaba ababwira amabwiriza. Gusaba "Kugira ubwoba bw'Imana", komeza kubahiriza, isuku yubugingo n'umubiri, gukunda, kwicisha bugufi no kubasanirwa, kwerekana ko batagira abasabirizi nabatagira aho baba. Mw'isi y'undi musaza yimuye 25 Nzeri 1392
Kwibuka
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'Ubutatu, bamwubakiye mu ntera y'abatagatifu, bahamagara imyuka, ufite igitekerezo no mutagatifu. Katedrali yibuye yitwaga Troitsky yubatswe hejuru yimva ya Mutagatifu. Urukuta rwa katedrali hamwe na iconasis irangi Artel iyobowe na Andrei Rublev. Amashusho ashaje ntiyabitswe, mu mwanya wabo mu 1635, abashya baremwe.
Dukurikije iyindi verisiyo, ubushobozi bwa RaporoZh bwabaye nyuma, 5 (18) yo muri Nyakanga, iyo ibisigisigi byarabonetse. Ibibi kugeza uyu munsi biri muri katedrali y'Ubutatu. Inkuta ze bagiye gusa bafite iterabwoba rikomeye - mugihe cyimiriro nibitero bya Napoleoni. Hafunguwe i Bolsheviks, ibisigisigi byarafunguwe, kandi ibisigazwa byabitswe mu mateka ya Sergiev n'amateka n'amahanga.
Kwiyoroshya Ratenezh Igumen yabonye ukudapfa Kwibuka abayoboke, abizera bose no mumateka ya leta. Mutagatifu yabonaga ko ari ugusabana kwabo kandi umurinzi wera w'abami b'abanya Moscou basuye Mayy mu kigo cy'Ubutatu. Ku ishusho ye yafashwe mu bihe bikomeye ku bantu b'Abarusiya. Izina rye ryabaye ikimenyetso cy'ubutunzi bw'umwuka bw'Uburusiya ndetse n'abantu.
Amatariki yo kwibuka umutagatifu ni umunsi w'urupfu rwe ku ya 25 Nyakanga (8 Ukwakira) n'umunsi wo guhimbaza abera b'Ubutatu bwa Ihanga - Serivisi w'intwari 6 (19) wa Nyakanga. Muri biografiya yumutagatifu hari ibintu byinshi byo gukorera Imana. Mu cyubahiro cye, abihaye Imana, insengero n'inzibutso byubatswe. Gusa mu murwa mukuru w'insengero 67, benshi zubatswe mu kinyejana cya xvii-xviii. Hariho no mu mahanga. Amashusho menshi yanditswe kandi arashushanya nuburyo bwayo.
Agashusho k'igitangaza "Sergiyo Croconezh" ifasha ababyeyi iyo basengera abana babo kwiga neza. Mu nzu hari igishusho, abana bari munsi yubutunzi bwe. Abanyeshuri nishuri hamwe nabanyeshuri bitaweho ubufasha bwera, mugihe bafite ikibazo cyo kwiga no mugihe cyibizamini. Amasengesho mbere yuko igishushanyo gifasha mu manza za Urukiko, irinda amakosa n'abagizi ba nabi.