Ubuzima
Valentina Tereshkova numugore wambere mumwanya. Kugeza uyu munsi, biracyari umugore wenyine ku isi wohereje mu ndege yonyine, udafite abafasha n'abafatanyabikorwa. Yabaye kandi umugore wa mbere mu Burusiya, ahabwa umutwe wa Jenerali Majoro. Ni muri uru rwego rwa Tereshkova kandi rwemejwe mu 1997, mfite imyaka mirongo itandatu. Valentina Tereshkova Iteka yafashe izina rye mu mateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Uburusiya n'isi yose.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwuyu mugore butangirira mumudugudu wa Maslennikovo yaroslavl. Ababyeyi ba valentine batangiye kuva mu bahinzi ba Biyelorusiya. Bashyingiwe ku mahirwe: Umusore ntiyabikoze umukobwa wa Elena, ariko umukobwa yaramwanze. Noneho Lena yemeye ko azashyingiranwa. Vladimir ntiyatekereje kuva kera - yahise amutanga ubukwe gukina. Mushiki wa mbere ukiri muto wa Velentina Lyudmila yagaragaye mbere mumuryango ukiri muto.
Elena Tereshkova yakoraga mu kigo cy'imyenda, kandi se yari umushoferi. Yagize uruhare mu ntambara mu ntambara yo mu Busoji-Finilande arapfa. Umuvandimwe wa ABAKOZI WA GAHUNZI Volodya yavutse nyuma y'urupfu rwa Data. Elena Fedorovna ntiyongeye gushaka.
Nkiri umwana, Tereshkova yasuye ishuri rya Yaroslavl, yakiriye amanota menshi, kandi yize kandi gukina kuri Dom (umukobwa yagize iburanisha ryiza ryumuziki). Avuye kuri bagenzi be, yatandukanije n'imico yinangiye n'ubutwari - yicara ntatinyaga ku ifarashi, yasimbutse umutwe mu ruzi. Mu bwana, narose kuba moteri ya gari ya moshi, ariko mama ntiyigeze yemera ko gari ya moshi.
Amaze kurangiza amashuri yibanze yishuri, yahisemo gufasha nyina mubikubiye mumuryango akemukira kuri posita ya Braceletman ku gihingwa cya Yarotsi. Uyu murimo wari ugoye kumubiri, ariko wishyuye neza. Ariko, guta umukobwa utwitse ntabwo washakaga: iminsi yumurimo yicyumweru yarangiye amasomo mugihe cyishuri rya nimugoroba.
Icyiciro gikurikira cy'ubuzima bwa Valentina Vladimiro nacyo nticyahanuye ko ahinga ko agomba kugerwaho. Yarangije rero adahari mu ishuri rya tekinike ry'inganda. Mu busore bwe, imyaka 7 yakoragana n'umusaka ku gace kari hafi yitwa "perepop itukura". Muri iki gihe, Tereshkova yatangiye kwishora muri siporo ya parasute. Yishimiye kujya muri Aerosloj yaho kandi atatinya gusiga amaraso menshi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Tereshkova yigenga yamye yakomeje munsi yikigo, kandi icyo gihe nticyemewe gukora umubano wa hafi mbere yo gushyingirwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kanda yavuze Robert Siline, uwo yasuye Aeroslavl muri Yaroslavl. Nyuma yo kuva i Moscou, intutu yabo yarahagaritswe. Nyuma, Valentin Aristov yababajwe inyuma yumukobwa. Hamwe na hamwe, urubyiruko rwazengurutse umujyi, rusura cinema.Umugabo wa mbere ni Tereshkova yabaye cosmonaut adria nikolaev. Izina rye naryo yari azwi cyane n'abenegihugu b'Abasoviyeti: Adriaiain niwe wambere wamara iminsi ine mumwanya. Yabaye umunyamuryango w'ikigeragezo cya gisirikare mu gushaka umugabo muri orbit udafite spaafard. Umubano hagati yinguzanyo watangiriye mukiruhuko muri sanatori saniatorian. Abashakanye bamaranye umwanya munini, bagenda muri parike no kwiyuhagira izuba ku mucanga.
Ubukwe bwabaye mu 1963, ku ifoto y'abashyitsi b'iyi mihango urashobora kubona Nikita Khrushchev. Yategetse ibirori ku gihe cyo gushyingirwa mu nzu ya leta. Nyuma, ibiruhuko byakomeje mumujyi winyenyeri.
Umwaka umwe, ababara bagaragaye mumuryango - umukobwa wa Elena. Muganga yerekanye ubwitonzi bwiyongereye kumwana: Umukobwa aba umwana wambere kwisi, ababyeyi bombi basuye umwanya. Gutwita Valentina bimeneka, yari mu bitaro igihe cyose. Incuvu yongewe ko imbwa zose zasuye umwanya wavutse wapfuye ukiri muto cyangwa ibibwana bikomeretsa.
Uyu mukobwa yagaragaye ku isi yacitse intege, ariko ibisanzwe rwose, nubwo hari ibihuha mu gihe kinini Elena yavukaga impumyi n'ibipfamatwi, ndetse no kuri superflores n'intoki.
Umuryango wacitse mu 1982, igihe umukobwa wa Adryan na Valentina yujuje imyaka 18. Nyuma yuko gutandukana kwabo Elena bafashe izina rya nyuma. Nyuma, mu kiganiro, Tereshkova yamenye ko mu ruziga rw'abakunzi, umugabo we yiyeretse ubwawe, kuko ubuzima bwabo bwagiye. Nikolaev ntabwo yigeze arongora ubugira kabiri. Cosmonaut yasobanuye ko bigoye kubona umunezero wumuryango kunshuro ya kabiri, usibye umugore, inshuti ntabwo yoroshye guhura.
Umugabo wa kabiri wa Vladimirovna Valina Vladimirov yabaye Jenerali Majoro wa Julius Shapopokorev. Nta bana bari bafite muri ubu bukwe. Ariko Elena Tereshkova yerekanye abuzukuru wa nyina Alexei Majorov na Andrei Rodiova. Umuhe mukuru yamaze gusura ingabo, yize muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou, umuhererezi akunda umukino kuri violon. Bombi bahamagaye nyirakuru uzwi cyane wa shafts.
Birashimishije kubona umugabo wa Elena bombi yaje kuba abapilote. Youress wenyine Valentina Tereshkova akora muri cyto mu bwigingo "Umuganga ubaga". Yahisemo umwuga we ashimira papa we, na we wihariye muri orthopedictike. Tereshkova na ShapokonoUmutima yabaga mu bugingo, ariko mu 1999 uwo mwashakanye yapfuye azize kanseri.
Nubwo imyaka yizabukuru, Valentina Vladimiirovna yirata ubuzima bukomeye. Mu 2004, yabaga umutima utoroshye, kuko bitabaye ibyo yari kuba yaratewe umutima. Kuva icyo gihe, Valina Vladimiirovna ntabwo yatangajwe ku bibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima.
Umwuga
Ibyo ukunda kwa Valentina byahanuye ibyateganijwe. Mu cyifuzo cyiza, muri kiriya gihe, umuhanga mu bya politiki ya Soviet Korolev yafashe umuriro wo kohereza umugore mu kirere. Igitekerezo cyakiriwe neza, kandi mu ntangiriro ya 1962, gushakisha uhagarariye igitsina cyiza, cyari ukubona umutwe w'ishema wa Cosmoniok. Ibipimo byari ibi bikurikira: parafute bari munsi yimyaka 30, apima kg 70, gufata cm igera kuri 170.
Abagore b'Abasoviyeti bifuza kujya mu kirere bari igitangaza cyane. Abakozi b'inganda z'Abasoviyeti ba Cosmonatics bashakishaga imhanga zidakwiriye abakandida babana. Bitewe no guhitamo gukomeye, bitanu "byanyuma" byamenyekanye: Irna Solovyova, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Zhanna Yörkin, Valentina Pontomareva na Valentina Tereshkova.
Abakobwa bagenewe kumugaragaro kujya mu gisirikare, bahabwa urwego rusanzwe batangira gukora cyane. Mu ikubitiro, Tereshkova yanyuze muri gahunda y'amahugurwa mu rwego rw'ubwoko bwa Cosmonauth ya TOSMONMENT Y'UMWANYA WA KARANYA, ariko yamaze gutsinda ibizamini, yabaye ifungwa rya mbere y'ishami rya mbere.
Amahugurwa arimo tekiniki yo guteza imbere umubiri uhamye kumutekano windege. Kurugero, abakobwa bize kugirango bagenda badafite uburemere, bahuye nubutunzi bwumubiri muri TheRmoca 31Cocamera, bakora imyiteguro ya parasute, bamenye imikoreshereze ya Skatera.
Amahugurwa muri Surdocamera (icyumba, yitaruye amajwi yo hanze) yamaze iminsi 10. Buri ruhare rwabatanu ku ruhare rw'umugore wa Cosmonaut wa mbere mu minsi 10 mu kwibeshya byo guceceka byuzuye no kwigunga.
Mugihe uhisemo usaba, wagombaga kuguruka, yizirikana amahugurwa, urwego rwamahugurwa afatika, ubumenyi bwibitekerezo, ibisubizo byibizamini byubuvuzi. Inkomoko y'abakandida.
Kuba Valina Vladimiine yavuye mu muryango woroheje ukora wabuze utubi mu ntambara, yaramurimo ukuboko. Ibice by'ingenzi byari ibisambo bya politiki kw'ibinyabuzima, ubushobozi bwo kuyobora ibikorwa rusange, guhimbaza ishyaka rya gikomunisiti.
Niba, mu ngingo ebyiri za mbere, abandi bakandida bari munsi ya Tereshkova, hanyuma mu buhanga bwo gukora neza mu ruhame batari bangana. Valentina Vladimirovna yumvikana byoroshye nabanyamakuru nabandi bantu, bahaye ibisubizo bya lacoconic nibisubizo bisanzwe kubibazo, nubwo batibagiwe kuyobora amagambo make yerekeye ubunini bwishyaka rya gikomunisiti.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yatorewe n'umukandida mukuru mu ndege mu kirere. Imiterere ya Cosmonal yigana yakiriwe na Irina Solovyov, na Valentina Ponomarev yashyizeho uwasabye icyogaza.
Umugore wa mbere yagiye mu mwanya ku ya 16 Kamena 1963. Valentina Vladimirovna, igihe cya gatandatu commamonike ya Ussr, yahawe umusozi. Imvugo yanyuma, niyihe Tereshkova yavuzwe mbere yuko itangiriro, ibaye umurongo uva mu gisigo Vladimir Mayakovsky "igicu mu ipantaro": "Hey! Ijuru! Fata ingofero! "
Valentina Tereshkova yagiye mu bwato "Vostok-vostok-6", akuramo Baikonir (ntabwo avuye aho yuri Gagarin yatangiriye, kandi akigana). Uburyo umugore wa Cosmonit wakoze intangiriro, raporo zavuze, yakiriye isuzuma ryinzobere. Bijeje Tereshkova bakoze intangiriro kuruta abagabo b'insanganyamatsiko.
Bidatinze, nyuma y'imibereho ya Tereshkova, yimuye gato, ntiyigeze arya kandi ayobora imishyikirano y'uburiganya na sitasiyo y'ubutaka. Nyamara, yamaze iminsi itatu, 48 impinduramatwara ku isi, kandi mu nzira buri gihe yayoboye LogBook.
Mu gihe gito mbere yo kugwa, umugore wa mbere - icyogajuru afite ibibazo nibikoresho byo gusangira icyogajuru. Bitewe no kwishyiriraho insinga za Valentine, Tereshkova ntiyigeze yinjira mu bwato intoki. Ikosa ryo guhuza simulator kubikoresho nyabyo byagize ingaruka: Algorithm yibikorwa kuri bo yari itandukanye.
Ariko, "cosmos 6" yari agishobora kwerekeza kandi aterwa hejuru yisi binyuze muburyo bwikora, aho ikibazo nkiki kitabaye. Uru rubanza rwaje kwigwa muri Biro yo gushushanya, kandi itandukaniro ryakuweho. Korolev yasabye Valentina Vladimiirovna kutavuga iri kosa mubikoresho. Yakomeje iri banga imyaka 40.
Iyo urangije indege (ubwato bwageze mu karere ka Altayi) Valina Vladimirovna yagabanijwe ibicuruzwa bivuye mu biryo byaho, kandi ubwe yariye ibiryo gakondo by'ahantu. Muri ibyo, yarenze ku bushakashatsi bwo kwa muganga bwo kwiga indyo y'imirire idasanzwe ku ncabera ya gastrointestinal mu gihe umuntu akagumaho uburemere.
Naryo, hamwe no kubaho nabi, Tereshkova, hamwe nibibazo byerekeranye n'ubwato, bibabaza umwamikazi. Ndetse yasezeranije kutareka ngo umugore umwe umwe apfuye kugeza apfuye. Indege ikurikira isa nyuma yo kwita kuri injeniyeri afite impano mubuzima.
Kuva icyo gihe, Valentina Tereshkova ntakirenga mu kirere. Yabaye umwigisha - icyogajuru, yakoraga mu myitozo ngororamubiri nk'umushakashatsi mukuru, ndetse no murahiro mu ishuri ry'uburango bwa Zhekovsky, ndetse no murahira mu ishuri ry'uburango bwa Zhekovsky, ndetse no murahiro mu ishuri ry'uburango bwa Zhukovsky, ndetse no murahiro mu kigo cy'ubwubatsi bwa Zhukovsky, ndetse no kuba umwarimu wo mu kirere cya Zhukovsky, kuba umwarimu no kwandika impapuro zirenga mirongo itanu. Valentina Vladimirovna yatangaje ko byari byiteguye kujya mu ndege yerekeza i Mars (mu ndege imwe yanyuma).
Feat ya Umugore-Astronaure yagumye mu mateka, cyemeza ibihembo byinshi. Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro iki gikorwa, igihingwa cya Anglich cyashyizeho isaha "inagomu". Umubumbe muto nawo witwaga Ikimenyetso cyo guhamagara, umubumbe muto nawo witwaje, izina rya Pilote ryakiriye ikirango ku kwezi. Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Tereshkova, inzibutso zafunguwe, inzu ndangamurage yateguwe mu gihugu gito. Igishushanyo cye cyashyizwe ku giceri cy'Abasoviyeti.
Valentina Vladimirovna yeguriwe indirimbo "Umukobwa w'inyoni" yakozwe na Muslina Magayev, Valentina yakozwe na Sofia Rotaru, ati: "Valentine)" Natalia Ivanova. Inkuru ye yabwiwe mu bitabo, kandi muri 2017 film itanga "Buri gihe ndeba inyenyeri."
Tereshkova akomeje kwishora muri politiki. Mu bihe by'Abasoviyeti, yari umunyamuryango wa CPSI, kandi mu mwaka wa 2000 atorerwa ku mudepite wa mu karere ka Mu karere kavukire ya yaroslavl mu karere baturutse mu ishyaka ryunze ubumwe ry'Uburusiya. Yagize kandi uruhare mu muhango wo gutangiza imikino Olempike ya Soma 2014, yabaye Perezida wa Fondasiyo y'Ubugiraneza "kwibuka ibisekuruza", yagize uruhare mu gufungura kaminuza ndetse n'ibindi bigo byinshi i Yaroseli.
Muri 2011, mu gihe cy'amatora akurikira, Tereshkov yatorewe na Depite wa Leta ya Duma. Umugore wa Cosmonit wa mbere akunda akarere ke kavukire, afasha urugo rwabana rwa Yaroslavl, ishuri kavukire. Valentina Vladimirovna yishora mugutezimbere umujyi, bifungura ibipimo bishya byuburezi, umusaruro, ibikorwa remezo birimo. Yitwa siporo n'indangabiro y'abana.
Isabukuru (imyaka 80) Valentina Vladimiirovna yizihije 6 Werurwe 2017. Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, amara umwanya munini n'umuryango we, kandi anakomeza kwishora mu mwuga wa politiki. Kuri konti yayo - uruhare mu kurema ibikorwa 21 by'amategeko. Izina rye ritwara Fondasiyo yabagiraneza, ishora ifashwa nabahoze ari abasezere hamwe nabami barwana.
Muri 2018, Tereshkova, umwe mu badepite benshi ba leta, bakoze imyaka y'izabukuru. Iki gikorwa cyagaragaye nabi na societe, kandi izina ryumugore wa Cosmonaku wahungabanye.
Valentina Tereshkova ubu
Noneho, umuyobozi wungirije wa Valentine arashobora kuboneka binyuze kurubuga rwa leta ya Duma, aho afite urupapuro rwumuntu. Valentina Vladimirovna akubitwa muri "Instagram".
Muri Werurwe 2020, Valentina Tereshkova yakoze icyifuzo cyo gukuraho ibibujijwe byose kumubare wigihe ntarengwa umukuru wigihugu ashobora kubarwa. Guhindura muri Leta ya Duma yatoye na benshi.
Depite yaguye mu gushinja ibipimo ngenderwaho, ibitekerezo bibi ku rubuga rwagaragaye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Tereshkova yemejwe mu kiganiro nk'iki icyifuzo nk'iki yasabwe gukora abantu basanzwe. Nta ntego za politiki mu wungirije umwungirije utarakurikirana. Nyuma yo kuvugurura, yatangiye kwakira amabaruwa ashimira "kubungabunga Vladimir Putin".
Nyuma y'iminsi mike, Rosreestr yashyizwe mubikorwa kumitungo ya Valentina TereshkoVA. Mbere, inzu ya metero kare 700 yatangajwe ku mugaragaro ku izina rya Jenerali Majoro. m n'inzu itatu, harimo amazu muri pomegratovaya munzira ya Moscou ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 200.
Nubwo ibintu byose byabanjirije Valedina Vladimiirov, itsinda ry'abahanga ndetse n'umubare rusange ryatumye icyifuzo kijyanye no kwamburwa urwego rutandukanye rwose, harimo n'uwabenegihugu b'icyubahiro mu mijyi myinshi. Muri Novosibirsk, bahawe guhindurwa izina ryumuhanda wa Valentina Tereshkova, kugena izina ryundi pilote Svetlana Savitskaya. Ibyo na byo byatanze ijwi ryo kurwanya ibyo bikorwa bya politiki.