Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwa Nikolai Pirogov, abo mu gihe cyatwaga "umuganga mwiza" - urugero rwiza rw'umurimo utitanga wa siyanse y'ubuvuzi. Umubare utihariye wavumbuwe wakijije ubuzima bwibihumbi byabantu bagikoreshwa mubuvuzi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuhanga bw'ejo hazaza bwo ku isi yavukiye mu muryango munini w'umuyobozi w'ishami rya gisirikare. Nicholas yari afite abavandimwe na bashiki bacu cumi na batatu, benshi muri bo bari bakiri mu rubyiruko. Padiri Ivan Ivanovich yize kandi yageze ku mwanya ukomeye umwuga. Mu mugore we, yafashe umukobwa mwiza wo mu bwoko bwabacuruzi ushaje, wabaye umugore wo mu rugo na nyina w'abana babo benshi. Ababyeyi batitaye cyane ku burere bwa Tchad: Abahungu bariyemeje kwiga mu bigo bishimiwe, n'abakobwa bahawe uburezi murugo.
Umuryango wa Pyrrows yakundaga gusoma kandi ufite isomero ritangaje murugo. Ababyeyi babanye kandi bahaha Imana, buri cyumweru umuryango wasuye itorero, yitegereza imyanya kandi yubahwa iminsi mikuru y'idini.
Mu bashyitsi b'inzu y'ababyeyi bakira abashyitsi, hari abaganga benshi bari bafite ubushake bwo gukina bafite amatsiko Nikolai babwira inkuru zishimishije. Kubwibyo, kuva hakiri kare, yahisemo kuba cyangwa igisirikare nka se, cyangwa umuganga, nkabaganga batuye Dr. Mukhin, uwo umuhungu yabaye nini.
Nicholas Ros kumuntu utukana, yize mbere yo gusoma akamara iminsi nyuma yisomero rya Data. Kuva mu myaka umunani, yatangiye gutumira abarimu, kandi cumi n'umwe bahawe akanama gashinzwe Moscou.
Bidatinze, ingorane z'umubiri zatangiriye mu muryango: Umuhungu w'imfura Ivan Ivanovich yakinnye neza, kandi se yari afite ipfunwe, yagombaga gupfukirana amafaranga yabo. Kubwibyo, abana bagombaga kuva mu bashyitsi b'Imana kandi bagahindura bakomeza kwiga murugo.
Umuryango Dr. Mukhin, wabonye igihe kinini cyo kuvura imiti, yagize uruhare muri kaminuza mu Ishami ry'ubuvuzi. Kubasore bafite impano, ibintu bidasanzwe, maze aba umunyeshuri mumyaka cumi nine, ntabwo ari saa itandatu, nkuko amategeko abisabwa.
Ishuri ryanjye, Nikolai yahujije nakazi muri theatre ya anatomique, aho yakiriye uburambe butagereranywa bwo kubagwa maze amaherezo akemurwa guhitamo umwuga wo kurwanira umwuga.
Ubuvuzi na Pedagogy
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Pirogov, yerekejwe mu mujyi wa derpt (ubu, Tartu), aho yakoraga muri kaminuza yaho maze afite imyaka makumyabiri n'imyaka 20 yongeraho impamyabumenyi ye. Igikorwa ca siyansi cya Pirogov cyimuriwe mu kidage, bidatinze bashishikajwe n'Ubudage. Umuganga ufite impano yatumiwe muri Berlin, aho pies yakoraga imyaka ibiri ayoboye abaganga b'Abadage.
Yagarutse mu gihugu cye, umugabo ategereje kwakira ishami muri kaminuza ya Moscou, ariko yajyanywe n'undi muntu wari ufite amasano akenewe. Kubwibyo, pies yagumye muri derpete ahita aba icyamamare mukarere kose k'ubuhanga butangaje. Nikolai Ivanovich yafashwe byoroshye mubikorwa bigoye, ntamuntu wabikoze mbere, asobanura ibisobanuro birambuye kumashusho. Bidatinze, pies ihinduka umwarimu wo kubaga no gusohoka mu Bufaransa kugira ngo ashakishe amavuriro yaho. Inzego ntizimutangaje, kandi itwarisgay yo kubaga Prisgeon Velpo Nikolai Ivanovich yabonetse yo gusoma monografi ye.
Amaze kugaruka mu Burusiya, yahawe kuyobora ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi no kubaga ubuvuzi rya St. Petersburg, bidatinze PIROGGER ifungura ibitaro bya mbere byo kubaga ibitanda igihumbi. Muri St. Petersburg, umuganga yakoraga imyaka 10 kandi muri kiriya gihe yanditse ibikorwa bya siyansi kubaga no kubaga no kuri anatomiya. Nikolai Ivanovich yazanye kandi igenzurwa n'ikora y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikenewe, bikaba bikomeje gukorwa mu bitaro bye kandi bikaba bigisha inama mu bandi mavuriro, kandi nijoro ryakoraga muri anatomic, akenshi mu bihe bidafite isuku.
Imibereho nkiyi ntishobora kwerekana imiterere yubuzima bwa muganga. Amakuru yafashije Amakuru ko itegeko ryo hejuru ry'Umuriwe ryemejwe n'umushinga w'ikigo cya mbere cy'ikigo cya mbere cy'isi, Pirogov yakoraga mu myaka yashize. Bidatinze, iki gikorwa cya mbere cyakozwe hakoreshejwe anesthesia y'ingenzi, cyari intambwe yo mu buvuzi bw'ubuvuzi ku isi, kandi mask yubatswe yo guteranya anesthesia yari imaze gukoreshwa mu buvuzi.
Mu 1847, Nikolai Ivanovich Amababi yintambara ya Caucase kugirango asuzume ibintu bya siyansi mu murima. Ngaho yakoresheje ibikorwa ibihumbi icumi akoresheje anesthesia, yakoreshejwe mukwitoza ibitambaro byatewe no ku munyako, byahindutse prototype ya Gypsum ya Gypsum bande.
Mu kugwa kwa 1854, pies hamwe nitsinda ryabaganga nabaforomo bagiye mu ntambara ya Crimée, aho yabaye umuganga mukuru muri Sevastopol akikijwe n'umwanzi. Bitewe n'imbaraga za bashiki bacu b'imbabazi zamuremwa na we, abasirikare benshi b'Abarusiya n'abasirikare bakijijwe. Yateje imbere ibishya rwose mugihe kimwe gahunda yo kwimuka, gutwara no gutondeka gukomereka mubintu byimiterere, bityo bigashyingiranwa nubuvuzi bwa gisirikare bugezweho.
Amaze gusubira i St. Petersburg, Nikolai Ivanovich yahuye n'umwami kandi asangira ibitekerezo bye ku bibazo n'ibibi by'ingabo z'Uburusiya. Alegizandere wa II yarakariye ashize amanga, kandi ntiyashaka kumwumva. Kuva icyo gihe, Pirogov yaguye mu gikari ku gikari maze agirwa umurego w'iturere odessa na Kiev. Yohereje ibikorwa byabo mu kuvugurura gahunda y'uburere bw'ishuri buriho, bwongeye gutera abategetsi n'abayobozi. Pirogov yashyizeho uburyo bushya, bwasoje ibyiciro bine:
- Ishuri ribanza (imyaka 2) - Imibare, ikibonezamvugo;
- Ishuri ryisumbuye ridatunganye (imyaka 4) - Gahunda rusange yuburezi rusange;
- Amashuri yisumbuye (imyaka 3) - Gahunda rusange yuburezi + Indimi + Ibintu Byakoreshejwe;
- Amashuri Makuru: Ibigo byisumbuye
Mu 1866, Nikolai Ivanovich yimukiye hamwe n'umuryango we mu isambu ye yavuzwe muri Vinnitsa gubernia, aho yakinguye ivuriro ryigenga maze akomeza imyitozo ye. Indwara n'imibabaro yaje kuri "umuganga mwiza" mu Burusiya bwose.
Ntiyasize ibikorwa bya siyansi, kwandika mu bikorwa bya Cher Perry ku kubaga kwa gisirikare byahimbayemo izina rye.
Pirogov yagenze mu mahanga, aho yitabiriye inama za siyansi n'amahugurwa, kandi mu gihe kimwe mu mpande zose yasabwe gutanga ubuvuzi kuri Garibaldi.
Umwami w'abami Alexandre yongeye kwibukije umuganga w'icyamamare mu gihe cy'Uburusiya-Turukiya maze amusaba kwinjira mu bukangurambaga bwa gisirikare. Pirogov yemeye ko atazahungabanywa kandi agabanuka kwisanzura. Kugera muri Bulugariya, Nikolai Ivanovich yatahuye imitunganyirize y'ibitaro bya gisirikare, arenga amezi atatu ibirori 700 saa kumi n'imutwe no gusura imidugudu. Kubwibyo, umwami yari yitotombeye gahunda ya kagoma yera hamwe n'itabi za zahabu hamwe na diyama irimbishijwe nigishushanyo cyihariye.
Imyaka yanyuma, umuhanga ukomeye wahariwe imyitozo yo kwa muganga no kwandika "umuganga wa muganga wa kera," ararangiza mbere yicyapfuye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubwa mbere Pirogov yashakanye mu 1841 ku rubuto rwa Rusange Tatishchev, Ekaterina Bereziya. Ishyingiranwa ryabo ryamaze imyaka ine gusa, uwo mwashakanye yapfuye azize ibyago byo kubyara bikomeye, asiga abahungu babiri nyuma ye.
Nyuma yimyaka umunani, Nikolai Ivanovich yashakanye na Baroness Alexander von Bistrom, mwene Navigator na Navigator Kruzedrd. Yabaye umufasha w'indahemuka na bagenzi be, imbaraga ze zafunguye ivuriro ridasanzwe i Kiev.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Pirogov yabaye ikibyimba kibi, cyagaragaye kuri Mucosa yo mu kanwa. Yasuzumwe n'abaganga beza b'Ingoma y'Uburusiya, ariko ntibashobora ubufasha. Umuganga ukomeye wapfuye mu itumba ryo mu 1881 muri Cheri. Abavandimwe bavuze ko mu gihe cy'ububabare habaye ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi. Uwo mwashakanye yahisemo guhumeka umurambo we, maze abona ikiganiro cy'itorero rya orotodogisi, yatumiye umunyeshuri Pirogova David, igihe kinini cyasezeranye muri iyi ngingo.
Umurambo washyizwe muri curkpt idasanzwe hamwe nidirishya, ryatewe nitorero. Nyuma y'impinduramatwara, yafashwe umwanzuro wo kubungabunga umubiri wumuhanga ukomeye no gukora akazi ko kugarura. Iyi gahunda yabujijwe intambara, kandi Gonogenation ya mbere yarakozwe mu 1945 ku bahanga i Moscou, Letharrad na Kharkov. Noneho itsinda rimwe ryagize uruhare mu kubungabunga umubiri wa Pirogov, ushyigikira uko imibiri ya Lenin, Kim Il Siena na Ho Chi Minh.
Manor Pirogov yagumye kuri uyumunsi, ubu hatunganijwe inzu ndangamurage y'Umuhanga ukomeye. Ishaka gusoma Pirogov gusoma ku musanzu w'abaganga babaga ubuvuzi bw'isi, inama mpuzamahanga z'ubuvuzi zegeranijwe.