Ubuzima
Izina ryumubutso rwiza wabaga muri V KC (460-377 BC), irazwi cyane kuba mugihe abo mu ndahiro, abaganga batanga uyu munsi mugihe bemezaga umurimo mwiza wo gutabara abantu. Umufilozofe wa kera w'Abagereki, umuganga w'igihangana, umuhanga mu by'umuhanga, n'umuvugurura w'ubumenyi bw'indwara urashobora kwitwa "Se w'Umuti", kubera ko nakiriye imirimo y'ibinyejana byinshi ishize urufatiro rw'ubuvuzi rusubizwa inyuma, amahame mbwirizamuco ya Umwuga w'ubuvuzi.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bagerageza gukusanya amakuru ajyanye n'ubuzima bwa kamere. Amakuru amwe yerekeye filozofiya ni bimwe bivuguruzanya, bityo rero amakuru menshi avuye kuri biografiya ya hippocraticy, ndetse bimwe na bimwe ndetse nimpinga.
Amabanga yagerageje kuzinga ishusho nyayo yinzira yubuzima bwa muganga, inkuru ye. Igikorwa c'igishya Emeses (umuhanga mu by'amateka y'Abaroma) wafashwe nk'ishingiro, niwe wa mbere wasobanuye ubuzima bw'ivugurura rya kera ry'Abagereki, kwibuka ikinyamakuru (umuhanga mu bya filozofiya), kimwe no gutinda kuvuga Imirambo yagutse y'umwanditsi ubwe.
Umuvumo yavutse hafi. Kos (inkombe za Turukiya uyumunsi). Se w'indege kandi yishora mu gukira kwe, yitwaga Geraklid, nyina - FENANDT (PRAXITA Nkurikije andi masoko).
Imiti "ifarashi yonyine" (ishyamba ryakozwe na per. Kuva mu rurimi rw'ikigereki) yatangiye kwigira mu rusengero rwubatswe n'Imana yahawe na se na sekuru, bari mu bantu b'icyubahiro kubwimpano murwego rwubuvuzi.
Mu myaka y'ubuto, imvubu yabaye umunyeshuri wa filozofiya w'icyo gihe - Gorgiya, democasi, wamufashaga kunoza imizigo isanzwe y'ubumenyi. Kugira imico y'amatsiko, umuganga uzaza wahisemo gukomeza iterambere no kujya mu rugendo isi yose yumva itazwi.
Ubugereki bwahinduye abaganga benshi, kandi abameze ko babemererwa guhura n'imvubu. Hatitwaga ubumenyi bufite inyota yumusore wagize ijambo ryose ryerekeye ubumenyi, wize neza ameza yashushanyije kurukuta rwinkuta zitandukanye za Asclepia.
Umuti
Mu gihe ubuzima bwabo bwose bw'ibihumo, abantu batazi gusoma no kwandika bered bizera ko indwara zivuka kubera char k'ubupfumu, kandi indwara zoherejwe n'imyuka mibi y'indi isi. Filozofiya ya muganga wa kera yaje kuba umwihariko, udushya, kuko byose byizeraga ko byose byari bisanzwe, mubisanzwe. Hippocrat yateguye uburyo bwa siyansi mu myizerere y'ubuvuzi, yerekanye ibinyoma by'ibitekerezo byahimbwe. Yafataga abantu mu mijyi no mu bihugu.
Umuganga ukomeye hamwe na disikuru yanditse yanditse Ibikorwa, ibyanditswe aho byumvikana ku myanzuro ye yagaragaye neza. Ibyavuye muri filozofiya bishyigikirwa no kwitegereza n'ukuri bivuye mu buzima, no guhanura no kubw'indwara bishingiye ku ngero n'imanza.
Nyuma yaho, imiyoboro y'iyisi yashinze ishuri rya Kosko, ryakiriye icyamamare no gutera imbere, tugahinduka ku bakomoka ku rubavu mu iterambere ry'iterambere ry'ubuvuzi.
Mubuvumbuzi butangaje bwa siyansi ya "Se wubuvuzi" burashobora gutangwa:
- Gufungura imiterere yabantu. Hippocrates yatangajwe ku cyiciro cy'ubwoko bw'imiterere yamenyekanye muri iki gihe, byasobanuye isuzuma no kuvurwa, bikwiranye na buri bwoko kugiti cye, bihabwa impengamiro kuba bamer.
- Inyigisho yindwara zindwara. Dukurikije inyigisho y'indege, yagabanije icyiciro giteye akaga bw'indwara - "Ikibazo", kandi kivuga kandi ku bintu biranga "iminsi ikomeye".
- Uburyo bwateje imbere bwubushakashatsi bwabarwayi (AUSMultation, Percussion, Palpation). Muganga yamenye mbere yigihe cye, yakiraga icyitegererezo cyambere, ariko yari umusanzu muri siyanse.
- Ibiranga gutabara. Bitewe n'ubumenyi n'abashya ba filozofiya ya kera, abaganga bakurikiranye batangiye gukoresha mu kubaga bande, masike, ingofero. Hippocrat kandi yamenyesheje amategeko yo kuyobora ibikorwa (kumurika neza, ibikoresho).
- Kwerekana amahame ya Dishetologiya. Dukurikije igitekerezo cya muganga, abayoboke be basobanukiwe ko abarwayi bakeneye ibiryo bidasanzwe (kurya). Kurugero, hamwe numuriro - igikoma cya sayiri gifite ubuki, Tmin n'imibavu, hamwe na rheumatics - amafi yatetse.
Usibye abavuzwe haruguru, imvubu irazwi cyane kubitekerezo byimyitwarire, kwita kubantu. Ubuvuzi bukomeye bwagiriye inama yo kudakoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kwizera byinshi kamere, ariko ubuzima bwafunguye amoko arenga 300 yibiyobyabwenge. Imikoreshereze yabo irakorwa nonaha (ubuki, imitabo ya poppy, umutobe wamagati, nibindi).
Hippocrate yari izi gufunga amenyo (iburanisha ntibyakijijwe), kugirango yinjire ku gutandukana, kuvunika kuri bam mu iterambere ryabo (ifoto isa n'imbonerahamwe y'amagufwa). Mu kuvura ibihuru, ibitekerezo byabitayeho byishyuwe ku bugingo bw'umurwayi, icyifuzo cye cyo kubaho kandi ntiyitigeze kitita ibizava mu mubiri gukira k'umubiri.
Indahiro
Umwandiko w'ibihuru mu myaka yashize hahindutse ibyakozwe mu biro by'Amabwiriza igihe byahinduwe, ariko amahame shingiro ntiyahindutse, nk'uko amagambo yagaragaye mu byo yaremye. Harimo ubujurire budasanzwe, imbabazi, ikiremwamuntu kuri buri muntu. Kurugero:
- Inshingano kubandi (ubufasha budashishikajwe na buri).
- Ihame ntaho ribi. "
- Ibyifuzo by'abaganga guhakana abagore mu gukuramo inda, abarwayi bakomeye - muri Euthanasiya, ntibanyinjire mu buryo butaziguye abarwayi mu mibanire y'urukundo.
- Ihame ryo guceceka, ibanga, amakarako yikibazo cyumurwayi.
Mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, hatangijwe umuco - kuvuga indahiro ya filozofiya ya kera y'Abagereki igihe yakira umudipolome w'inzobere mu buvuzi muri kaminuza. Inyandiko yayo yahinduwe inshuro nyinshi mu ndimi zitandukanye, rimwe na rimwe itakaza ibisobanuro byambere. Mu Burusiya, indahiro yasomwe mu kirusiya kuva mu 1971 ari "indahiro ya muganga wa USSR", kuva mu 1990 - nk '"indahiro ya muganga w'Uburusiya", kandi kuva mu 1999 batangajwe mu buryo bw'umuganga w'Abarusiya "(Inyandiko nshya, iteganijwe n'ingingo ya 71).
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Birazwi ko ubuhanga bwa siyansi yubuvuzi bwashakanye numukobwa wo mumuryango ugaragara uba mu gihugu cye. Ubukwe bwabo bwabaye nyuma yo kwiga hippocrat murugo. Mu bashakanye, abashakanye bavutse abana batatu (abahungu Fessal, Ikiyoka n'umukobwa).
Abahungu ba filozofiya bakurikije imigenzo y'umuryango yoherejwe mu karere ko gukiza, n'imigani n'inkuru zahimbwe ku mukobwa. Umukobwa wumuti munini wabaga muri Atisalee (ikirwa mu nyanja ya Aegean). Hano yashakanye numuntu na Polybius. Yari umunyeshuri n'abayoboke b'imhubuhumu.
Umufilozofe wa kera yari afite ubutware bukomeye mubana. Kubera kubaha se w'abahungu be, batorenze no kwihana sogokuru.
Urupfu
Ibihubu bisize iyi si bimaze gukura (muri 83-104), gusiga ababakomokaho umurage ukize cyane mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi na filozofiya. Yapfiriye mu mujyi wa Lisita (ikibaya cya Pessel mu Bugereki), kandi imva ye iherereye mu gace ka Hitoni. Mu myaka ya none, urwibutso rwo muri Hippocrat rwubatswe muri Lissa - ahantu ho gutegekwa no mu mujyi.
Muburyo bumwe na bumwe bwanditswe ko inzuki yinzuki zakozwe ku mva ya muganga. Abagaburira abagore bakunze kuza hano gukiza ubuki kugirango bavure ibisebe mubana bakura.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'i kuzimu byabonye "umutwe" wa shitimbod. Abatuye mu kirwa cya muganga, buri mwaka mu cyubahiro cye batambaga bakurikije inyigisho yo gusenga Imana. Hariho kandi igitekerezo cyo mwisi ya kera, filozofiya yabaye umuvuzi wubugingo.
Imirimo ya "se wubuvuzi" mugihe cyintwali, umuriro no kurimbuka kwubugereki ni mu isomero rya Alegizandiriya, nyuma yabo bajyanyweho kuri Constantinople, bityo imirimo y'umuganga yashoboye gukiza no kuzigama.
Ibintu bishimishije
Ntabwo byemejwe n'abahanga mu by'amateka y'umugani w'umuganga uzi ubwenge, ariko ukuhaba kwabo ntirushobora guhagarikwa. Dore bimwe muribi:- Igihe kimwe, imvubu yageze muri Atenayi, aho icyorezo giteye ubwoba cyakozwe. Yakoze ibintu by'ubuvuzi kandi akikiza umujyi urupfu.
- Igihe umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yishora mu bushakashatsi no gukira muri Makedoniya, yagombaga gufata umwami. Imvubu yagaragaje indwara yitwa kwiyongera ku mutegetsi, bivuze gukabya indwara ye.
- Duhereye kubibuka kuri satelite idasanzwe ya hippocrata, biraruhura ko hamwe bahuye numukobwa umwe inshuro ebyiri hamwe nigihe gito. Muganga yashoboye kumenya igihombo cyo kuba umushuka umwe nyuma yinama ya kabiri. Yabikoze ku gahato.
Gusubiramo HIPPOCRARA
- "Niba inzozi zorohereza imibabaro, indwara ntabwo yica"
- "Indwara ibaho haba kurenga, cyangwa kubura, ni ukuvuga ku kurenga kuringanishya"
- "Igice cy'indwara kibaho gusa n'imibereho"