Ubuzima
Niba mu bihugu by'Uburayi, Kovalevskaya yabonaga ko ari umuhanga mu mibare ukomeye, ubwo yari mu gihugu cyabo, ubuhanga bwe bwamenyekanye nyuma y'urupfu gusa. Kovalevskaya yabaye umugore wa mbere ku isi, wakiriye umwanya wa Porofeseri, ndetse n'umuhanga mu mugore wa mbere mu Burusiya, wubahwa kuba umunyamuryango wa St. Petersburg an.Ubuzima bwa Sofya bwasaga urugamba rudashira: kubwicyubahiro kidashira: Kugirango uburenganzira bwo kwiga, amahirwe yo kwishora mu mibare no kwigisha ingingo ya siyansi aho kuba umurinzi wibanze kumubiri.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umugore w'indashyikirwa mu mibare yavukiye mu mujyi wa 15050 mu muryango ukize wa Liyetona Jenerali Vosily Korvin-Krukovsky na Elizabeth Schubert. Usibye Sophia, ababyeyi bareze abandi bana babiri: muvandimwe wa FYIDOR na mushiki we Anna. Nyuma yaho, umuhungu ukunda yakuyeho uko se akeshimira ishyaka rya Bosiviks, mu gihe Anna yabaye impinduramatwara kandi yitabira komini ya Paris.
Data na Mama bifuzaga kubyara undi muhungu, nuko uko Sofiya bidashimishije. Umukobwa yumvise ababyeyi badakunda kuva akiri muto kandi bagerageza kubishimira. Umva ko wanzwe nabantu kavukire, Sophia yakunze guhitamo irungu, aho yakiriye izina "Dicarka".
Uyu mukobwa yakuriye mu mutungo w'ababyeyi Polybino, wari uherereye mu ntara ya Vitebsk. Ubwa mbere, bashiki bacu bombi bari umubyimbanyi, hanyuma imyitozo yabo yashinzwe umwanzi wo murugo Joseph Mayvich. Mumyaka umunani, Sophia yize ibintu byose byigishijwe muri kiriya gihe muri siporo yimikino. Mwarimu yashimye ubushobozi bwumukobwa, umwanda, imyiteguro nziza kuri buri somo nigikoresho cyihuse cyibikoresho bishya. Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwa Sofiya muri siyansi bwarazungura, kuko sekuru-sekuru Fledor Ivanovich yari umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, naho Santa Fedroromer yari umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikigereranyo, maze Santa Fedroromer yari umuhanga mu by'ingenzi nk'umuhanga mu mibare bafite impano na Geodesiste.
Umushyitsi wakunze kwa se, Porofeseri Nikolai Titov, yabonye ubushobozi bw'imibare y'umukobwa. Umuhanga ndetse na Sophiya yari umufuka "Pascal nshya" maze asaba Se guha umukobwa inyigisho zifite ireme. Ariko jenerali ya kera yemeye ko umugore afite umuhanda umwe gusa mubuzima - yashakanye. Data ntiyashakaga kohereza abakobwa mu mahanga kugira ngo amahugurwa, kandi muri kaminuza y'Uburusiya yafunzwe ku bagore.
Imibare
Mu 1866, Sofiya yimukiye i St. Pepterburg atangira kwigira kuri Alexandre strannubsky, mwarimu azwi cyane ku gihe. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umukobwa yahawe uburenganzira bwo gutega amatwi ibiganiro bya Ivan sechenov, kimwe no kwiga anatomiya muri Academy ya gisirikare.
Kugira ngo akureho ababyeyi babuze ababyeyi, Sofiya yakemutse ku ishyingiranwa ry'impimbano na Vladimir Kovalevsky, nyuma avuye ku mupaka wo kwiga muri kaminuza ya Heidelberg. Muri iki gihe, umukobwa ashimangira imibare, yumva ibiganiro bya Helmagolz, Gustav Kirchff, abitswe. Umugabo we yashimishijwe n'ubushobozi bw'umugore we no muri rimwe mugenzi we yatangaje ko mugenzi we w'imyaka 18 yatangaze neza ko mugenzi we w'ubuzima wize neza, Izi indimi nyinshi kandi ikora mumibare.
Mu 1870, umuryango wa Kovalevsky wahisemo kuguma i Berlin, aho Sophiya yashakaga kwiga muri kaminuza yaho kandi yitabira amasomo ya Charles Weiesttes. Ariko byaragaragaye ko abagore batemera abagore muri iki kigo cy'uburezi. Kovalevskoy yagumye gusa kubaza umuhanga kubyerekeye amasomo yihariye. Kuraho umukobwa ubabaza, Weershtrass, Weershtrass yahisemo kubaza Sophie umubare wibikorwa byinshi byateye imbere. Ariko nyuma yigihe runaka, Kovalevskaya yasubiye umuhanga hamwe nibisubizo byiteguye.
Weestst yatangajwe n'ukuri kandi byumvikana ku myanzuro ya Kovalevskaya maze aba umwigisha uhoraho kuri we. Sofya yizeye igitekerezo cyumujyanama kandi akagigisha inama kuri buri murimo we. Ariko umwarimu yasuzumye imirimo y'abagore imibare, kandi ibitekerezo byose byari ibya Kovalevskaya.
Mu 1874, Kovalevskaya yabaye umuganga wa filozofiya nyuma yo kurinda ibyakozwe "ku nyigisho z'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye" muri kaminuza ya Götsen. Byari intsinzi ikomeye, hashingiwe ku muryango ukiri muto wafashe icyemezo cyo gusubira mu Burusiya.
Sophia arota kwigisha muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg, ariko societe yuburusiya ntabwo yiteguye gukingura urugi imbere yumugore ufite impano. Mu gihugu cyabo kavukire, imibare idasanzwe yashoboraga gutanga umwanya wa mwarimu gusa muri gymnasium y'abagore.
Gutenguha Sophia kuva muri siyansi imyaka itandatu. Yagerageje kubona ko akora umurimo w'ubuvanganzo n'umunyamakuru, akenshi yakorewe kuri kongere y'abaganga n'abashakashatsi. Muri kiriya gihe, Kovalevskaya yibarutse umukobwa ajya i Burayi igihe gito.
Mu 1880, Sofiya yasubiye i Moscou, nyuma y'umwaka, aba umwe mu bagize imibare y'imibare yaho. Umugore yagerageje gutanga ibizamini bya shobuja byamugwiririye, ariko yakiriye kwanga kwanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Kovalevskaya yagiye i Paris, aho yashakaga urubuga rwo kwigisha ku masomo yo hejuru y'abagore. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hano mubikoresho byiza byiteze gutenguha.
Kugira ngo umuryango ugire umuryango, Vladimir Kovalevsky yajugunye ibikorwa bya siyansi kandi akora ubucuruzi. Yashora imari ya Sofiya, ariko birananirana. Umugabo yahoraga ashukwa nabagenzi, naho 1883 umuryango wabahanga wabuze imibereho. Muri icyo gihe, Kovalevsky yashinjwaga gutekereza, kandi, yatakaje ibyiringiro byo kuva mu myanya igoye, uwo mugabo yiyahuye. Amakuru ateye ubwoba yatunguye Sophia, bidatinze yasubiye mu Burusiya kandi agarura izina ryiza ry'umugabo we.
Impinduka zikomeye mubuzima bwa Sophia Kovalevskaya byabaye nyuma yo gutumirwa mu 1884 kugirango yigishe muri kaminuza ya Stockholm. Igikoresho cy'abagore mu bahanga bagize uruhare kuri Karl Weieststs na Magnus Mittag lefefler. Ubwa mbere, Sofiya Soma ibiganiro mu kidage, nyuma y'umwaka, yimukiye mu gisuwede. Byongeye kandi, Kovalevskaya yerekanye impano y'ubuvanganzo, atangira kwandika inkuru n'inkuru.
Muri iki gihe hari ibimenyesheje ubumenyi bwa siyansi ya Kovalevskaya. Umugore yize inzira yo gukurura hejuru yikirere gikomeye, kandi yafunguye verisiyo ya gatatu yo gukemura ikibazo kumubiri ukomeye niba hari ingingo ihamye.
Mu 1888, Ishuri rya Paris ryatangaje amarushanwa kumurimo mwiza wo kwiga kugenda byumubiri ukomeye, ufite ingingo ihamye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abacamanza bahisemo ubushakashatsi bwerekanye imibare itangaje.
Imirimo ipiganwa yatangajwe cyane n'abahembo ku mafaranga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Nyuma yibyo, intekoshi yafunguye ibahasha yitwaje imibare yanditseho umurimo mwiza wa siyansi. Umwanditsi w'iri bushakashatsi yari Sophia Kovalevskaya - umugore wenyine muri kiriya gihe, yigishije imibare mu mwanya wa Porofeseri.
Gufungura Kovalevskaya byasuzumwe mu 1889 na Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi, ryerekanye Premium na professest muri kaminuza ya Stockholm (ubuzima). Muri uwo mwaka, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Uburusiya ryatowe Sophia n'umuyoboke uhuye.
Icyubahiro nubucuruzi ukunda mumahanga ntibyakijije Kovalevskaya yifuza cyane mu gihugu cyabo. Umugore yashakaga kwigisha muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg, kandi aya mahirwe yagaragaye muri 1890. Sofiya yaje mu Burusiya, ariko umuhanga ufite impano, ariko ntanubwo umuhanga ufite impano, ntanubwo yazirikana no mu nama yo mu ishuri. Iki cyemezo cyatonzwe no kuba mu migenzo y'inama ya siyansi, kuboneka kw'abagore ntabwo birimo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Sophia Korvin-Krukovskaya yashakanye mu 1868 kuri Vladimir Kovalevsky - Umuhanga mu binyabuzima. Ubu bukwe ntibubatswe ku rukundo cyangwa byibuze umugereka ukomeye. Impamvu yonyine umukobwa yahisemo kurongora ni icyifuzo cyo guhunga imbaraga za Data wihebe.
Ubukwe bw'impimbano by'abahanga babiri mugihe bahindutse umuryango wukuri, urubyiruko rukundanya. Mu 1878, aba bombi bavutse umukobwa, na we witwa Sofiya (nyuma yabaye umuganga). Kovalevskaya yimuye cyane igihe cyo gutwita, kandi nyuma yo kuvuka kwatewe no kwiheba.
Ubuzima buhuriweho bwa Vladimir na Sophia byari bigoye, akenshi urubyiruko rugumaho akazi n'amafaranga. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubahana no kwita kuri buri wese byategetse mumuryango. Kubwibyo, igihe muri 1883, Kovalevsky yarasenitse, maze yiyagira, Sofiya atwara iki gihombo nk'amakuba ku giti cye.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we, umugore yahuye na murumuna wa nyakwigendera - Maxim Kovalevsky, wari umusomyi w'ikiligi kandi akurikiranwa na guverinoma y'Uburusiya. Sofiya yatumiye Maxim i Stockholm kandi afasha kubona akazi muri kaminuza. Kovalevsky ndetse yahisemo kumvisha umugiraneza, ariko asubiza aranga. Amaherezo abashakanye batandukanije mu 1890 nyuma yo kurangiza ingendo zihuriweho i Riviera.
Urupfu
Sophia Kovalevskaya yishimiye ubutware muri kaminuza zizwi cyane mu Burayi, yabaye umwanditsi wamenyekanye, ariko umuryango wa siyansi w'igihugu kavukire utazi umugore. Iyo bitabaye ngombwa mu Burusiya, Kovalevskaya yahisemo gusubira i Stockholm. Mu nzira, Sofya yari akonje cyane kandi ararwara no gutwika ibihaha. Abaganga baje kuba badafite imbaraga zo gufasha imibare ikomeye, maze ku ya 10 Gashyantare 1891, Kovalevskaya yapfuye afite imyaka 41.
Nyuma yimyaka itanu, abagore baturutse mu bice bitandukanye by'Ingoma y'Uburusiya byakusanyije amafaranga ku rwibutso rw'urwibutso ruzwi. Abo igikorwa, bagaragaje kwemera ya ibyagezweho Kovalevskaya mu murima wa imibare n'intererano yayo mu guharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore ku burezi.
Uyu munsi, Sophia Kovalevskaya Ibyagezweho bishimwa cyane n'umuryango w'abahanga ku isi. Mu cyubahiro cye, crater yukwezi irahamagarwa kandi ninteroid. Ifoto ya Sofiya yashushanijwe mu 1951 kuri kashe ya posita y'Abasoviyeti. Kuva mu 1992, Ikirusiya Am Ibihembo Ku mibare igihembo cyitiriwe S. Kovalevskaya. Mu mijyi myinshi yo mu mwanya wa nyuma mu gihe cyubaha umuhanga uzwi cyane wumuhanga witwa umuhanda. Muri Stockholm (Suwede), Great Luki (Uburusiya) na Vilnius (Lituwaniya), izina rye ni ibigo byuburezi.
Bibliografiya
- "Nihistka"
- "Kwibuka mu Mwana"
- "Kwibuka George Elliot"
- "Iminsi itatu muri kaminuza y'amahinzi muri Suwede"
- "Vae Intsinzi"
- "Umuryango wa Vorontsov"
- "Kurwanira umunezero. Imikino ibiri ibangikanye "