Ubuzima
Vladimir ivanovich Vernadsky - Umuhanga w'indashyikirwa, Umuhanga, Conologlegrafi, Crtstallow, Vitrisom, inyigisho zerekeye noochemy, filozofiya, filozofiya n'umubare rusange.
Igihe kizaza cyo kwigisha cyavutse mu 1863 i St. Petersburg, mu muryango w'abahanga mu bytweredia. Mukuru vladimir, Vasily Ivanovich Vernadsky, yagize uruhare mu nzibacyuho ya Suvorov anyuze muri iyo mipira ya gisirikare, nyuma yaje guhabwa umutwe w'icyubahiro.
Se wa Vladimir, Ivan Vasilyevich, wigishije umunyapolitiki muri kaminuza yaho, yavukiye muri kaminuza yaho, no muri siporo - ibitabo by'Uburusiya. Nyuma yo gushyingirwa kwa Mariya, umukobwa wu Buto bwa Nikolai Shigayeva, se wa Vernadsky, hamwe n'uwo bashakanye, yimukira i Moscou, asorekeza i Moscou, asorekeza muri Moscou, asorekeza muri Moscou, ubukungu bwa politiki.
Nyuma yo kwimukira muri St. Petersburg, Vernadsky yavukiye umuhungu wa Nikolai, mukuru mukuru Vladimir. Maria Nikolaevna yapfuye mu buryo butunguranye imyaka icumi nyuma y'ubukwe, asiga uwo mwashakanye umupfakazi n'umwana muto mu maboko. Nyuma yimyaka mike, Ivan Vasilyevich yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri kuri mubyara w'umugore wapfuye, Anne Petrovna kanstantinovich, watanze ubuzima ejo hazaza h'umuhanga ukomeye.
Volodeya yari afite imyaka itanu, Vernadsky yimukiye i St. Petersburg yerekeza muri Kharkov, wafatwaga nk'imwe mu bigo bya siyansi ndetse n'umuco by'Ingoma y'Uburusiya. I Kharkov, Vladimir yinjiye muri siporo yaho, aho yize imyaka ibiri. Mu 1876, Vernadsky yasubiye i St. Petersburg, umuhungu akomeza kwiga muri gymnasium ya mbere ya metropolitan.
Uburezi bwabonetse na Vernadsky muri St. Urugendo rwa St. Petersburg nubwoko bwacu. Ibi birashobora gucirwa urubanza kuba yarangije kwandika no mu ndimi eshatu, kandi asoma - kuri cumi na batanu, harimo no gutangaza impapuro za siyansi n'inyigisho mu mahanga. Muri Gymnasium, Vladimir Ivanovich, Aza wa filozofiya n'amateka y'amadini, yabaye intambwe ya mbere yaganiraga mu gushyiraho urujya n'uruza rw'imiterere y'uburusiya, abashyigikiye.
Biologiya hamwe nabundi bumenyi
Mu 1881, Vernadsky yinjiye mu ishami risanzwe rya Fizman wa kaminuza ya St. Petersburg. Abarimu b'umusore ufite impano bari Beketov, Mendeleev, Dokuchaev, DOKUCHAEV, washinze ishuri ry'incamake. Dokuchaev, nk'umuyobozi w'ishami karemano, wiganye kandi yirinde impamyabumenyi ya Vernadyky, yatanze imyanya y'umuzamu w'inkeragukeri.
Mu 1888, umuhanga ukiri muto yagiye mu Burayi kwimenyereza umwuga. Mu ikubitiro, yakorwaga muri kristu muri Munich, hanyuma ajya i Paris, ku ishuri ry'imisozi ya kaminuza ya koleji de France. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, basubiye mu gihugu cye, Vernadsky yashyizeho umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe Mistialogiya muri kaminuza ya Moscow.
Vladimir ivanovich yakoraga nkimyambaro ya mwarimu ya mwarimu. Mu 1891, umuhanga ukiri muto yarwanije inyigisho za shebuja, maze mu 1897 yari impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri, maze aba umuganga n'umurimu w'inzovu. Mugihe cyo kuruhuka hagati yimpera zombi, Vernadsky yakoze byinshi. Hamwe n'ingendo za siyansi, yakoranye Uburusiya bwose, Uburayi, butwara ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya.
Mu 1909, kuri Kongere ya XIII y'ibigo bisanzwe, Vladimir Ivanovich Soma Raporo yerekeye amabuye y'agaciro yo kumenya amabuye y'agaciro mu butaka bw'isi, amaze gushyiraho urufatiro rwa siyansi nshya - Geichemue. Mu myaka yigisha muri kaminuza ya Moscow, Porofeseri yakoze umurimo munini ahindura igitekerezo cy'ubusakuru bwabayeho kugeza icyo gihe. Umuhanga watandukanije Mineralogiya muri Crystallowlography, yahambiriye siyanse ya mbere yimibare na fiziki, na kabiri - hamwe na chimie yubukorikori bwisi na geologiya.
Muri ubwo buryo icyarimwe hamwe n'imirimo mize mirema mu murima w'amabuye y'agaciro, Vernadsky yegereye kuvumbura Geichemusi, kandi kwiga ubuzima ibintu byamujyanye mu ntangiriro ya bilesgeochemie. Muri icyo gihe, uyu muntu utangaje cyane ushishikajwe no gutesha agaciro amajivizizi, amateka yubumenyi na filozofiya, kandi yanagize uruhare muri politiki nubuzima bwimibereho yigihugu kurwego rwo hejuru.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, umuhanga yabaye umunyeshuri unyeshuri mu ishuri rya St. Petersburg Ishuri ry'Ubumenyi, yerekeje inzu ndangamurage ya Mineralogiya. Umwarimu mu 1909 washinzwe komisiyo ya radiyo yerekeje gushakisha amabuye y'agaciro, na we ubwayo yagize uruhare muri ibyo byifuzo, nkuko bigaragara n'amafoto yububiko. Mu 1915, Vernadsky yateguye komisiyo (CEP), umurimo w'ingenzi wagombaga kwiga ibikoresho bibisi, harimo amabuye y'agaciro.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, Vernadsky yafashije gutegura ibyumba byo kuriramo kuriramo kubera inzara y'Abahinzi, yatorewe ku nzego za ZESTkiy, kandi nyuma ya Minisiteri yo kumurikira by'agateganyo Guverinoma yerekeje.
Kugeza mu 1919, umwarimu yari igizwe n'ishyaka rya Cadet, yubahirije ibitekerezo byo kwishyira ukizana-demokarasi. Muri ubu butaka yagombaga kuva mu Burusiya nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa 1917. Muri Gicurasi 1918, Vernadsky yimukiye muri Ukraine yerekeza muri Ukraine, aho yateguye maze aba umuyobozi wa mbere w'ishuri rya siyansi ya Ukraine, yigishije muri kaminuza ya Tavriche ya Leta ya Tavriche.
Mu 1921, Vernadsky yasubiye muri Petrogra. Vladimir Ivanovich yerekeje muri Meteor Miniumu Ingoro ya Minerelogiya kandi itegura urugendo rw'urugendo rwo kugwa kwa Tungusiriya. Byasaga naho ubuzima bwateje imbere, kandi umuhanga azongera gushobora kwiyegurira siyanse. Muri uwo mwaka, Vernadsky yarafashwe arashinjwaga ubutaba, ariko nyuma arereka icyaha cyo kurindwa burundu: Abanyeshuri bagenzi bawe ba Carpinsky na Openburg bohereje Lenin na Lunacharsky.
Mu gihe cya 1922 kugeza 1926, Porofeseri yasomye ibiganiro mu Bufaransa, muri kaminuza ya Paris, hanyuma i Prague. Muri icyo gihe, umunyeshuri ushinzwe isomo yashoboye gutegura ibitabo n'ingingo:
- "Geichemu";
- "Kubaho ibintu muri biosphere";
- "Ubumuntu bw'imodoka."
Mu 1926, gusubira i Leningrad, umuhanga aba umuyobozi w'ikigo cya radiyo, kandi mu 1928 - laboratoire nshya yashizweho. Mu myaka itandukanye, Vernadsky yayoboye imiryango ya siyansi yagira uruhare mu myitozo ya Freezes zihoraho, amazi yo mu mazi, imyaka y'ubutaka, igihe cy'ibinyabuzima. Mu 1940, mu ishuri berekeje komisiyo ya Uranium, mubyukuri, kuba uwashinze gahunda ya kirimbuzi ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.
Noosphere
Nk'uko byatanganye na Vernadsky, biosphere ni gahunda yemewe, yiterambere kandi itunganijwe. Ishirahamwe ryayo rigomba kubera kwimuka ibintu by'imiti byatewe n'inkomoko nyamukuru y'ubuzima, imbaraga z'izuba. Sisitemu imwe y'ibidukikije ibidukikije igizwe na biosphere muganira nabandi ba geogramu.
Buhoro buhoro, umuhanga yaje kumushinga no kugena igitekerezo cya noosphere, nkumwe wahinduwe nkigisubizo cyingaruka zabantu kuri biosphere. Vernadsky yizeraga ibikorwa byubwenge byabantu bose, ntabwo byanga kunyurwa gusa kubyo bakeneye, ahubwo byanategerejwe no gushyiraho uburinganire bwa kamere, ubushakashatsi muri kamere, ubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byisi kurwego rukwiye.
Ejo hazaza h'abantu yabonye umuhanga mu bushobozi bubi bubishoboye, ukurikije guhanga no guhanga udushya. Umuntu ahindura ubutaka, ayoborwa n'amategeko ya biosphere, hanyuma akarere kwose, isi kama, ihujwe kandi igatera imbere muri kasheri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1886, Vernadsky yahambiriye kurongora hamwe na Natalia Egorovna Stotanitsky. Abashakanye babaga mu bugingo bwagatandatu atandatu, kugeza ku rupfu rwa Natalia Egorovna mu 1943.
Babyaranye abana babiri, nyuma y'abapfuye mu mahindu: George, wabaye umuhanga mu by'amateka uzwi, na Nina, wakoraga nk'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe.
Urupfu
Umwanya wa Vladimir Ivanovich yapfuye ashyingurwa i Qazaqistan, aho umuryango wabayeho mugihe cyo kwimura. Velnky ubwe amaze gupfa nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we yasubiye i Moscou, aho yapfiriye muri Mutarama 1945 nyuma y'ubwonko.
Ubuzima bw'umuhanga watanze umusanzu utagereranywa mu kirusiya, Ubumenyi bw'Uburusiya nubuhamya bwumucyo bwubushobozi bwakazi budasubirwaho, gukurura ubumenyi nubuhanga bwimbuga. Vernadsky yafunguye iki? Umuhanga yazanye kandi ateganya amategeko y'ibikorwa bya geclical by'ibinyabuzima biri muri biosphere, byateje imbere inyigisho za biosprore hamwe n'inda ubwihindurize muri Nosphere.
Bibliografiya
Peru Umuhanga afite ingingo zirenga 700 za siyansi. Mubitabo bigezweho, urashobora kwisanga hamwe nibi bikurikira:
- Vernadsky, V.N. yakusanyije imirimo: Muri toni 24 (2013);
- Vernadsky, V. I. Ibitekerezo bya filozofiya ya Natugulist (1988);
- Vernadsky, V.N. Igitekerezo cya siyansi nkikintu cicomenori (1991);
- Vernadsky, V.i. Biosphere na Noospheresa. (2012);
- Vernadsky, V.N. Kuri siyanse. Ingano 1. ubumenyi bwa siyansi. Guhangana kwa siyansi. Igitekerezo cya siyansi. (1997).