Ubuzima
Ku ya 14 Kamena 1928, mu gihe cya gatatu kinini muri Arijantine, umujyi wa Rosario wavutse ari Umuhungu Ernesto Guara, akarengane mu mateka nk'umunyapolitiki, impinduramatwara.
Che Guevara (Pierce-Nickname "Che" yakoreshejwe na Ernest hagamijwe kwerekana societe ku mizi na Arijantine kandi icyarimwe, ubuzima buhanitse, butuma abantu ba ibihugu bitandukanye.
Impinduramatwara impinduramatwara yavukiye mumuryango wa buruge. Se yari umwubatsi, kandi nyina ni ukomoka ku bahingwa. Inkomoko y'abashakanye ifitanye isano na colaces ya arpentine (abimukira b'Abanyaburayi), ariko no mu muryango wa Che Guevara na Creolev bava muri Californiya.
Ku ikubitiro, ababyeyi b'ejo hazaza baza babaga i Buenos Aires, bamaze kwimurwa kwa Lisonee, aho Sea yarazungura guhingwa. Kugerageza kwinjiza ubuvugishije ukuri kandi neza, kwishyura abakozi bashinzwe imishahara, muri iyo minsi, bitangaje "mubashinzwe kurakara, bateje uburakari bukabije kubanywanyi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuryango wa Ernesto wagombaga kujya muri Rosario, aho umuhungu wabo yavukiye.
Abandi bana kandi barerewe mu muryango wa Guevary - bashiki bacu babiri (Selia na Anna na Maria) na barumuna be (Roberto na Juberto na Juan-Martin). N'ubwo imyaka igoye, ikibazo cy'ubukungu mu gihugu, abana b'Umuryango wubatswe bahawe amashuri makuru nyuma.
Tete (Reta rero Che Guevar mubana) yari umwana ubabaza. Igihe yari afite imyaka ibiri, yahuye n'indwara igoye, asima ya bronchial, agerageza kurwanya ubuzima bwe bw'ubumwe. Ababyeyi ba Ernesto bahisemo kwimukira ahantu hashya ho gushakira ikirere cyiza ku mwana wabo.
Mu ntara ya Cordoba ni imyaka y'abana ya Che Guevara. Kubera uburwayi bwe, umuhungu ntiyashoboraga kujya mwishuri igihe runaka hamwe na bagenzi be, ariko basanzwe bafite imyaka ine yize gusoma.
Ernesto yarangije amashuri yisumbuye muri Alta-graysia, yahise yinjira muri kaminuza. Nyuma yo kurangira (1945), umuganga uzaza yahisemo kuba umuganga, ahamagarira kaminuza muri kaminuza yubuvuzi muri buenos Aires. Muri kaminuza, Che Guevara yabonye umuganga wihariye ubaga hamwe na dematologue.
Dukurikije amakuru ya biografiya, umusore ukiri muto yari ashishikajwe no kutagira imiti gusa, ahubwo ashishikajwe no ku bundi bumenyi.
Igitekerezo gikomeye cyatanzwe ku musore Ernesto akora imirimo ya Lenin, Marx, Bakunun, n'abandi. Trantorite y'abahanga. Che Guevara yari afite kandi igifaransa, yari azi ibisigo byinshi, yishora mu nyandiko imirongo ye.
Asima yahungabanijwe na Guevar, ariko ntiyamubujije muri siporo. Mu myaka y'ubuto, Ernesto yashyizwe ku rugendo rw'umupira w'amaguru, yishimiye gusura club y'ifarashi, yari afite ubumenyi bwiza muri Golf, kandi na we yagendanye n'umururumba ku igare. Mu biography ya Cuban Worker, amakuru yari yarazigamye uko umusore Che Guevara yagejeje umugeni we photo by subscribing ku "umwami pedal" ku.
Ingendo
Guhera Ernesto yatangiye mu busore bwe. Nkumunyeshuri wa kaminuza, yahisemo kwisuzuma umusare, amaze guha akazi ubwato bwimizigo (1950). Yasuye rero Giani y'Ubwongereza, yewe. Trinidad. Byongeye kandi, Che Guevara yabaye umunyamuryango wo kwiyamamaza kwa Miburoni yamamaza, yasabye umusore ku mpugerezo z'umusaruro wacyo.
Kugira ngo umenye isi, ibitekerezo bishya bya Ernesto byasuye ibihugu bitandukanye. Ahantu hashimishije yabwiye umusore hamwe na mugenzi we wizerwa - Alberto Granado (boochemsie). Hamwe na we, yagenze muri Chili, Peru, imigi ya kera yo mu Buhinde, n'ibindi.
Ikibazo kivuka aho umunyeshuri ukiri muto yari afite amafaranga murugendo? Abafatanyabikorwa bahawe muburyo butandukanye: bakoraga bakorera mu bucuruzi, ibisamanya ibyombo mu kaga, batanze serivisi z'amatungo, n'ibindi rimwe na rimwe byarangije mu ishyamba cyangwa mu murima.
Mu gihe kimwe mu ngendo muri Kolombiya, Che Guevara yabonye amahano yatwikiriye igihugu mu gihe cy'intambara y'abenegihugu. Muri yo buhoro buhoro yazunguye imiterere y'impinduramatwara.
Kugenda ahantu heza cyane Ernesto mu nyigisho zibangikanye, maze mu 1952 yashoboye kurinda bihagije impamyabumenyi ku ndwara ya allergisi. Igihe yabonaga umunyabucuruzi yihariye, amaherezo yohereje "Exezuwela, aho ubusa bwafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura inzira, asiga ababatozo, atwara muri Guatemala.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Che Guevara, yagombaga kujya mu gisirikare, ariko umusore yahisemo kujya mu mayeri, atera nkana igitero cya Asima ya bronchial kiri mu mubiri we.
Ugeze muri Guatemala muri Repubulika, intambara, igisasu cya Leta muri Amerika yo Hagati Hakobo (Abasosiyali) banze kuba bafite ububasha, maze abasosiyali bashya banze kuba abahanga mu Amerika, bayoboye Uwiteka Gutotezwa no gukandamizwa kw'abaturage bijyanye n'icyiciro cy'ibitekerezo by'ibumoso.
Rero, Che Guevara yinjiye mu mugezi w'imirwano. Yafashaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bushya mu gutwara intwaro, bafashijwe n'umuriro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abasosiyari bazize, kandi Abanya Ari ya Arijantine baguye mu mubare w'abagizi ba nabi b'igihugu, bari biteganijwe ko bazahana no gukandamiza kubera ubuhemu.
Ernesto yahatiwe kwiruka. Ambasade y'ikirere kavukire yabaye ubuhungiro, maze mu 1954 Guevara yimukiye gutura mu mujyi wa Mexico. Hano yagerageje gukora nkumunyamakuru, umufotozi, umuzamu, ashakisha ibice bidasanzwe.
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Ernesto yashakanye n'umukobwa yahuye na Guatemala - Ilda Gada. Nyuma yigihe gito, Che Guevara yatuye mu bitaro byaho. Mu 1955, inshuti ye ya kera yaje i Ernesta. Umusore yaje kuba impinduramatwara ya Cuba. Inama idasanzwe yararangiye kandi icyifuzo cya Ernesto cyo kuba umwe mu bagize umutwe w'impinduramatwara urwanya umunyagitugu wa Cuba maze ujye mu kirwa cya Karayibe. Utiriwe utekereza kuva kera, Argentine irabyemeye.
Imyuka ya Cuba
Muri Nyakanga 1955, Umuvandimwe mukuru Ernesto yageze mu mujyi wa Mexico wo muri Amerika - Fidel Castro. Hamwe na hamwe babaye abayobozi nyamukuru b'imigendekere yegereje muri Cuba.
Kwitegura impinduramatwara byateye ibibazo kubitabiriye. Kubera ko yatembaga amakuru y'ibanga, Che na Fidel bafashwe, ariko barokoka no kurengera imibare n'umuco. Guevara yatejwe imbere muri gereza iminsi 57, na nyuma yisomeka ryigitekerezo.
Gutandukanya impinduramatwara yavuye muri Mexico maze bajya muri Cuba. Ubwato bw'ubwato bwabaye ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 1956. Mu nyanja, Ernesto n'abamushyigikiye bo ubwato bwabo ubwato, baguye munsi y'ikibazo cy'indege z'inzego z'ibanze. Abagabo barapfuye, abandi barafatwa. Che Guevara kandi izindi mpinduramatwara ibaye abashaka.
Akaga kari gaca habaye aho gihe cyahoraga kibera Ernesto, muri Parmeyo yagabanije igitero cya malariya. Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, impinduramatwara ikiri nto yasomye byinshi, yanditse ibikorwa bye, yayoboye ikarita yawe.
Mu 1957, inyeshyamba zashoboye kwigarurira uturere tumwe na hamwe za Cuba (imisozi minini ya Siyera Maest), abasirikare bashya batangiye kugaragara - abashyigikiye mu muhanda n'abatavuga rumwe na batiri.
Hanyuma Ernesto yakiriye igikombe cy'intambara "Companante" maze ayobora ubukoloni kuva ku barwanyi 75. Icyarimwe hamwe n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya Guevara byatumye poropagande ikora ihagarariwe n'umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru "ubuntu bwa Cuba".
Impinduramatwara yafashe igipimo kinini. Abasabana bashizeho isanobukomunisiti bo muri Cuba, bimuriwe mu gitero cyagabwe mu turere tw'ibibaya byaho. Ingabo zagezweho na Mascamb ya Escamba, na nyuma ya Guevara yashizweho muri Las Villas.
Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara, inyeshyamba zakoze ivugurura rinini rishyigikiye abahinzi bahisemo gushyigikira impinduramatwara mu mirwano. Ku rugamba rwa Santa Clara (1 Mutarama 1959), ingabo za Conandante ziratsinze, Batista iva mu Cuba, yimuka mu kindi gihugu.
Kumenyekana n'icyubahiro
Umuyobozi w'inyeshyamba yahawe ibyamamare ku isi, mu 1959 Ernesti yabaye umuturage wa Cuba akurikije itegeko rya FIDL Castro guverinoma.
Nka minisitiri w'inganda, Che yagiye mu ruzinduko ku isi. Yasuye Pakisitani, muri Birmaniya, Ubuyapani n'indi turere.
Ibikurikira, Che Guevar yagombaga kongera kurwana. Umubano wa Amerika na guverinoma ya Cuba warangiritse. Ikirwa cy'umudendezo cyahindutse ahantu h'igitero cy'umwanzi, igikorwa cyo kurwanya ibirwanya cyari kiyobowe na Ernesto. Abanyamerika bazimiye, gahunda yabo yarananiranye.
Mu mibereho ye yose, Cheda Guevara yigaruriwe imirimo ya Leta, yakorewemo imvugo rusange (amagambo), yakurikizaga amahame yacyo, rimwe na rimwe ndetse yinjira mu makimbirane. Igihe kimwe, Ernesto yahisemo kuva muri Cuba, afata imyanzuro. Yandikiye amabaruwa y'ababyeyi na Fathel asigaje asiga Repubulika (Isoko 1965).
Gueva yagiye muri Congo, aho muri iyo myaka ikibazo gikomeye cya politiki. Ernesto n'ingabo nto za Cuba yafashijwe mu migendekere y'inyeshyamba z'abasosiyalisiti.
Impinduramatwara azwi yasangiye uburambe bw'intambara, yagize uruhare rugaragara muri revolution. Yafashaga kugera ku buryo bwumvikanye kubasosiyaliste, ariko intego zashyizweho mbere ntabwo zatsinze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, itsinda ryavuye muri Kongo. Ahantu hakurikiraho ibikorwa bye byari Afrika (Aumpem 1965).
Hano Ernesto ararwara malariya, ibitero bya asima. Che Guevara yagiye kwivuza muri Repubulika ya Sanatori, ahubwo aguma ahantu hatuje, ntabwo yahagaritse gutegura ingendo nshya.
Mu 1966, yasubiye muri Cuba kugira ngo ayobore itsinda rya Partisan muri Boliviya. Yabaye iterabwoba nyaryo kuri CIA, kubera ubwicanyi bw'impinduramatwara, guverinoma y'umwanzi yatangaje ko guhembwa. Mu ifasi ya Boliviya Gueva yabayeho amezi 11.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwa mbere rwa GUEVA rwateje imbere mubyara we Carmen. Umukobwa asenze kubyina kuruta umwangavu ukunyuzwe cyane.
Mu busore bwe, umunyeshuri w'umuganga Ernesto yakundaga n'umukobwa wo mu muryango ukize i Cardoba. Amaboko ye yagendaga, ariko arasa hanze na tramp, ntabwo yashoboye kwinjira muruziga rwa ba nyir'ubutaka. Ubukwe ntibwabaye, kuko Nyina wa Mariya yemeje umukobwa we kwangiza gusezerana.
Ubuzima bwose bwa Gievary bwabereye mu rugamba kugira ngo yigitekerezo cy'umudendezo n'uburinganire bw'abaturage basanzwe, bityo urukundo rw'abagore ruva mu mpinduramatwara ruba rusa n'intambara n'intambara. Duhereye ku ishyingiranwa rya mbere hamwe na Ilda Akoshta (yashyingiwe muri Mexico, yahuye na Guatemala), ibyo umukobwa yavutse. Abashakanye bita umukobwa ildid. Hariho igitekerezo umugore wa mbere yateje inyungu muri politiki yo muri hevara.
Mu gihe cy'intambara, se yanditse akora ku mabaruwa y'umukobwa we akora ku mutima. Umuryango wacitse mu myaka ine ubuzima bugoye buratandukanye.
Mu 1959, Che Gueva yongeye gushyingirwa. Umugore we wa kabiri aba umukobwa ALAD urugendo, na we wari umukinnyi mu mutwe w'impinduramatwara muri Cuba. Umubano wabo wahambiriwe mbere yo gutandukana kwimpinduramatwara hamwe na Ilda. Igitekerezo cyunze ubumwe cyabashakanye cyavutse abana bane.
Ntabwo bizwi ku rukundo rwa nyuma rwa Ernesto - Persan Thane. Umugore wa Arijantine yamwigiyeho nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we.
Urupfu
Ernesto guswera, Ernesto yatubajwe cyane. Yanze kumenyesha abapolisi, maze ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1967, Che Guevar yararashwe. Umurambo we wirukanwe washyizwemo abantu bose basubiramo. Amaguru amwe y'inyeshyamba yashyinguwe mu mva. Ibisigazwa byavumbuwe mu 1997 gusa.
"Agashusho ka Revolution" Ernesto Guevar yeguriwe indirimbo. Filime nyinshi zarashwe ku buzima bwe ("IBIKORWA CY'UMUNTU", "cha", "Ukuboko kwa cha gevara", nibindi), videwo y'ibibanza, gahunda.
Uyu munsi, T-shati hamwe nishusho yintwari ni prototype yumwuka wimpinduramatwara, kubaha umuyobozi ukomeye. Ku ya 8 Ukwakira, ibiruhuko kuri Pertican yintwari yizihijwe cyane kuri Cuba, yari Ernesta.
Amagambo
Niba utangiye guhinda umushyitsi kuri buri karengane, noneho uri cobera. Guceceka ni ugukomeza gutongana nubundi buryo. Agahinda kutagira inshuti, ariko ntigifite abanzi.Filmography
- "Che!" -1969
- "Che Guevara: IBIKORWA BY'AKARERE" - 2004
- "Che" - 2005
- "Amaboko Che Guevara" - 2006
- "Che" - 2008