Ubuzima
Semen Dejnev - Edraivel, Cossack ataman, uzwi cyane kubushakashatsi bwayo bwa Siberiya.
Deznev yavutse ahagana mu 1605, nubwo abahanga mu by'amateka nta nyandiko zemeza iki kintu. Ku bijyanye n'ahantu havutse, imbuto ya Ivanovich nayo nta bwumvikane. Benshi mu binya biografiya bishingikiriza ko Dejnev, kimwe n'andi mafaranga menshi (Vasily Poyartov, Vladimir Khabarov, Vladimir Atlasov, Vladimir Atlasov) yavukiye muri veliky uttug. Muri uyu mujyi uyu munsi ni urwibutso rwa Dezhnevu.
Ariko, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ku mugezi wa Pinege mu karere ka ArkHengelsk mu kinyejana cya 16 (cyangwa mbere yaho), Abahinzi-Pomori DJNEV, bakekwaho, abavandimwe bo mu mbuto za Ataman babayeho.
Deznev yavukiye mu muryango w'abahinzi boroheje na Svrzlism yoroheje kandi yinjiye mu kazi gatandukanye kandi ikomeye: Yajyanye n'ababyeyi be mu bukorikori, yize gutunga intwaro, yashoboraga gushiraho ibikoresho byo kuroba, yamenyesheje urufatiro rwo kubaka ubwabuto.
Gutembera
Mu 1630, bashakishije abantu buntu kugira ngo bakorere muri Siberiya. Muri Tobolsk, abagabo 500 barasabwa, muri bo baguye na Dezhnev. Ingingo yo gushinga interineti, yoherejwe mu mpande za kure cyane ni uttug.
Hamwe n'ahantu hakusanyije mu majyaruguru ya Dali, abagabo boherejwe kubera iyo mpamvu zitandukanye: benshi bashishikajwe no kuba umuvumbuzi, abandi bamenyereye ibyabaye ku butunzi bwa Siberiya. Abantu hafi ya bose bizeye ko serivisi izabazanira ubutunzi.
Serivisi mu 1630-1638. Muri Tobolsk na Yeniseisk, aho imbuto za Ivanovich bimuriwe nyuma, nyuma waje kuba inshuti mu kwiga no guteza imbere uturere dushya.
Mu 1639, Deznev yerekanye ubushobozi budashyira mu gaciro ka ortuty, atsinda igicanwa cyigomeke cya Sacha, wanze kwishyura Yasak (umusoro kamere) ku bayobozi b'Uburusiya, nubwo hari amasezerano yuburusiya, nubwo hari amasezerano yuburusiya, nubwo hari amasezerano yuburusiya, nubwo amasezerano yuburusiya. Inkoni eshatu z'ubutwari zoherejwe muri iyi Sakai zari zica. Deznev yagerageje kandi kwirinda kumena amaraso, kwigana umubano mwiza n'umwamikazi - nk'igisubizo, harasohozwa.
Mu 1641, mu bantu 14, bayobowe na Mikhail Stadukhina, Dezhnev yagiye kuri OyMyakon kugira ngo akusanyirize imyenda kuva na shes na Yakuts. Ibyinshi byanditswe kuri Stadkin no Gutandukana kwabo na Dejno, kandi muri Filime y'Abasoviyeti 1984 "Semen Dezhnev" Mikhailo na na gato igaragara ku bareba hamwe na badler yahawe akazi. Ariko ntiwibagirwe ko stadin yari imico idasanzwe, kandi umusanzu wacyo wavumbuye Uburusiya ni ntagereranywa.
Kuba narakoze inzira itoroshye binyuze mu misozi miremire ya Verkhoyansky iraza mu ruzi rwa PerKigir, umutware wa Stadukhina yumvise avuye mu ruzi rw'umugezi wa Kovya (Kolyma). Kumanuka mu Butari bwo, Abagenzi bo mu nyanja bashinjwaga ku munwa w'uruzi rutangaje, bavumbura.
Mu 1647, Deznev yagizwe urugendo rwerekanaga urugendo rwa Alekseeva (Popova cyangwa Holmogorz), ariko kugerageza koga ku nkombe za Chukotka ntibyatsinzwe.
Muri Kamena 1648, Dezhnev na Alekseev bafata urugendo rwa kabiri rwo kugerageza: Kuva mu kanwa ka Kolya kuri Kochy (amato yo gufata amajwi), abashakashatsi bafashe ubwato bajya mu kanwa ka Anadyr, kuruta "gutandukanya umugabane wa Aziya na Amerika". Birashimishije kubona Popov yagiye gutembera hamwe numugore we-Yakutka, wabaye umugore wa mbere mugihugu, witabiriye urugo rwa Pola.
Cape mu kimenyetso, abagenzi bagenda kandi bise "izuru rinini ryamabuye", ni ryo joro rikabije rya Aziya - nyuma ryitwa Cape ya Dezhnev. Hariho igitekerezo cy'uko semen Ivanovich yageze muri Alaska, yashoboye rwose umusare.
Abantu bagera kuri 90 bitabiriye ubukangurambaga, benshi muri bo bapfiriye mu muhengeri mwinshi. Ubwato bwa Popova bwatwaye ku nkombe ya Kamchatka, aho nyuma y'imvura ebyiri umucuruzi yapfuye azize Zing. Ku ya 1 Ukwakira, morelodes 24 isigaye, Deznev yaguye mu majyepfo y'umunwa wa Anadyr ageze mu kanwa k'uruzi. Nyuma, Deznev yashyizeho igishushanyo cya Anadyr, asobanurwa mu buryo burambuye ko koga ku ruzi na kamere y'akarere maze abibwira Eskimos abaho ku nkombe z'igice cya Chukotka no mu birwa bituranye.
Nyuma yimyaka 11 kuri Anadyr, mu kugwa kwa 1650, Deznev yagerageje kugerageza kunanirwa kugera kumugezi wa Penzhina (akarere ka Kamchatka) asubira inyuma. Nyuma yimyaka umwe nigice, Dejnev yafunguye igiciro kinini cyo mu nyanja kitari gito (Corgi) mukarere ka Anadyr. Umusaruro w'amagufwa wa Walrus wari isoko ikomeye y'amafaranga, udashobora kuvugwa ku bwenge.
Mu 1654, imibereho ya Ivanovich yazumijwe hamwe n'ubukangurambaga bubiri - ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka ba Chukotka) na Koryakov (abasangwabutaka ba Kamchatka). Mugihe cyo guhungabana hamwe na Dezhnev, akubita icyuma mu gatuza. Urugendo rwa kabiri rwabaye ngombwa, kubera ko Koryaki yahisemo Walrusse kuri "Corge y'Uburusiya", ihinduka abanywanyi bataziguye.
Kuva mu 1662, Dezhnev yakoze ingendo eshatu: kuva Yakutsk kugera Moscou n'inyuma, hanyuma nyuma yimyaka 4 yongeye ku murwa mukuru, uhereye aho umushakashatsi atagarutse.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Deznev yari atazi gusoma no kwandika, bityo abandi bantu bamwandikiye igitimwe kuri we - basabwe Ataman nibiba ngombwa.
Yakuruya hari abagore benshi b'Abarusiya, bityo abatware bakunze gushaka ikoti. Dejnev rero yashakanye kabiri - abo bashakanye bombi bari ikoti. Umugore wa mbere wa Navigator yabaye Abaiwa Sichu, wamuhaye umuhungu w'umukunzi we - nyuma yaho yakoreye iwatiyo ya Yakutkaya. Birashoboka, Dejnev yazanye Hiku kuva kumugezi wa Yana cyangwa yakomokaga muri Lensky Yakuts. Nta makuru yukuri kuri ibi. Birazwi ko mbere yo kugenda kwashakanye mu gikorwa cyakurikiyeho, Abasayday barabatijwe na padiri waho maze bakira izina rya orotodogisi.
Abicayda, biragaragara ko yamaze gupfa igihe Dezynev yagarutse avuye i Moscou mu 1666, nuko nyir'ubutaka ajyana n'umugore we umupfakazi w'umucuzi wavuyemo, ya mbere. Umugore yari ushaje, mu bubano bwe bwa mbere yari afite umuhungu Osip. Muri iyo minsi y'umupfakazi vuba, ashakanye arahaguruka, nubwo imyaka n'abana.
Umurage uva kuri umwijima wakomeje imitungo itimukanwa - Bembol ku kirwa hafi ya Yakutsk. Dezhnev yiyemeje kwita ku bakozi no gukurikiza ubukungu. Mu mubano wa kabiri, umuhungu wa Athanasius yavukiye mu mbuto ya Ivanovich, nyuma yaho, kimwe na se, yakoreye ANADYR. Pelagya runaka ivugwa mu nyandiko zitandukanye - abahanga mu by'amateka bizeza ko ibyo bitavuga ku mugore wa gatatu wa Dezhnev. Pelagiya - izina rya gikristo, ryahawe igitonyanga mugihe cyo kubatizwa.
Birashoboka, Dejnev, kimwe n'abakozi benshi, tubikesha abagore ya yakut kandi bene wabo bashoboraga kwiyemeza mu rurimi rwabo, byamufashaga kwiyamamaza.
Urupfu
Mu 1671, nyuma ya serivisi ikurikira, Deznev yagiye i Moscou. Ariko, imyaka myinshi yo gupimisha cyane nubukonje ninzara, gutembera cyane mu gihe cy'itumba n'izuba, ndetse n'ibikomere byinshi byateje ubuzima bw'imbuto za Ivanovich. Mu murwa mukuru, yari arembye cyane, ntidushobora gusubira i Yakitia.
I Moscou, umushakashatsi yabayeho hafi y'umwaka no mu ntangiriro za 1673 arapfa - ibi byavuzwe mu gitabo cy '"igitabo kidodo" cy'umushahara wa Yakutsk. Igihe Dezhnev yari afite imyaka 70, nka mirongo itanu muri bo yamaze mu koga no kwiyamamaza.
Aho umurambo wa ataman uruhutse, ntikiramenyekana. Mu kinyejana cya 17, i Moscou, ntabwo byafashwe kugira ngo binjire iruhande rw'amabuye manini - yashyinguwe iruhande rw'amatorero ya paruwasi, kandi mu murwa mukuru hari insengero nyinshi.
Gufungura no kugerwaho
- yafunguye uruzi rwa Kolma;
- yafunguye ibintu bidasanzwe bitandukanye mu migabane ibiri;
- Iya mbere yanyuze mu nyanja ya Arctique iri hatuje;
- Yafunguye uruzi rwa Anadyr yiga ikidendezi cye;
- Yize hejuru ya Aziya.