Ubuzima
Martin Luther King ni ishusho ikomeye ya Amerika, umukinnyi urwanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nubwisanzure. Umuvugizi wa none yabaye umukiza w'iheburo ry'itiriwe Isi, kandi ibitekerezo byayo byabaye ishingiro ry'umuryango ugezweho. Uyu mugabo yabaye igishushanyo cyigihugu cyo kurwanya amacakubiri muri Amerika, kandi nigitekerezo cye kubantu bo ku isi bemera.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ikinyejana cya 20 mu Burayi. Nubwo ubucakara bwahagaritswe mu Kuboza 1865 bitewe n'intambara y'abenegihugu, imyifatire ku gice cy'abaturage mu muryango w'ibanze ntabwo byahindutse, kuko Leta ku rwego rw'amategeko ntacyo yakoze kugira ngo irinde abantu b'umwijima.
Ibara ryahagaritswe mu burenganzira kandi rifatwa nk'abantu ba kabiri. Ntibashoboraga kubona akazi gasanzwe kandi bambuwe uburenganzira bwo guhitamo. Muri Amerika, nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu, amategeko agenga John Crowe, akurikije ayo mabara menshi adashobora guhagarara kuri par hamwe numuzungu. Abantu batewe n'abaturage b'amabara byibuze agace gato k'amaraso ya Negro.
Muri iki gihe, Martin Luther King yavutse ku ya 15 Mutarama 1929, Martin Luther King yavukiye mu mujyi wa Atlanta, uherereye muri Jeworujiya, ari mu majyepfo ya Amerika. Mu majyepfo, abantu benshi ba Nebro bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati cyibanze.
Se wa Martin Luther umwami Martin Luther King yari umushumba mu rusengero rw'Ababatisita, kandi Mama Albert Wiriams umwami mu rukwe yakoraga akazi ko gukora umwarimu. Umuyobozi w'umuryango wahamagawe na Mikayeli, ariko ahindura izina izina rye n'izina ry'Umwana afite imyaka 6.
Martin Jr. yari umwana wa kabiri mu muryango, kandi kutavuga ko abami babayeho nabi: umuryango w'abami b'akatara kazoza ko bari mu ishuri hejuru y'ikigereranyo kandi babaga mu majyambere.
King yarerewe mu kirere gikomeye kandi cy'amadini, kubera imyitwarire idahwitse ababyeyi rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ibihano byumubiri. Ariko Martin mukuru na Albert Williams bagerageje kurinda umuhungu we urwango rwaharanira ivangura.
Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 6, inshuti ye yakinnye na we mu gikari, mu buryo butunguranye, yavuze ko nyina atakwemera kuba inshuti na Martin, kuko ari we wirabura. Nyuma y'ibintu bibaye Albert, Williams yagerageje guhumuriza umuhungu maze avuga ko Martin atimerewe n'abandi.
Igihe kigisha yujuje imyaka 10, yaririmbye muri korari y'itorero ry'Ababatisita. Muri icyo gihe, Atlanta yari premiere ya firime "yagiye n'umuyaga", kandi korari yagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa.
Umunyapolitiki uzaza yatunganijwe mu mwaka, Martin Luther King hamwe n'icyubahiro yize mu ishuri rya Negro. Umuhungu ntiyagombaga kurangiza amasomo 9 na 12, nkuko yigenga yize terriculum yishuri yinjira muri kaminuza ya Morhau hanze mumyaka 15. Mu 1944, Martin abaye uwatsinze amarushanwa y'abavuga, yabereye muri Jeworujiya mu baturage b'amabara.
Ahantu hashya ho kwiga, Umwami yinjiye mu "shyirahamwe ry'igihugu iterambere ryamabara Puppotes" kandi akamenya ko kurwanya ivanguramoko bakora nk'uruhu rw'umuyaga.
Mu 1948, Martin arangirira kaminuza kandi ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'impagarara za sociologiya. Nkumunyeshuri, Martin Luther King afasha Se rwitorero rya eBEseker. Ku kazi k'umwami, umubare rusange wa rubanda wari umushyitsi kenshi: mu 1947, umusore yemeye umufasha wa San mu Itorero.
Umunyapolitiki akomeje kwiga muri Seminari ya Tewolojiya ya Procinari ya Tewolojiya mu mujyi wa Chester, iherereye muri Pennsylvania. Ngaho, impinduramatwara izaza yakira urwego rwa Dr. Tewolojiya mu 1951, ariko akomeza amasomo ye mu ishuri rya Boston urangije Boston arangije kandi mu 1955 yakira impamyabumenyi ya Ph.d ..
Ibikorwa
Mwaminn Luther King yagiye mu kirenge cya se na Sogokuru, maze mu 1954 umunyapolitiki aba umushumba mu rusengero rw'abatiza. Mubuzima bwose, umugabo yashimangiraga ibitekerezo byubwisanzure nuburinganire bwabantu. UMWAMI yari afite ubushobozi buhebuje bwa omertoity, boherejwe munzira nziza.
Martin yari atagize uruhare rugaragara muri Netwophal, ariko mu 1955 yabaye umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry'iterambere muri Monntomery.
Martin Luther King yerekeza muriycott imirongo ya bisi muri Montgomery. Nk'uko amasezerano adasanzwe, abagenzi bamabara badafite uburenganzira bwo kwigarurira imirongo ine yambere ya bisi ya bisi, yari igenewe abenegihugu. Nanone, bamwe mu bashoferi ba bisi bitwaye nta kamaro kandi bemerewe gutukana Abanyamerika. Umukinnyi mukuru wumukara Rosa Park yanze gutanga umuntu "ufite amahirwe", yatawe muri yombi nabapolisi baho. Kandi iyi ntabwo arirwo rwambere rwubushobozi rusange, muri Reta zunzubumwe zabaturage, muri Reta zunzubumwe zabaturage, muri Reta zunzubumwe za Leta zaho habaye imyitozo yacyo kenshi. Umushoferi wa bisi ntiyabangamiye ikintu na kimwe, kabone niyo yaba yarashe umugenzi wumunyamerika.
Martin Luther King, ntabwo ahuza n'iki kibazo rusange, yateguye umwenda udahuriye n'ubwikorezi, aho uruhu rwijimye. Imyigaragambyo yamaze iminsi irenga, 382. Amabara yanze kugenda mu bwikorezi rusange, agenda n'amaguru ahamagara umudendezo n'uburinganire. Rimwe na rimwe, imodoka zo muri Amerika zitwara imyenda yabo, ariko ntibakoresha mu bwikorezi rusange. Abantu bagera ku bihumbi bagera kuri 6 bitabiriye ububiko.
Igikorwa kirekire cyagenze neza, mu 1957, guverinoma y'ikirenga Amerika yafashe icyemezo cy'uko hatita uburenganzira bw'abaturage muri Amerika, kandi igihe gitangaza amafoto n'ibiganiro na Martin ku gipfukisho.
Ntabwo abantu bose bashyigikiye umwami, mugihe cyo kwigaragambyaga bwaragerageje inshuro nyinshi, kandi bagerageza no kuvuza inzu. Umwaminint Luther King yabaye ubwoko bw'amabara, ndetse n'ikimenyetso cy'urugamba ku buringanire n'ubwisanzure n'uburenganzira. Kubaho wahimbwe n'umwami, uburyo bwo kumenyesha abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi Martin Luther King yahawe igihembo cy'amahoro y'itiriwe Nobel.
Nanone Umwami yakusanyije imyigaragambyo yo kwigaragaza kwamashya. Rero, mu 1962, Martin yinjiye mu bakristu "umuryango wa Alabamiya ku burenganzira bwa muntu." Umwami yashishikarije kwitabira imyigaragambyo y'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza bagiye gutenguha. Nubwo Martin Luther King, Martin Luther King yari afite kamere yubukazi, abapolisi babujije imyigaragambyo yimyigaragambyo, abanyeshuri bigaragambyaga imbwa zakomokaga. Martin umwami ubwe yakorewe inshuro nyinshi.
Mu 1962, kaminuza ya Mississippi yemeye umunyeshuri wirabura James Meredith, wabaye ibara rya mbere binjiye mu kigo cy'uburezi. Muri Reta zunzubumwe zabayemo harimo abo dukorana mu ibara, bitari bafite uburenganzira bwo kwiga kuri par hamwe numweru.
Ryari itera imbere muri societe ya Amerika, ariko ntabwo abantu bose bemeye kwiyandikisha kwabanyamerika muri kaminuza za kaminuza zumvikanye n'urwikerere rushingiye ku moko kandi bakora ku muhanda ku banyeshuri babiri b'abirabura.
Martin yarwanije icyubahiro n'icyubahiro cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi akomeza urugamba rurerure rwo gutandukanya.
Ariko kuzamurwa buzwi cyane byazanye icyamamare gikomeye, cyabaye mu 1963 na wagutse Markin ya politiki ya Martin. Abaturage bagera ku 300 ba Amerika bateraniye ku rugendo rwo kwa Washington. Umwami yavuze ko umwami yavuze ko iryo jambo ritazibagirana, ritangirana n'amagambo: "Mfite inzozi." Martin yahamye ubwiyunge bushingiye ku moko abwirwa ko ntacyo bitwaye ubwenegihugu uwo muntu afata, ikintu nyamukuru nuko ari imbere. Abayobozi ba Marsha bahuye na Perezida wa Amerika Kennedy baganiriye ku bibazo by'ingenzi. Mu 1964, itegeko "ryerekeye uburenganzira bwa muntu" ryashyizweho umukono, ribuza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko y'abaturage batunganije.
Ibitekerezo n'ibitekerezo
Urugero rwo kwitondera umwami ntirwagarukira gusa ku kibazo cyo gutandukanya. Uyu munyapolitiki yakoze uburinganire n'ubwisanzure bw'abaturage bose bo muri Amerika, ntiyanyuzwe n'urwego rw'ubushomeri n'inzara.
Martin yakunze kugenda avuga ati, guha abantu guharanira uburenganzira bukwiye ku byemezwa n'umuntu uwo ari we wese kuva akivuka. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko Umwami wa Martin Luther umwami, urugamba rusanzwe rugomba kuba urugomo, kuko birashoboka kwemera ubufasha bw'ururimi, kandi ntitufashishije imvugo n'intambara. Luther yanditse ibitabo byinshi byabaye ishingiro ryimyitozo iburyo no gutumiza muri societe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu buzima bwe, Martin Luther yari umuntu ushimishije ufite ikibazo cyiza, yerekanye urugero rw'umuryango, umugabo wishimye na papa mwiza, bakunda abana bane. Hamwe n'umunyeshuri wa Conservator ya Cortert Scott Martin yahuye mu 1952, aguma i Boston.
Chiang Chiang yamukundaga cyane ababyeyi be, kandi bemera gushyingirwa. Mu ci ryo mu 1953, umwami na cortat bashakanye n'inzu ya nyina w'umukobwa. Martin King Nekuru yanyuze Martin.
Mu kugwa kwa 1954, umuryango wabami wimukiye muri leta ya Alabam mumujyi wa Montgomery, aho ibikorwa bya Martin Luther bitangiye.
Urupfu
Muri Gashyantare 1968, mu mujyi wa Memfis, Tennessee yateguye imyigaragambyo y'abanyamerika bo muri Afurika. Abakozi ntibishimye kubera kutishyura amafaranga yinjije, kimwe n'ibisabwa n'imyitwarire ya ba shebuja, byari bisa n'amacakubiri: umweru ufite amahirwe menshi kandi ko adashobora gukora kubera ibihe bibi, byagombaga Kusanya imyanda no mu nkugo.
Abantu bitabaje umurwanyi uburenganzira bwa Martin Luther King, Umuremyi wenyine wo mu gice cy'amabara y'abaturage.
Ku ya 3 Mata, umwami yongeye kujya muri Mennessee, ariko politiki yagombaga guhindura indege, kuko indege yasanze iterabwoba ryo guturika. Mu mujyi, umubare rusange wahinduwe 306 icyumba muri motel "onIn".
Umunsi umwe, umwami ya Martin Luther King yahagaze kuri bkoni y'icyumba, mu gihe Ikirere cya Birekeli cya Easl Rasl Ray yari agamije politiki kuva ku nkongo. Yakobo yararashe rimwe: isasu ryimugwa mu rwasaya rwa Martin Luther. Umunyapolitike yapfiriye mu bitaro bya Mutagatifu Yozefu mu 19:05. Martin yagize ati "" Nari ngiye hejuru y'umusozi. " Abateze amatwi bibuka amagambo yatanzwe nijambo:
"Kimwe n'umwe, ndashaka kubaho igihe kirekire. Kuramba biragaragara. Ariko sinbitekereza ubu. Ndashaka gusohoza ubushake bwa Nyagasani. "James yafashe abapolisi: Umusore yanditse ko amenyekana. Umusore yizeraga ko igihano kizahanwa. Mu rukiko, umugizi wa nabi yahawe imyaka 99 y'igifungo. Hanyuma Ray yavuze ko atishe ubwicanyi, ariko urukiko rwemeje icyaha cy'ushinjwa.
Ariko, ku byerekeye Umwami Umwami, hari ibihe byinshi bidasobanutse nabyondo. Kurugero, ntiyigeze itazwi, icyo gicukugiko cy'ubwicanyi cyakoresheje sniper, kandi nta gimenyetso kigaragara cya Yakobo kugira ngo agerageje umwami. Umugore wa Martin yaje kutishimira icyemezo cy'urukiko, kubera ko, atekereza ko mu rupfu rw'umugabo we, umugizi wa nabi atigeze ahungira muri gereza, ndetse n'ubugambanyi bwa politiki. Kubwibyo, cortat yabonye amakuru yerekeye urupfu rwa Ray, Umutangabuhamya wenyine.
Uwishe umwami wa Martin, kandi kuva ku nkongo ari igisubizo, kitarakemuka.
Mu kwibuka umubare wa politiki muri Amerika, buri wa mbere wa gatatu wa Mutarama ni Umwami wa Pertin Luther ". Hanyuma, ibiruhuko byashinze imizi mu 2000.
No mu kwibuka Martin, firime zitangira zivuga ibikorwa byayo. Imva iherereye mu nzu ndangamurage y'igihugu ya Martin Luther King.
Amagambo
Martin Luther King azwi ku magambo atari uburenganzira bwa muntu, ahubwo no ku myitwarire myiza. Ubutwari, ubutwari, kwihangana no kubanyacyubahiro - wenda, igice gito cyibiranga umunyapolitiki wumunyamerika yari afite.
- Urukundo nimbaraga zonyine zishobora guhindura umwanzi uwo ari we wese inshuti.
- Niba umuntu atavumbuye ikintu yiteguye gupfa, ntashobora kubaho byimazeyo
- Niba nabwiwe ko ejo imperuka yisi iza, uyumunsi natera igiti.
- Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bumaze iterambere ryumwuka. Twayoboye roketi n'abaturage badakomoka.
- Ibipimo ntarengwa byindangagaciro z'umuntu ntabwo ari uko yitwara neza ihumure noroshye, ariko uko ikomeza mugihe cyo kurugamba no kwivuguruza.
- Cogodenice irabaza - Birashinzwe? Ibiranga abaza - ni byiza? Ubusa bubaza - Birakunzwe? Ariko umutimana urabaza - Birakwiye? Kandi igihe kirageze mugihe ukeneye gufata umwanya utagira umutekano cyangwa ubushishozi, cyangwa ibyakunzwe, ariko bigomba gufatwa, kuko ari byo.