Ubuzima
Oliver Crombwell - Umuyobozi w'Icyongereza n'Umuhuza w'ibinyejana bya Xvi-Xvii. Yabaye umuyobozi wa Revolution y'Ubwongereza, yerekeje ku rugendo rw'abihimbano batandukanijwe na Puritan, kandi mu myaka yakurikiyeho umwuga wa politiki, ufashe umwanya w'Uwiteka n'Umwami - Umurinzi w'Ubwongereza, Umurinzi w'Ubwongereza n'Umwami n'Umwami na Scotland.
Oliver Crombwell's biografiya yatangiye ku ya 25 Mata 1599 mu mujyi wa Huntingdon. Ababyeyi be bari abanyacyubahiro b'Icyongereza - Elizabeti igisonga na Robert CroMell. Uwa nyuma yari umuhungu muto mu muryango, uturuka muri Thomas CroMwell (umwami wegereye Henri VIII, n'umufasha wacyo nyamukuru mu gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura). Ku ngoma y'uyu mwami, abakurambere ba Oliver Crombell bateye imbere ba leta kubera kwamburwa itorero n'ibihugu by'Ingona.
Amashuri abanza yuburezi bwa oliver yakiriwe mu ishuri rya Paruwasi ry'Umujyi we. Mu gihe kiva ku 1616 kugeza ku wa 1617, yize i Sydney Sussex kaminuza ya kaminuza ya Cambridge. Iri shuri rikuru ryari rizwi ku mwuka wa Puritani. Cromewell-jr. Yatangiye imyitozo mu ishami ry'amategeko, ariko bidatinze yifata icyemezo cyo kuva mu masomo ye arongora umukobwa w'abaturanyi.
Urupfu rwa Se rwababajwe n'intambwe nk'iyi yo kubungama: yagombaga kureka uburezi kugira ngo afashe umubyeyi na bashiki bacu. Muri kiriya gihe, yayoboye umurima, nk'ako kandi agomba kuzenguruka: guteka byeri, foromaje, yateguye foromaje, yagurishije umugati n'ubwoya.
Politiki
Mu 1628, Cromwell yagerageje gutangira ubutumwa bwa politiki. Ndetse yashoboye no gutsinda Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu mujyi yahintdon. Ijambo rya mbere rya Oliver mu buyobozi bukuru bw'imbaraga z'amategeko z'ububasha bw'Ubwongereza ryabaye muri Gashyantare 1629. Yitangiye kurinda ababwiriza ba Puritan. Ariko muri Werurwe, Umwami Karl Nirukanye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Carlera Cronwall arangira, nta mwanya wo gutangira.
Kumyaka cumi n'umwe yakurikiyeho, cromiwell yongeye kubaho ku buzima bwa nyirinzu usanzwe. Mu gihe cyo kuva ku 1636 kugeza ku wa 1638, yitabiriye icyifuzo cyo kurengera abaturage uburenganzira bw'abaturage. Mu myaka mike, Oliver Cromiwell yongeye kugaragara kuri iki kirego cya politiki cy'igihugu cye: Muri Mata no mu Gushyingo 1640 yatorewe ku nteko ngufi kandi ndende. Cronwall yabaye umudepite wo muri Cambridge. Mu magambo ye, we, ahanini, yicyaha inyungu z'abanyacyubahiro bashya na Bourgeoisie.
Impinduramatwara
Muri Kanama 1642, impinduramatwara y'Ubwongereza yatangiye (intambara y'abenegihugu). Imbaraga nyamukuru zitahura mugihe cyiyi mpinduramatwara ni Umwami Charles I ninteko ishinga amategeko. Oliver Cromiwell yarwaniye ku ruhande rw'ingabo z'abadepite, aho yasobanuye mu ntera ya Kapiteni.
Yahisemo gushaka abasirikare kutigitange agahato - ahubwo, yashakaga gushaka abakorerabushake bamagarwamo, kuko ubutabera bw'Imana no kurwanya umwami bizasaka. Oliver Cronwall yabonye amasomo nkaya "ibitekerezo" imbere yabanyamafarasi-Yomen wabaga mu burasirazuba.
Bari Yary Purutans kandi bakora byimazeyo amategeko. Ikirangantego cya Cronwall, gigizwe naya mashana, cyatewe na Zheleznokim kubera indero idasanzwe no kurwanya.
Hamwe n'ingabo ze, komanda yarwanye n'imirwano myinshi, buhoro buhoro kubona urwego rurenze kandi rwo hejuru. Mu 1644, yahawe umutwe wa Liyetona Jenerali. Akamaro cyane k'ubuhanzi bwe bw'ubuhanzi bwe cyari ku rugamba rwa Marcone Moore, wabaye ku ya 2 Nyakanga 1644, no ku rugamba rwa Neuzby, rufite aho rugera ku ya 14 Kamena 1645. Izi ntambara zatangiye gufata umwanzuro mu mateka y'impinduramatwara y'icyongereza, kandi nta munyamisiri wo mu butegetsi bwa Oliver Crowell, bashoboraga kurenga ukundi.
Amateka y'Ubwongereza nyuma y'inteko ishinga amategeko Inteko ishinga amategeko mu ntambara ya mbere y'abenegihugu yagiye mu nzira igana ihinduka ry'ubwami bw'itegeko nshinga. Igitugu cy'umwami, cyerekana gusa uko politiki y'igihugu izakura, yagiye mu bihe byashize. Muri icyo gihe, n'ubushobozi bw'inzego n'imbaraga zidashira zo mu ntumwa, twizeye ko arwana n'inteko ishinga amategeko igihe yagongaga umwami.
Bidatinze, cromiwell yasabye ko ingabo za Leta zasabye guhinduka. Mu 1645, yagize uruhare mu kurema ingabo z'icyitegererezo gishya gishingiye ku bicuruzwa bya Zheleznoboki. Cronwall yakoresheje uburambe bwungutse mumyaka myinshi yintambara kugirango ireme ingabo zifatika.
Intambara y'abenegihugu
Mu buryo butaziguye mu ntambara y'abwongereza, Oliver Cromiwell yagereranyaga imbaraga za demokarasi y'impinduramatwara. Ariko Inteko ishinga amategeko ishinga amategeko yatsinze ingabo z'umwami, komanda yahisemo kwimukira mumwanya wa politiki uciriritse akanga ibitekerezo bya demokarasi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yari afite guhangana n'abagurishije abigurishwa, batanyuzwe n'ibisubizo by'impinduramatwara y'icyongereza kandi basaba gukomeza intambara.
Mu 1647, Oliver Cromwell yaje kugaragazwa hagati y'ingabo eshatu zikomeye: umwami, ingabo n'abahagarariye Peresibiterolianism mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, wari amajwi menshi. Mu bihe nk'ibi byavuzwe n'umuyobozi w'ingabo ushize amanga kandi usunitse, Crombill yahindutse deft na politiki ituje, ishingiye ku ngabo n'ubugome, abasirikare bananiwe mu Bumwe bw'Ibanga hamwe n'umwami.
Muri 1647, ingabo zafashe umwami. Oliver Cromwell yagerageje gukemura ikibazo numwami avuga kubyerekeye ibihe byami byashoboraga kubikwa. Levellera, biracyasaba impinduka zikomeye, zibona ubuhemu muribi. Cyangwa cyangwa umunyapolitiki wagerageje guhuza amashyaka arwana, gukumira intambara ya kabiri y'akazi, yatangiye mu 1648, yarananiranye.
Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara, Oliver Cronwall yarwanyije ku bwami no gushimangira ingabo ze, yemeye ubumwe n'Abadendezi. Muri Nzeri na 1648 Ukwakira, yarwanye n'abamirijeniya muri Scotland no mu majyaruguru y'Ubwongereza. Mu ntangiriro z'ukwakira, imyitwarire ye yinjiye muri Edinburgh, aho amasezerano y'amahoro yatsinze. Mu mezi ari imbere, umugaba w'ingabo, amaze kuza i Londres hamwe n'ingabo ze, agera ku ngabo ze, agera ku isuku y'inzu y'imiryango y'ubwoko bw'abaterankunga b'ubwami.
Mu 1649, Cromewell yemeye iyicwa ry'umwami, kurimbuka kw'ubwami no gutangaza Ubwongereza na Repubulika. Abafite ubudodo bati: "Ubudodo" bwahindutse "ubudodo", bugana Oliver Cromell. Yiyeretse umutegetsi uteye ubwoba: ubugome bwagerageje kuhatiramo abapfunyitse, batangije urugendo rwa gisirikare yamaraso, aho umusirikare we atitaye ku bugome, akomeza kugenda neza kw'imiryango.
Imyaka Yanyuma Yubuzima
Nkuko ubuzima bwa Oliver Cromwell bwazungurutse izuba, ubutegetsi bwe bwari bwungutse ibintu byinshi. Ubworoherane bw'abaturage, yatangiye kwanga icyifuzo cy'amasomo gushinga demokarasi, ku bisabwa n'imibereho yabo. Mu 1650, yabaye umutware mukuru wa Repubulika, ni ukuvuga, umugaba mukuru w'ingabo zayo zose, yashakaga gukoreshwa mu kumenya igitugu ku giti cye.
Mu 1653, Komanda yemeye Itegeko Nshinga rishya, ryiswe "Intwaro y'Ubuyobozi". Iyi nyandiko yamuhaye imiterere ya "Nyagasani Umurinzi" mu Bwongereza, Irilande na Scotland. Imyitwarire ya politiki y'imbere muri Leta yari imugoye: mu gihugu, ikibazo cy'ubukungu cyahawe, ibibazo by'imibereho ikaze byakomeje bidakemutse. Muri icyo gihe, Crowell yatsinze muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, yigaruriye Jamayike, asinya amasezerano y'ubucuruzi na Suwede akanagirana Amahoro hamwe na Holland ku maboko yabereye mu Bwongereza.
Nubwo mubuzima bwa Oliver Crowwell, Repubulika ntabwo yakuweho, kandi imbaraga ze ntizashidikanyaga, politiki yimbere yimbere yumuryango yazanye gusa kugarura bwami. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu 1658, umuhungu we Richard yabaye umusimbura w'Uwiteka umurinzi, mu gihe gito yatakaje imbaraga.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wenyine Cromiwell yari Elizabeth yari yaraturika, aho yashakanye, asiga amasomo muri kaminuza.
Abana umunani bavukiye muri ubu bukwe: abahungu robert, kubunga, Henry na Richard, kimwe n'abakobwa Francis, Maria, Elizabeth na Bridget.
Urupfu
Oliver Crowell yapfuye ku ya 3 Nzeri 1658, icyateye urupfu rwabaye inda ya popiid na malariya. Gushyingura umuyobozi wa Leta byatsinze ubwinshi n'icyubahiro, ariko bidatinze, imvururu n'intege nke, uwo basimbuye Cromell batashoboye guhangana - umuhungu w'imfura.
Mu 1659, abadepite, bahamagarira intebe ya Charles II (umuhungu wa Karl, wasezeranye ku iyicwa rya Oliver yigeze gutanga), asohora umurambo w'umuyobozi w'inguzanyo ku birego, kugira ngo asohoze icyo gihe cyo kwicwa. Umurambo wagize amasaha make ku giti, nyuma y'umutwe we washyizwe ku nkoni hafi y'ingoro ya Westminsster.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Hano hari umugani wo mu bwana bwa oliver conrow cromiwell yahuye nuburanzi bwa Karl Jyewe, wagenewe kuba umwami w'Ubwongereza. Muri uwo mukino, abahungu barazamutse, baragoma bavunika izuru.
- Mu 1970, filime y'amateka "Cromiwell" yakuweho, umwicanyi w'uruhare rwambere Richard Harris - yahawe ishimwe riva ku banenga ba firime ku rugero rwiza.
- Mu bwana, ntangiriro yari afite abavandimwe babiri, ariko bapfuye bakiri bato. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuhungu yakikijwe na bashiki bacu batandatu, uwo yari afite umubano ususurutse.
- Kugeza ku myaka 41 y'amavuko, cromiwell ntabwo bumvaga ishyaka ryihariye ryo kwisuzumisha. Gusa igihe yatsindaga umugaba mukuru wa Zheleznoboki w'amafaranga ye, uru rukundo rwo gukunda politiki rwabyutse kandi nifuza kurangiza amateka y'igihugu cye.
- 3 Nzeri yavuyeho kuba itariki iteye ubwoba mubihe bya Oliver Cronwall. Kuri uyu munsi, niho yatsinze ingabo z'Abanya Scottike muri Denbar, Ingabo za Charle, ni Inteko ishinga amategeko ye ya mbere yatangiye kwizihiza, nyuma uyu munsi utangira kwizihizwa nk'umunsi wo gushimira. Oliver Cronwall na we yapfuye ku ya 3 Nzeri.