Ubuzima
Ku ya 10 Ugushyingo, 1483, umuhungu warangije amateka nkumuntu windashyikirwa, uwashinze abaporotesitanti mu Budage, Umuvugurura munini, Umuhanga mu bya Tewolojiya - Martin Luther - Martin Luther yavukiye mu muryango wa Saxon Rudool yoroshye. Uyu muntu na we azwi nk'umusemuzi w'inyandiko zera b'Abakristo (Bibiliya), uwashinze amahame mbwirizamugisha w'Abaturage, ikizamini cy'umujyanama w'Abanyafurika UBUVUGA, - Martin Luther.
Yashatse cyane kubera gukora cyane, yashakaga guha umuryango we ibyiza byose bikenewe, byari bigoye kuri we. Mu ntangiriro, yari umuhinzi usanzwe mu mudugudu wa Mera, ariko, yimuka ashakisha ubuzima bwiza muri Iceleben, yabonye akazi mu birombe byo mu misozi miremire. Iyo kuvugurura ejo hazaza byari bifite amezi 6, umuryango wagiye gutura muri Mansfeld, kandi hari hans wabonye imiterere yumutunzi.
Ku myaka 7, Martin ya nyuma yagombaga kubona ingorane zambere zingenzi. Ababyeyi bohereje Umwana we kwiga mu ishuri ry'umujyi, "yatanze" Luther hamwe no gusuzugura buri gihe no guhanwa. Sisitemu yo kwigisha iki kigo ntiyigeze yemera ko umwana w'impano yakira urwego rukwiye, kandi mu myaka 7 y'amahugurwa ye hano Martin yamenye gusa gusoma, kwandika, yamenye, yize amasengesho make kandi amategeko icumi.
Ku myaka 14 (1497), umusore Luther yinjiye mu ishuri rya Franciscan i Magdeburg, ariko nyuma y'umwaka yahinduwe muri Eisena. Amafaranga ntiyari ahagije, Martin ntiyumvira, hamwe n'incuti ze yaririmba munsi yadirishya ry'abaturage bamwe, agerageza kugaburira. Hanyuma umusore atangira gutekereza ku byinjiza amafaranga yigenga mu birombe byigenga mu birombe, nka se, ariko ibizaba byateganijwe ukundi.
Umwangavu ku mpanuka yahuye n'umugore utuye cyane Eisana. Umugore witwa Urla yahisemo gufasha umuhungu, atumira iwe kubera amacumbi yigihe gito kuruta uko yafunguye Martin inzira y'ubuzima bushya.
Mu 1501, Luther yarangije amashuri yinjira muri kaminuza ya Erfurt (Ishami rya Filozofiya). Martin yagaragaye muri bagenzi be aribuka neza, yakiriwe, nka sponge ubumenyi bushya, byoroshye guhindura ibikoresho bigoye kandi bidatinze byabaye ihuriro ryibintu byose muri kaminuza.
Umaze kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse (1503), Umusore Luther yatumiriwe gusoma ibiganiro kubanyeshuri bo muri filozofiya. Bifitanye isano, yize shingiro ry'ikigo cyemewe n'amategeko bisabwe na Data. Martin yateye imbere ku buryo bumva, ariko yerekanaga ko ashishikajwe cyane na tewolojiya, soma imirimo n'imirimo y'abapadiri bakomeye b'itorero.
Igihe kimwe, nyuma y'urundi ruzinduko mu isomero rya kaminuza, Bibiliya yinjiye mu maboko ya Luther, gusoma byahinduye isi ye imbere.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza, Martin Luther yahisemo ku rwego rwo hejuru nta muntu wategetejweho. Umufilozofe yajyaga mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana gukorera Imana, aterera ubuzima bw'isi. Imwe mu mpamvu zabaye urupfu rutunguranye rwinshuti yumuvandimwe Luther nubushake bwe bwicyaha cyabo.
Ubuzima ku kigo cy'abihaye Imana
Ahera aho abahanga mu bya tewolojiya bato bishora mu mirimo itandukanye: Nakoreye Umukuru, nakoraga akazi k'umurinzi w'irembo, ntangira icyo saha, menyesha urugo rw'itorero n'ibindi.
Ushaka gukiza umusore kumva ubwibone bwabantu, abihayimana na rimwe boherejwe kwitera imbere mumujyi - gukusanya imfashanyo. Luther yaje kuri buri cyerekana, yakoresheje gusaba ibiryo, imyambaro, ikiruhuko. Mu 1506, Martin Luther yemeye konasi, kandi mu mwaka - ubupadiri, aba mukuru.
Ifunguro rya sasita, nyagasani n'imiterere y'umuherezabitambo ntibyabaye imbogamizi zo kurushaho guhugura no guteza imbere Martin. Mu 1508, Vicrar Jenerali yatanze inama Lutherta nk'umwarimu wa kaminuza ya Wittenberg. Hano yatoje imvugo ikiri ntoya imvugo, fiziki. Bidatinze, yakiriye impamyabumenyi itangaje ya Bachelor, yatumye bishoboka kwigisha tewolojiya y'abanyeshuri. Luther yari afite uburenganzira bwo gusobanura Ibyanditswe bya Bibiliya, kandi kugira ngo abeho neza abisobanuzi, atangira kwiga indimi z'amahanga.
Mu 1511, Luther yasuye Roma, aho abamuhagarariye itegeko ryera boherejwe. Hano yahuye nibintu bivuguruzanya kubagatolika. Kuva mu 1512 yakoresheje umwanya wa Porofeseri wa tewolojiya, asome inyigisho, yakoze inshingano z'umurezi mu biyiko 11.
Ivugurura
Nubwo Imana yegeranye ku Mana, pertin Luther yumvise ihura n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, ibona ko ari abanyabyaha n'intege nke mu bikorwa byayo mbere cyane. Ikibazo cyo mumutwe cyabaye intangiriro yo gutekereza umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya yisi yumwuka kandi muburyo bwo kuvugurura.
Mu 1518, Papal Bulilla yararekuwe, anengwa kuva mu buryo bwa Martin. Luther yari yatengushye rwose mu myitozo Gatolika. Umufilozofe n'abahanga mu bya tewolojiya bahimbye Thees zabo bwite 95, zikabuza amabaruwa y'itorero ry'Abaroma.
Dukurikije udushya twa Luther, leta ntigomba kwishingikiriza ku Bayobozi b'amadini, kandi aba nyuma ntibategekwa gukora nk'umuhuza hagati y'umuntu na Nyagasani muri Nyagasani. Martin ntabwo yemeye ibirego akavuga ku bijyanye n'uburemere bw'abahagarariye mu mwuka, basenye ubutware bwa papa amabwiriza. Ibikorwa nkibi byivugurura byagaragaye mumateka na mbere yaho, ariko umwanya wa Luther watangaje rwose kandi ushize amanga.
THESES Martin Yumurabyo yakiriye ibyamamare muri sosiyete, ibihuha byerekeranye n'inyigisho nshya zageze kuri Papa, wahise utumira abatavuga rumwe n'umwe mu rukiko rwe (1519). Luther yapfuye atazagera i Roma, hanyuma pontifik yahisemo kuba ANAthema y'Abaporotesitanti (kwicika intege kuva mu masakaramentu yera).
Mu 1520, Luther akora igikorwa - yaka kumugaragaro ikimasa cya papa, arahamagarira abaturage kurwanya ubutware bwa papa no kwambura Gana Ganalika. Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 1521, nk'uko basenga Edicut, Martin yakira inshingano y'ubuyobe, ariko abashyigikiye ibitekerezo by'ingenzi by'imitonda bifasha guhunga nyina, bavuga ko bamutandukanije. Nkako, Luther yashyizwe mu gihome cya Wartburg, aho yakoraga ubusobanuro bwa Bibiliya mu kidage.
Mu 1529, abaporotesitanti Martin Luther yakwemereye ku mugaragaro, bakekwaga kuba umwe mu nzira y'abagatolika, ariko nyuma yimyaka mike mu kindi minsi ya gitolika, ariko nyuma yimyaka mike yaho habaye gutandukana indi minsi ibiri: Abaluteriyani na Calvinism na Calvinism na Calvinism.
Jean Calvin yabaye uwa kabiri nyuma ya Luther Umuvugurura munini, igitekerezo nyamukuru cyacyo cyacyo cyamamajwe rwose kubyateganijwe n'Imana.
Igitekerezo ku Bayahudi
Ikigereranyo cya Martin Luther ku Bayahudi cyahindutse mu buzima bwe bwose. Mu ikubitiro, yamaganye gutoteza abahagarariye ubwo bwenegihugu, basabwe kubafata ubworoherane.
Martin yizeraga rwose ko Umuyahudi, wumvise ubutumwa bwe, byanze bikunze byahitamo kubatizwa. Muri ako gatabo ke "ko Kristo yavukiyeho inkomoko y'Abayahudi kandi yashimangiye inkomoko y'Abayahudi kandi ishyigikira abantu ba kera mu kwanga gukurikiza" ubupapali Papa ".
Nyuma y'ivugurura, yemeje ko Abayahudi batashakaga gukurikiza inyigisho ze, ndetse n'aho byashyizweho kugira ngo babane. Igitabo cya Luther cyanditswe muri iyi leta cyari gifite imico yo kurwanya Abayahudi ("ku Bayahudi n'ibinyoma byabo", "ibiganiro byabo", ".).
Rero, filozofiya izwi cyane yUbudage yatengushye Abayahudi, baretse kuvugurura basabwaga na Luther. Nyuma yaho, Itorero ry'Abaluteriyani ryabaye intandaro yo guhumekwa kubera kurwanya Semite, kandi imyanya yayo yagombaga gukora poropagande kurwanya Abayahudi mu Budage, berekeza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Luther yizeraga ko Uwiteka adashobora guhagarika abantu bose batakuyeho abantu kubaho mu rukundo no kwagura ubwoko bwabo. Dukurikije ukuri kuva mu bizima kwa Martin, wahoze ari umuforomo wamubyaye mu gushyingirwa kw'abana 6.
Katharina von Bru yari ikigo cy'abihaye Imana kubushake bw'ababyeyi be - abanyacyubahiro be. Uyu mukobwa yari afite imyaka 8, yatanze umuhigo w'ubukwe. Inyigisho z'Itorero, indero na catrine yakuweho Abisa yakoze imico y'umugore wa Lutov kandi biratangaje, byagaragaye cyane mu mibanire y'abashakanye.
Ubukwe bwa Martin na Ket (niko byitwa Umukobwa Luther) byabaye ku ya 13 Kamena 1525. Muri icyo gihe, abaporotesitanti bari afite imyaka 42, kandi mugenzi we mwiza afite imyaka 26 gusa. Umugongo watawe wa Augustin yahisemo gukubitwa hamwe. Umutima wuje urukundo wabaga mu buryo bworoshye, utabanje kubabaza. Inzu yabo yamye yugururiwe abantu bakeneye ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose.
Urupfu
Ku rupfu rwa Martin Luther yakoze cyane, inyigisho zasomye, babwirizaga, banditse ibitabo. Imbaraga kandi ifasha umuntu muri kamere, yakunze kwibagirwa ibiryo ninzozi nziza. Mu myaka yashize, ibi byatangiye kwigaragaza mu kunanga, gucika intege. Luther yabaye nyir'indwara yitwa Indwara ya Kibuye yamuzaniye ububabare bwinshi.
"Kurenza" kwivuguruza mu mwuka kwivuguruza mu mwuka no gushidikanya. Martin mu mibereho ye yemeye ko nijoro Sekibi yasanze ari, abaza ibibazo bidasanzwe. Uwashinze abaporotesitanti yasenze Imana asengera Imana, kuba mu mibereho ibabaza imyaka myinshi.
Luther yapfuye muri Gashyantare 1546 gitunguranye. Umurambo we washyinguwe mu gikari cy'itorero ry'ingoro, aho havugwa 95 abstracton yahoze ari imisumari.
Mu 2003, mu kwibuka umuntu w'amateka, imikino ya Eric, film ikinamico ya Drahigrafiya yitwa Luther, yerekana ubuzima bwa minisitiri wera kuva ibikorwa bye byo kuvugurura no gupfa.
Amagambo
"Urwango, nk'ibibyimba byatangijwe bya kanseri byatangiriye umuntu kandi bifata imbaraga zose." "Niba umuntu atarambuye ikintu yiteguye gupfa, ntashobora kubaho neza." "Nta mugore wanjye, ntibishoboka kandi kubaho, uko bidashobora gukora nta biryo n'ibinyobwa. Yavutse kandi akazengurwa n'abagore, ahanini babaho ubuzima bwabo kandi nta mahirwe bafite yo kubagezaho. "Bibliografiya
- Bibiliya ya Berleburg
- Inyigisho ku butumwa kubaroma (1515-1516)
- 95 Theses kubyerekeye Indulgensiya (1517)
- Ku bavandimwe b'Abakristo bo mu gihugu cy'Ubudage (1520)
- Ibyerekeye iminyago ya Babiloni Itorero (1520)
- Ibaruwa Mulppfort (1520)
- Fungura inyuguti pape lero x (1520)
- Kubwisanzure bwa Christinere
- Kurwanya inzoga yangiritse antikristo
- Imvugo ku bo bo mu byororoka mu byororoka ku ya 18 Mata 1521
- Ibyerekeye Ubucakara (1525)
- Ibyerekeye Intambara yo kurwanya Abanyaturukiya (1528)
- Big na Catichism nini (1529)
- Ibaruwa yahinduwe (1530)
- Himbaza Umuziki (1538)
- Ku byerekeye Abayahudi n'ibinyoma byabo (1543)