Ubuzima
Henry Ford akunze kwita "Data" winganda zimodoka, kuko yaremye umuyoboro wose wibiti byimodoka. Ford yakiriye ipatanti 161, uwahimbye cyane cyane. Inganda zeguriwe ubuzima kumusaruro wimodoka zihenze kandi ushakira gutanga imashini ya buri wese. Henry Ford bwa mbere yakoresheje convoyer imashini zikongeza. Ubwonko bwumucuruzi, isosiyete "moteri ya Google", Imikorere muri iki gihe iyobowe n'abamukomokaho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nyuma yuko ingandi ingamba zavutse ku ya 30 Nyakanga 1863 mu isambu ya se hafi y'umujyi wavutse (Michigan). William Ford Ababyeyi na Marie Ligat bimukiye muri Amerika kuva muri Irilande. Umuhungu yazanye barumuna batatu na bashiki bacu babiri.
Se na nyina bakoraga cyane mu murima kandi bafatwaga abantu bakize. Ariko Henry yari yizeye ko mu myitwarire myiza y'imirimo, cyane cyane kuruta imbuto z'umurimo, bityo ntiyashakaga gukomeza ikibazo cy'ababyeyi.
Umuhungu yigishijwe gusa mwishuri ryitorero kandi ntiyize no kwandika nta makosa. Iyo Ford abaye umuyobozi w'ikigo, ntabwo yashoboye gufata umwanzuro. Igihe kimwe mu kinyamakuru, Inganda zitwa "injiji", kubera ibyo Ford yatanze igitabo. Ariko uwahimbye yari azi neza ko ikintu cyingenzi kumuntu atari gusoma no gusoma, ahubwo ni ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.
Muri 12, Henry yabuze nyina, kandi ibyo birori binyeganyega umuhungu. Mfite imyaka ingahe, ba rwiyemezamirimo bazabona banza kubona lokomobile. Ford yishimiye abakozi, yimuka munsi y'ibikorwa bya moteri, maze yiyemeza mu gihe kizaza guteranya uburyo bwo kwimuka mu gihe kizaza. Ariko se yashakaga ko Shenry aba umuhinzi, bityo inyungu z'umwana mu bukanishi zagaragaye cyane ko zinyurwa n'umwana.
Ku myaka ya 16, Ford yagiye kwa Detroit maze aba umunyeshuri mu mahugurwa ya mashini. Nyuma yimyaka ine, Henry yasubiye mu murima, aho yakoraga mu isambu, nijoro akora ibintu byavumbuwe. Korohereza se akazi ka buri munsi, Ford yaremye umuhogo, wakoraga kuri lisansi. Urebye akamaro k'ibikoresho nk'ibi, umuguzi yahise aboneka. Henry yagurishije patenti yo guhanga Tomas Edison, hanyuma abona akazi muri uyu rwiyemezamirimo uzwi.
Ubucuruzi
Mu 1891, Ford yagiye kongera gushushanya kugirango ahinduke injeniyeri muri Mediames Edison. Henry yari afite uyu mwanya kugeza kuri 1899, ariko mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, yakomeje gukora mu kurema imodoka. Ford ntabwo yishora mu kintu akunda, ariko yabayeho igitekerezo cyo gukora imodoka ihendutse. Mu 1893, Henry yashoboye kugera kubisubizo - yateguye imodoka ye yambere.
Ubuyobozi bwa Edison ntabwo bushyigikiye ibyo akunda abakozi kandi birasabwa kureka ingingo zidasanzwe. Ahubwo, mu 1899, inganda zizaza zavuye kukazi ziba umwe muri ba nyir'isosiyete ya Detroit. Ariko hano umusore ntiyagumyeho igihe kirekire kandi nyuma yimyaka itatu asize ikigo kubera ibinyuranyo mubitekerezo hamwe nabandi bafatana.
Muri iki gihe, guhanga rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto ntibyari dukeneye cyane. Gukurura abakiriya, Ford yirukanye umujyi ku modoka ye. Muri icyo gihe, Henry yakundaga gushinyagurira kandi yiswe "ahangayikishijwe" avuye mu muhanda. Ariko umusore ntiyatinye gutsindwa no gusuzugura ubwoba bwo kubura. Mu 1902, Ford yagize uruhare mu gusiganwa ku modoka kandi bashoboye kugera ku nyampinga wa Amerika wari uhari. Igikorwa cyo gutahira cyari kwamamaza imodoka no kwerekana icyubahiro cye, kandi umusore yageze kubisubizo byifuzwa.
Mu 1903, umucuruzi wa Nouvice yashyizeho isosiyete "Ford Moteri" itangira gukora imodoka "Ford A". Uwahimbye yashakaga gutanga abaguzi imashini idasanzwe yerekana ko izatandukanya no kwizerwa no kwizerwa. Buhoro buhoro, Ford yakoze igishushanyo mbonera cya mashini byoroshye cyane, uburyo butandukanye nibisobanuro. Uwahimbye bwa mbere yakoresheje umuturage wo gukora imodoka, byari guhanga udushya. Umucuruzi ufite impano yageze ku nganda zimodoka maze afata umwanya wambere muri iyi nganda.
Henry Ford ntiyatinye ingorane kandi yarwanaga numuhanga ukomeye. Iyo moteri ya Ford yahuye na Syndicate yitange, rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto yari afite. Tugarutse mu 1879, George selden yakiriye ipatade ku mushinga w'imodoka, ariko ntiyabimenye. Iyo andi masosiyete yishora mu gukora imodoka, uwahimbye yatangiye kujya mu rukiko. Nyuma yubucuruzi bwa mbere bwatsindiye, ibigo byinshi byaguzemo impushya na we kandi bikora ishyirahamwe ryabakora imodoka.
Ibikorwa byubucamanza kuri Ford byatangiye mu 1903 kandi bimara kugeza 1911. Umugenzuzi w'inganda yanze kugura uruhushya asezeranya kurinda abakiriya be. Mu 1909, Ford yatakaje urubanza, ariko nyuma yo gusubiramo, Urukiko rwemeje ko abakora ubwayo bakorewe mu mategeko kandi batabangamiye uburenganzira bwa sedeni, nk'uko moteri yakoreshwaga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishyirahamwe ry'inganda zimodoka ryaravuzwe, na Ford: Fossa w'intambara ku nyungu z'abaguzi.
Intsinzi yaje mu ihimbyi ifite impano mu 1908 hamwe n'intangiriro yo kurekura Ford-T. Ubwonko bwa Ford bwatandukanijwe no kurangiza, igiciro cya demokarasi nubushakashatsi. Ndetse na ernest hemingway yahisemo iyi modoka, yahinduwe munsi yimodoka yegeranye.
Kugurisha Moteri ya Ford kwiyongera vuba, kuko imodoka za FOD zari nziza cyane, ariko zihenze. Muri icyo gihe, ikiguzi cya "Ford-T" mu myaka yaguye: Niba mu 1909 igiciro cyimodoka cyari $ 850, hanyuma mu 1913 cyaguye kugeza kuri 550.
Ku ya 1910, Henry Ford y'abahingwa ya parike ya Highland yabaye inyubako. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umuyobozi w'inteko yakoreshejwe hano. Ubwa mbere, generator yarakusanyijwe, hanyuma moteri. Abakozi benshi bafite imyaka cumi ninjiye mu gushyinyaza buri moteri, yakoreye ibikorwa bitandukanye kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora. Ihuriro ryimuka ryaryo ryakoreshejwe kandi, hamwe nibisubizo ko chassis yisumbuye kabiri. Ubushakashatsi bwagize ingaruka ku mpande nyinshi mu buryo bwo gukora umusaruro, kongera umusaruro no gukora neza.
Buhoro buhoro, inganda zaguze ibirombe, amakara hanyuma ukinguye ibihingwa bishya. Ford rero yageze ku mutego wuzuye umusaruro: kuva gukuramo amabuye yo kurekura imodoka yarangije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umucuruzi yaremye ingoma yose idashingiye ku yandi masosiyete n'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga. Ku ya 1914, Ford yarekuye imodoka miliyoni 10 cyangwa 10% yimodoka zose kwisi.
Henry Ford yashakishije kunoza imikorere yakazi. Kuva mu 1914, abakozi ba salary biyongereye bagera kuri 5 kumunsi. Ariko kwakira ayo mafranga, abakozi byanze bikunze kubamara kubishyira mu gaciro. Niba amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kunywa, hanyuma umukozi ararukanwa.
Ku bigo, uburyo bwo gukora mu masaha atatu yashizwemo amasaha 8, aho kuba amasaha abiri kugeza kuri 9. Nanone, rwiyemezamirimo yatangijwe umunsi umwe, yishyuwe ibiruhuko. Nubwo abakozi bakeneye kubahiriza indero rutoroshye, abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bakurura ibihe byiza, kandi Ford ntabwo yabuze abakozi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kugeza mu 1941, ibimera byo mu ishoramari mu Banyamerika byakorewe ishyirahamwe ry'ubucuruzi.
Mu ntangiriro ya 20s, Ford yagurishije imodoka nyinshi kurusha abanywanyi bose muri rusange. Y'imodoka icumi yashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Amerika, irindwi yakozwe na Ford. Muri kiriya gihe, inganda zatangiye guhamagara "umwami w'imodoka."
Kuva mu 1917, Amerika yagize uruhare mu ntambara nk'igice cyo kwimeneka. Hanyuma ibihingwa bya Henry Ford byafashe isohozwa ryamategeko ya gisirikare kandi rikora ingofero, masike ya gaze, ubwato nibigega. Ariko rwiyemezamirimo yashimangiye ko adashaka gushaka amafaranga kumena amaraso anasezeranya ko azagaruka ku nyungu. Igihugu cyo guhugura Ford cyakiriwe naba condatrioks, byazamuye ubutware bwurufatiro.
Nyuma y'intambara, uwahimbye abahanga bahuye n'ikibazo gishya - igitonyanga cyo kugurisha. Assortment "Ford Moteri" yari igarukira, kandi umuguzi yashakaga ubwoko butandukanye. Ford yavuze ko ashobora gutanga imodoka yibara iryo ariryo ryose, niba ibara nkaya ari umukara, rihuye, ariko ntikisubize ibikenewe byisoko. Rwiyemezamirimo yakoze isoko ryo kugerwaho, gushyira mu bikorwa imodoka ku nguzanyo, ariko irushanwa ry'abafatanyabikorwa "Moteri rusange" yatanze ibitekerezo bitandukanye kandi birahunga.
Igurishwa ryaraguye vuba, naho 1927, Ford ribangamiye guhomba. Hanyuma uwahimbye yahagaritse umusaruro kandi akora mukurema imodoka nshya. Ford kandi yafashije umuhungu witabiriye igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka. Muri uwo mwaka, inganda zatanze Ford-icyitegererezo, cyaranzwe no kugaragara neza no kunoza tekiniki. Udushya twasubije Ford imyanya yubuyobozi mu isoko ryimodoka.
Tugarutse mu 1925, rwiyemezamirimo yahisemo gukora indege, yitwaga "Ford Airways". Ford noneho yaguze William Steund atangira kubyara airliners. Nyuma yaho, Ford Trimmimor yakunzwe cyane. Iyi ndege y'abagenzi yari mu magambo yo mu musaruro mu 1927-1933. 1990 hakozwe kopi, yakoraga kugeza 1989.
Muri 20, Henry Ford ashyigikiye umubano wubukungu na GSSR. Umuyoboro wa mbere wa Soviet "forden-pulovets", watanzwe mu 1923, washyizweho hashingiwe kuri traktor "Forton". Mu myaka ya 1929-1932, abakozi ba moshi bore Bot. No kongera kubaka inganda muri Moscou na Gorky.
Mu myaka ya mbere yo kwiheba gukomeye, Ford yizeye neza, ariko mu 1931 ibibazo byakoze ku "moteri ya FOD". Igitonyanga cyo kugurisha no kongera amarushanwa yo kongera ku gahato kugirango ufunge igice cyinganda no kugabanya umushahara kubakozi basigaye. Imbaga y'abapolisi bahagaze gutangira kunyura mu ruganda "ruge", abapolisi bakwirakwije abantu babifashijwemo n'intwaro gusa.
Na none, Ford yabonye inzira yo kuva mubihe bigoye kubera igihangano gishya. Inganda zatanzwe "Ford v 8" - Imodoka y'ikigereranyo cy'imikino, umuvuduko wa metero 130 km / h. Igicuruzwa gishya cyatumye bishoboka gusubukura imirimo yuzuye yisosiyete no kongera imibumbe yo kugurisha.
Imbogamizi za politiki na Anti-Semimism
Muri biografiya ya Henry Ford Hano hari impapuro nyinshi zateje gucirwaho iteka. Rero, mu 1918, uwahimbye yaguze kudita "kandi nyuma yimyaka ibiri atangira gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo bya Anti-Semic. Mu 1920, umubare wibitabo byinshi byiyi ngingo byahujwe nigitabo kimwe - "Umuyahudi mpuzamahanga". Nyuma yaho, ibitekerezo n'ibitabo bya Ford byakoreshejwe cyane n'Abanazi kugira ngo bigire ingaruka ku bakiri bato.
Mu 1921, abaturage 119 bakuru batanzwe mu gucirwaho iteka kw'ibitekerezo by'abahigomo, harimo n'abaperezida batatu. Mu 1927, Ford yemeje amakosa yemeye kandi asohora ibaruwa y'amarangamutima mu bitangazamakuru.
Rwiyemezamirimo yashyigikiye isano na Nsdap ndetse no mu rwego rwa Nazis. Hitler yashimye Ford akomeza gushushanya uwahimbye mu rugo rwamini. Mu gitabo "urugamba rwanjye", umunyamerika umwe gusa ni we wavuzwe - Henri Ford. Mu mujyi wa Nazi wigaruriweho na Poussid (Ubufaransa) kuva 1940, Henry Ford, wabyaye imodoka na moteri yindege.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1887, Henri Ford yashakanye na Clara Bryant - Umukobwa wumuhinzi woroshye. "Umwami w'imodoka" yabanaga na Clara hamwe kandi yishimye. Umugore yabaye inkunga yizewe kubahimbiye abahanga. Bryant yizeraga umugabo we igihe abaturage bo mu mujyi bamusutse kandi banenga abo mukorana. Umunsi umwe, mu kiganiro, resik yavuze ko yifuza kubaho ubundi buzima ari uko yashoboraga kongera kurongora Clara.
Umuhungu umwe gusa Edsel (1893-1943) yavutse kubashakanye (1893-1943), waje kuba umufasha munini wa se. Hakunze kuvuguruza amakimbirane hagati ya Henry Ford na Edceel, ariko ntibyabangamiye umubano wabo hamwe nibikorwa bihuriweho. Se yari umunyabwenge, yakundaga cyane kandi akareba indege y'inyoni, kandi umuhungu we yahisemo ibihangano bigezweho, Jazz, amashyaka yose na cocktail.
Urupfu
"Umwami w'imodoka" yategekwaga na "Mote moteri ya" Ford Motor "kugeza 30, nyuma ashyikiriza ubuyobozi bwa Edyumu. Impamvu yo kwita ku mucuruzi ukomoka mu buyobozi bw'ikigo yari amakimbirane n'abafatanyabikorwa n'imiryango ihuriweho n'ubutaka. Umuhungu wa Ford kuva 1919 yakoze imirimo ya perezida, cyane cyane hamwe nububasha bushya. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwana mu 1943, inganda za kera zerekezaga ku ngoma yimodoka yongeye kuva kanseri y'igifu.Ariko imyaka yashaje ntabwo yemereye FODUR gucunga isosiyete kurwego rukwiye, nuko nyuma yimyaka ibiri areka abuzukuru wa Brazda - Henry Ford II. Ihimbwe y'indashyikirwa yapfuye ku ya 7 Mata 1947 kuva amaraso yerekeza mu bwonko. Icyo gihe, Ford yari afite imyaka 83.
"Umwami w'imodoka" yashoboye kumenya inzozi z'abana, asiga wenyine umwe mu masosiyete manini ya amomotive ku isi. Muri icyo gihe, umurimo w'ingenzi w'umukoresha ntabwo winjije, ahubwo ni iterambere ry'ubuzima bw'abantu hifashishijwe amasomo akiri muto - ibintu no gukora imodoka.
Amaze, Henry Ford yavuye muri autobiografiya "ubuzima bwanjye, ibyo nakubayeho", byasobanuye uburyo bwo gutegura umurimo w'abadendera. Ibitekerezo byatanzwe muri iki gitabo byerekeje ibigo byinshi, kandi amagambo avugwa mu magambo yahimbye akomeza kuba afite akamaro uyu munsi.
Kera mu 1928, umucuruzi yakiriye umudari wa Elliot Creson ku byagezweho mu nganda zimodoka. Ibitabo byinshi na firime byinshi byeguriwe amateka yubuzima nibikorwa bya Ford. Noneho, mu 1987, film yarekuwe na firime Alen Eastmans "Ford: Umugabo-mashini", avuga imashini ihimbye nkikimenyetso cyamerika.
Amagambo
- "Niba ufite ishyaka, urashobora gukora icyo aricyo cyose. Ishyaka ni ryo shingiro ry'iterambere "
- "Iyo bisa nkaho isi yose yakurwanya, ibuka ko indege yakuramo umuyaga!"
- Ati: "Ibanga ryanjye ryatsinze mubushobozi bwo kumva undi muntu no kureba ibintu hamwe na we kandi uko atekereza."
- "Ubwiza ni ugukora ikintu cyiza, kabone niyo ntamuntu ureba
- "Niba usaba kumuntu kugirango utange umwanya n'imbaraga kubucuruzi, hanyuma witondere kugirango atagira ibibazo byamafaranga"
- "Impamvu ebyiri gusa zihatira abantu gukora: inyota y'imishahara no gutinya ingeso."