Ubuzima
Mu kidage, imigati iti: "Igihe cyose abantu bishimira inyungu z'amashanyarazi, bazahora bibuka izina rya Faraday."Michael Faraday numuherwe wa fiziki wicyongereza, umuhanga, Umuremyi wimyitozo kumurima wa electomagnetic. Byafunguye induction ya electomagnetic, nicyo shingiro ryumusaruro wamashanyarazi na porogaramu mubihe bigezweho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Michael Faraday yavutse ku ya 22 Nzeri 1791 muri bacttington ya New Mankington, hafi ya London. Data - Raraday ya James (1761-1810), Kuznets. Mama - Margaret (1764-1838). Usibye Mikayeli, Robert na bande Elizabeth na Margaret bakuze mu muryango. Babayeho nabi, nuko Michael atindaga ku ishuri akajya ku kazi mu gitabo cy'abitabo afite imyaka 13.
Uburezi burananirana. Gusoma ibitabo muri fiziki na chimie byanyuzwe nubumenyi bwubumenyi bwibitabo mu iduka ryibitabo birenze. Umusore yamenyereye ubushakashatsi bwa mbere. Yubatse isoko igezweho - "Banki y'Abasizin". Data na murumuna bashyigikiye Michael mu gushaka ubushakashatsi.
Mu 1810, umusore w'imyaka 19 yabaye umunyamuryango w'ikipe ya filozofiya, aho ibiganiro kuri fiziki na astronomi byasomwe. Michael yagize uruhare muri siyansi. Umusore ufite impano yashimishije umuryango wa siyanse. Umuguzi w'ibitabo William William Yerekanye Michael Impano - Itike yo gusura Inyigisho hamwe na Firmerrochemeri, Calcium, Sodium, Barium, Boron) .
Umuhanga uzaza, ahindura ibiganiro bya Gemphri Davy, akora amajwi yohereza umwarimu, aherekejwe nibaruwa kugirango abone akazi runaka mu kigo cya cyami. Davy yagize uruhare mu bihe byumusore, hanyuma nyuma yigihe gito, Faradal wimyaka 22 yakiriye akazi ka laboratoire muri laboratoire yimiti.
Siyanse
Gukora inshingano zumufasha wa laboratoire, Faraday ntabwo yabuze amahirwe yo kumva ibiganiro, mugutegura bitabiriye. Nanone, hamwe n'umugisha wa Porofeseri Davy, umusore yayoboye ubushakashatsi bwe bwa chimical. Umutimanama nubuhanzi bwakazi kakazi hamwe numufasha wa laboratoire yabigize umufasha uhoraho Davy.
Mu 1813, Davy yafashe umunyamabanga wa Faraya mu rugendo rw'imyaka ibiri rw'i Burayi. Muri urwo rugendo, umuhanga mu bya siyansi yahuye n'ibiti bya siyanse y'isi: Andre-Marie Ampera, Joseph Louis Gay-Loussak, Alesleta, Alesletro Volta.
Amaze gusubira i Londres mu 1815, Faraday yakiriye umwanya wubufasha. Mugereranije, ikintu ukunda cyarakomeje - shyira ubushakashatsi bwe. Kubuzima bwa Faraday, hari ubushakashatsi 30.000. Muri siyanse ku nkombe z'umubiri no gukora cyane, yakiriye izina ry "umwami w'ubushakashatsi". Ibisobanuro bya buri burambe bwahawe kugirango birebwe. Nyuma, mu 1931, izi mboniro zasohotse.
Igitabo cya mbere cya Prition cya Faraday cyasohotse mu 1816. Kugeza 1819, imirimo 40 iracapwe. Iburanisha ritangira kwa chimie. Mu 1820, kuva ku bushakashatsi butari bwo muri alloys, umuhanga ukiri muto wavumbuye ko aky'agashi wo kwigomeka hamwe na Nikel ntabwo itanga okiside. Ariko ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byanyuze na metallurgiste. Gufungura ibyuma bitagira ingaruka byatewe nyuma.
Mu 1820, Faraday yabaye umucuri wa tekiniki w'ikigo cya cyami. Mu 1821, yahinduye kuri fiziki kuva muri chimie. Faraday yakoze nkumuhanga wiganje, yabonye uburemere mumuryango wa siyansi. Ingingo yasohotse ku ihame rya moteri y'amashanyarazi, ryashyize intangiriro y'amashanyarazi y'inganda.
Umwanya wa electromagnetic
Mu 1820, Faraday yatwarwaga n'ubushakashatsi ku mikoranire y'amashanyarazi n'umurima wa rukuruzi. Muri iki gihe, imyumvire ya "DC Inkomoko" (A. Volt), "amashanyarazi", "havugwa." Muri kiriya gihe, amashanyarazi na electrodnamics yateye imbere, ubushakashatsi bwa Bio, Savara, Laplace yo gukorana n'amashanyarazi na Magnetistism. A. Ampere kuri electronagnesm yasohotse.
Mu 1821, urumuri rwabonye akazi ka Faraday "ku rugendo rushya rwa electomagnetike no ku nyigisho ya magnetivism". Muri yo, umuhanga yerekanye ubushakashatsi afite umwambi wa rukuruzi kuzenguruka inkingi imwe, ni ukuvuga, wasohoye ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri Mechanical. Mubyukuri, yamenyesheje uwambere kwisi, nubwo moteri yambere, amashanyarazi.
Ibyishimo byavumbuwe byangije ikirego cya William Vollarston (cyafunguye Palladium, Rhodium, yubatse ingwate na goniometer). Mu kirego cya Professor Davs, ushinjwa umuhanga ushinjwaga Farada mu bitekerezo byo kwiba hamwe n'umwambi wa magneti. Inkuru yafashe ishyari. Davy yafashe umwanya wa Vollaston. Gusa inama yumuntu ku giti cye kandi asobanura umwanya wabo na Faraday yashoboye gukemura amakimbirane. Vwellarston yataye ibirego. Davy na Faraday babuze icyo bategereje. Nubwo uwambere kugeza igihe cyimperuka atarambiwe gusubiramo iyo farals aribwo buvumbuzi nyamukuru bwarabikoze.
Muri Mutarama 1824, Faraday yatorewe n'umunyamuryango wa societe ya cyami London. Porofeseri Davy yatoye.
Mu 1823, yabaye umwe mu bagize Ishuri rya Paris rivuga rya siyansi.
Mu 1825, Michael Faraday yafashe umwanya wa Davi nk'umuyobozi wa laboratoire ya fiziki no kwirangirire mu kigo cya cyami.
Nyuma yo kuvumbura 1821, umuhanga ntabwo yatangaje akazi. Mu 1831, yabaye Plerafeseri vuljah (Ishuri rya Gisirikare), mu 1833, umwarimu mu chimisi y'ikigo cya cyami. Yakoze impaka siyanse, abatigishijwe mu nama za siyansi.
Tugarutse mu 1820, Faraday yashishikajwe n'uburambe bwa hans erseteda: kugenda ku muzunguruko uriho kuzenguruka urujya n'uruza rw'imyambi. Amashanyarazi yateje ibintu bya magnetism. Faraday yasabye ko, kubwibyo, Magnetism irashobora gutera amashanyarazi. Iyambere ivuga kubitekerezo byagaragaye muri diary yumuhanga mu 1822. Imyaka icumi yubushakashatsi yagiye ku ngazi yamabanga ya InducSic.
Intsinzi yaje ku ya 29 Kanama 1831. Igikoresho, cyemereye Faraday gukora ibintu byiza cyane, byari bigizwe nimpeta y'icyuma hamwe na scackasi yisi yirebire kuva igikomere cyibirimo mo kabiri. Mu munyururu w'igice kimwe cya kabiri cy'impeta, insinga yafunze, yari umwambi makuru. Umuyaga wa kabiri uhujwe na bateri y'imbaraga. Iyo ikigezweho cyahinduwe, umwambi wa magneti wakoze ihindagurika mu cyerekezo kimwe, kandi iyo cyazingurutse undi. FARADAY yashoje ivuga ko Magnet ashoboye guhindura magnetisme mu ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Ibintu "bibaho byumuyaga mumuzunguruko bifunze bifite impinduka muri magneti flux irayinyuramo" yitwaga InducOc. Gutahura induction ya electomagnetic byafunguye uburyo isoko igezweho ya none - itangaye ryamashanyarazi.
Ubuvumbuzi bwaranze intangiriro yerekana imbuto nshya yubushakashatsi bwa siyanse yahaye isi "ubushakashatsi bugeragezwa ku mashanyarazi". Faraday yagize inararibonye yerekana imiterere imwe yo kubaho ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zigenga uburyo, aho amashanyarazi aterwa.
Mu 1832, fiziki yahaye umudari wa copli.
Faraday yabaye umwanditsi wa transformateur yambere. Ni uw'igitekerezo cy '"imirire ihoraho". Mu 1836, ku bushakashatsi bwinshi, yerekanye ko uwashinja ubu afite ingaruka ku gikonoshwa gusa, asiga ibintu imbere bikaba bidafite ishingiro. Muri siyanse ikoreshwa, igikoresho gikozwe ku ihame ry'iki kintu cyitwa selile ya faraday.
Ubuvumbuzi n'imirimo
Gufungura Michael Faraday ntabwo yitangiye kuri fiziki gusa. Mu 1824, bengene na Isobutylene barabakinguye. Umuhanga yazanye imiterere y'amazi ya chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, dioxyde de carbon, Ammoniya, Ethnia, Dioxyde de ITRhariDE, yabonye synthesis ya hexahloran.
Mu 1835, Faraday kubera iyo ndwara yahatiwe gukora urugendo rw'imyaka ibiri mu kazi. Impamvu y'indwara yakesweye kuvugana na siyansi mu bushakashatsi mu bushakashatsi n'abashakanye ba Mercury. Mu rugendo rugufi nyuma yo gukira, mu 1840, umwarimu yongeye kumva nabi. Intege nke zikomeje, habaye igihombo cyigihe gito. Igihe cyo gukira cyatinze imyaka 4. Mu 1841, mu gutsimbarara ku baganga, umuhanga yagiye mu rugendo unyuze mu Burayi.
Umuryango wabayeho mu bukene. Nk'uko ubuhamya bwa faraday Faral John Tyndal, umuhanga yakiriye pansiyo ya pound 22 ku mwaka. Mu 1841, Minisitiri w'intebe William Lam, Umwami Melbourne wo mu ruhame yasinywe n'itegeko rya pansiyo ya Pansiyo ya Leta mu rwego rwa pound 300 ku mwaka.
Mu 1845, umuhanga ukomeye washoboye gukurura umuryango w'isi hamwe n'ibindi bivumbuwe: kuvumbura impinduka mu ndege y'umucyo mu murima wa rukuruzi ("Ingaruka ya" Raraynesm ") na Diamagnetism (gukururwa ibintu kuri Umurima wo hanze wa magneti ubikora kuri yo).
Guverinoma y'Ubwongereza ntabwo yigeze kubaza Michael Faraday kugirango ifashe gukemura ibibazo bijyanye nibibazo bya tekiniki. Umuhanga yateguye gahunda y'ibikoresho by'imitsi, uburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa amato, bikorwa n'impuguke y'ubucamanza. Kuba kamere umuntu watuzwe n'umuco mwiza n'amahoro, yanze kugira uruhare mu kurema intwaro z'ubumara ku ntambara yo mu Burusiya mu ntambara yo mu Burusiya.
Mu 1848, Umwamikazi Victoria yerekanye inzu ku nkombe y'ibumoso ya Thames, urukiko rwa Hampton. Umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza yishyuye amafaranga n'imisoro akikije inzu. Umuhanga mu muryango we yaramushimishije, areka uru rubanza mu 1858.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Michael Faraday yashakanye na Sara Barnard (1800-1879). Sarah - Mushikiwabo Mugenzi Faraday. Icyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'umutima umukobwa w'imyaka 20 ntabwo yahise - umuhanga mu bya siyansi yagombaga gusenyuka. Ubukwe butuje bwabaye ku ya 12 Kamena 1821. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi, FARADADADADALY YARI:"Nashatse - ibirori birenze ibindi byose byagize uruhare mu byishimo byanjye ku isi ndetse n'imibereho yanjye muzima."Umuryango wa Faraday, nkumuryango wumugore we, abagize Umuryango w'Abaporotesitanti "Sandemian". Faraday yakoze umurimo w'umuryango wa London, watoranijwe inshuro nyinshi umusaza.
Urupfu
Michael Faraday yari arwaye. Mu bihe bigufi, igihe indwara isubira inyuma, yakoraga. Mu 1862, yashyize imbere hypothesis ivuga ku rugendo rw'umurongo w'amaso mu murima wa rukuruzi. Emeza igitekerezo cyashoboye Peter Zeeman mu 1897, muri bo 1902 yakiriye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Farayaday Zeeman yita Umwanditsi w'iki gitekerezo.
Michael Faraday yapfiriye kuri desktop ku ya 25 Kanama 1867 afite imyaka 75. Yashyinguwe iruhande rw'umugore we ku irimbi rya Hikoni i Londres. Umuhanga yabajije mbere y'urupfu rwe kubyerekeye umuhango wo gushyingura cyane, bityo bene wabo bonyine baraza. Ku rutare, izina ry'umuhanga n'imyaka y'ubuzima.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Umuhanga mu bya fiziki ntiyibagiwe abana. Inyigisho kubana "Amateka ya Buji" (1961) yasubiyemo amagambo.
- Igishushanyo cya Faraday gishyirwa kumushinga w'ibirometero 20 bya 1991-1999.
- Hari ibihuha byari bihuha bidasubije faradeday kubisabwa akazi. Igihe kimwe, guhunga by'agateganyo mugihe cy'imiti, Umwarimu yibutse umusore uhoraho. Amaze gukora nk'umunyamabanga w'umuhanga, umusore yankubise Davy na erdition ye kubera ko yasabye ko Michael asaba imirimo ya Michael muri laboratoire.
- Nyuma yo kuva mu ruzinduko rw'i Burayi hamwe n'umuryango wa Faradan ya Davie, ategereje umwanya wubufasha mu kigo cya cya Imana habaye kohanwa.