Victor Hugo - biografiya, ifoto, ubuzima bwihariye, BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ubuzima

Viktor Hugo ni umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa, ibikorwa bye byinjiye mu mateka maze ahinduka inzindura z'umurage w'ubuvanganzo. Gothic Amateur kandi uhagarariye urukundo ubuzima bwe bwose yasuzuguye amategeko ya societe kandi arwanya ubusumbane bwabantu. Igitabo gikunzwe cyane "cyabujijwe" Hugo cyanditse mugihe cyibibazo byo guhanga, ariko, nyamara, iki gitabo cyahindutse umusaruro wabantu b'umwanditsi ku isi hose.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Intangiriro yikinyejana cya 19: Mu Bufaransa, impinduramatwara ikomeye yanyuze, Iteka rya Kera kandi ryamahwema rwose yashenywe mu gihugu, Repubulika ya mbere y'Ubufaransa yaje gusimbuza Repubulika ya mbere y'Ubufaransa. Igihugu cyateye ubwoba interuro: "Ubwisanzure, uburinganire, uburinganire", n'umuyobozi ukiri muto Napoleon Bonaparte yibasiye ejo hazaza heza.

Igihe nibwo urufatiro rwa kera rwasenyutse, kandi mu Bufaransa rufite imizi y'impinduramatwara, umutware w'ingabo za Napoleonike Leopold Hizhisber Hugo yavutse Umwana wa gatatu. Ibi birori byabaye ku ya 26 Gashyantare 1802 mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu, mu mujyi wa Besani. Umuhungu watanze izina Victor arababara kandi afite intege nke, ku kwibuka nyina Sophie, nta icyuma "kitari icyuma kiboneye."

Umuryango wari umukire kandi wabaga munzu nini y'amagorofa atatu. Leopold yaturutse kuneza y'abahinzi, ariko impinduramatwara ikomeye y'Abafaransa yemeye ko umugabo yiyerekana. Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yanyuze mu nzira ya musirikare w'ingabo za republika kugera ku bashyigikiye Bonaparte kandi, amaherezo, yabaye Jenerali. Hugo Sr. akenshi yatwaye umwenda wa serivisi, ku buryo umuryango wimukiye mu Butaliyani, Espanye, Marseille, ndetse no mu birwa byo mu kirwa cyo mu nyanja ya Mediterane na Tuscany. Ingendo zisize ibintu bitaziguye kuri Victor nkeya, uzahita ubona amajwi mubikorwa byumwanditsi.

Kuva mu bizima kwa Mama Hugo, birazwi gusa ko yabazwe umukobwa wa Shipoyirwa.

Sophie na Leopold bagerageje kuzana abahungu batatu (Victor, Abeli ​​na Ezhena) mu rukundo, ariko isiwitse ku bashakanye yatandukanijwe, impamvu bakunze gutongana. Icyifuzo cyakurikijwe ku bwami kandi VoltaIrean no mu mpinduramatwara y'Ubufaransa kwari ugutera inkunga ingoma ya Bourbon, mu gihe Hugo mukuru yari yihaye Imana ibyo yiyemeje. Ntabwo ari ikwirakwizwa rya politiki gusa ryatumye ababyeyi b'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza bakwirakwiza: Sophie yari afite urukundo ku ruhande na Jenerali Viktor Lagori.

Kubera gutongana kw'ababyeyi, abavandimwe batatu babaga i Sophie, hanyuma Leopold, maze mu 1813 nyina Viktor Gyu munsi, umugore yimukira mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, afata umuhungu muto. Mu bihe biri imbere, Sofie yicujije inshuro zirenze imwe kandi igerageza kwiyunga n'uwo bashakanye, ariko ntiyashakaga kwibagirwa ibitutsi bishaje.

Mama yagize uruhare runini kuri Victor: Yashoboye gushishikariza umwana ko Bogons Bogons - abayoboke b'ubwisanzure, kandi ishusho ya shampiyona itunganye yashizweho ku muhungu gusoma ibitabo.

Ubuvanganzo

Leopold yarose ko umwana muto yinjiye muri siyanse nyayo, usibye ko umuhungu afite impano ku mibare, yasuzumye neza kandi yahanganye na fagitire igoye. Ahari umuhungu rusange yaba afite umwuga wa Michel Rolly cyangwa Gusya, ariko Victor yahisemo ubundi buryo kandi yari yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Polytechnic.

Umwakaza uzaza mu mahame adapfa yahisemo imibare y'ibisigo by'ikilatini n'ibitabo, gusoma imirimo ikomeye hamwe n'inkoni. Ariko, Hugo yatangiye kwandika ibintu bidasanzwe n'ibisigo mu bwana, kwiga Louisig Louisig, kuva 1812. Umusore yakundaga kuba umwanditsi w'ikinyaga ku bitekerezo by'ishuri bidashoboka, ameza yahinduwe nk'icyiciro cyateye, kandi imyambarire yo mu rwego rwaciwe amaboko y'abana n'ikarito.

Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 14, yahumekewe n'uhagarariye bwa mbere muri Francois Stubrands kandi arota kuba nk'umusizi w'Abafaransa. Mu gitabo cya autobiografiya, uwazashyikirijwe "katedrali ya Paruwasi yacu" yanditswe n'ubusobanuro bw'ibiremwa vergil 10 Tetradok: Noneho umuhungu yari mu maguru ye.

Nyuma, umusore wo kwivuza yasanze inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki, yakusanyirijwe na nyina yitonze, atwika imirimo ye, atekereza ko yashoboye kumera neza kandi utabora. Ku ikaye ya nyuma, Victor yaranditse ko ari ubuswa kandi akurura igishusho cy'igi, imbere y'inkoko iherereye.

Iyo Viktor yari afite imyaka 15, yerekanaga ko ashyigikiye ubutegetsi bugaragara kandi akurikiza imiti ishingiye ku buvanganzo.

Mu 1813, umusore Fhogo agira uruhare mu marushanwa y'ubuvanganzo, agereranya abagize inteko y'ubucamanza ODU ku bijyanye n'inyungu za siyansi, Les Avantage des tudes, ibona ishimwe n'ibishishwa bishishikaye. Bamwe mu bacamanza ntibizeraga ko umwanditsi w'Abasiwe yahinduye 15, kuko mu murimo wa Victor yatekereje nk'umuntu mukuru ufite imyumvire ya 2.

Umwanditsi ukiri muto washimye ingoma ya bourbon mu mirimo: kuri ODU "yo kugarura igishusho cya Heinrich IV", umusore yitabwaho kandi ashyigikira abategetsi b'Abafaransa bishyuye impano mato. Nabwirijwe gushishikariza amafaranga mu nzira, kubera ko Leopold yanze gufasha umuhungu w'imari kubera ibyo atumvikanaho kugira ngo yinjire mu ishuri rya Polytechnic.

Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 17, we, hamwe na muvandimwe Abeli, kuva mu gitabo cy'ikinyamakuru Itanga izina ry'ikinyamakuru "Kubungabunga Ubuvanganzo bw'ubuvanganzo", kandi icyegeranyo "cyasohotse", kandi gukusanya ". Umuturage w'ubuvanganzo.

Ibitabo bya GU byagereranije inzira yurukundo, no mu nyandiko z'umwanditsi, imibereho y'ubwanditsi cyangwa politiki yakunze kwihisha, mu gihe urukundo rw'icyongereza rwa Baironi rwakoraga, umuntu ukomeye ukora wari umuntu.

Abatuye Ubufaransa bagombaga kubahiriza ubusumbane rusange, ubunebwe bwanduye, ubunebwe, imyitwarire isenyutse y'abagore no mu bundi buzima, nubwo Paris yafatwaga nk'umujyi w'urukundo. Hugo, nk'umwanditsi uwo ari we wese, yari umuntu uzi impagarara wari uhangayikishijwe n'ukuri kubyerekeranye. Byongeye kandi, mu mirimo ye, Victor ntiyigeze yemera ko amakimbirane mbonezamubano, agerageza kwereka abasomyi ko ibibazo rusange byakemurwa ari uko umuntu yize gushima imico n'imyitwarire.

Akenshi, imirimo y'umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa yari itangwa rya politiki, mu gitabo cya mbere gikomeye "Umunsi wanyuma wakatiwe urwo gupfa" (1829) umwanditsi asobanura ko asenya igihano cyo guhagarika igihano cy'urupfu, gutunganya ibitekerezo n'ifu ya Intwari y'ubuvanganzo, yari yararimbutse.

Nanone, igitekerezo cya filozofiya ni umurimo wa Viktor Hugo "umugabo useka" (ibanziriza mbere yashakaga kuvuga izina "ku itegeko ry'umwami") yanditswe n'umwanditsi akuze. Igitabo gisobanura amahano yihohoterwa rishingiye ku mibereho, ryakozwe na Verkhovna. Akazi kavuga kuri nyagasani Guinplane, we mu bwana bwe wari isura yo kwambura umuragwa ku ntebe n'imiterere. Kubera ubusi bwo hanze, umuhungu yafatwaga nkumuntu wa kabiri wihariye, ntabwo yitondera amashyaka ye meza.

"Byanze"

Igitabo "cyabujijwe", cyanditswe na Hugo mu 1862 - hejuru yakazi k'umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa, nyuma yafashwe na film nyuma. Igitekerezo cyo kuba umugambi w'ubuvanganzo ugizwe n'ibibazo bikaze byubuzima bukikije, nkinzara nubukene, kugwa kwa bakobwa muburaya bwicyiciro kinini, kikaba ari imbaraga .

Gukora imirimo ni Jean Valzhan, ninde kubwamuryango wicwa n'inzara yibye i Bakelochka. Kubera icyaha kidafite ishingiro, uwo mugabo yakiriye imyaka 19 muri gereza, na nyuma yo gusohoka kugeza ubu ubushake bwari urwenya rwambuwe uburenganzira bwo kubaho.

Nubwo hari umwanya uteganijwe muri societe, intwari y'Abaroma ifite igitego - kugirango umukobwa utagira aho atagira ingano yishimye.

Nk'uko bya biogiraplors by'umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa, igitabo gishingiye ku byabaye ku byabaye: mu 1846 hugo ku giti cye cyabonye umugabo wafashwe kubera umugati.

Nanone, Victor asobanura ubuzima bw'umuhungu wa buri muhungu - Syrota Gavrosh, apfa mu myigaragambyo ya Kamena yanyuze mu 1831.

"Katedrali ya Paruwasi ya Paruwasi"

Igitekerezo cya "Katedrali ya Mama Mari Madamu" avuka kuva Viktor Hugo mu 1828, kandi igitabo ubwacyo cyasohotse mu 1831. Nyuma yo gutangaza umufaransa wa mbere w'Abaroma wabaye umufaransa wa mbere wanditse a korana namateka.

Victor yishingikirije ku bunararibonye bw'umwanditsi w'isi-umuhanga mu by'amateka Walter Scott. "Katedrali ya Paruwasi yacu" yari afite intego ya politiki: Mu buzima bwe, Umwanditsi w'Abaroma yakinnye mu kubaka inzibutso z'umuco.

Kubwibyo, Katedrali ya Gothique i Paris, ni ubuhe butegetsi bugiye gusenya, babaye intwari nyamukuru y'akazi. Umuroma avuga iby'ubugome bw'abantu no guhangana n'iteka ryose n'ikibi. Iki gitabo kiratangaje kandi kivuga kubyerekeye ububabare bubi, mu rukundo n'ubwiza bwa Esmeralda - Umuturage wonyine wa Paris, wasebya umukene w'urusengero. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Hugo, akazi karakingiwe: Hafi ya horbunu yamenyekanye "horbunu yo muri Notre Dame" (1996).

Ubuzima Bwihariye

UBUZIMA BWIHUTE FUGO bwatsinze ubwayo ko afite umubano wubwoko bunyuranye. Ku rubyiruko, umwanditsi akundana na Adel Fushe, uhagarariye usanzwe muri Bourgeoisie. Mu 1822, bakundwa bashakanye. Abashakanye bafite abana batanu (Umwana wa mbere yapfuye akiri muto), ariko ubwiza bwa Adel butangira kwirengagiza Hugo: Ntiyasuzumye uwo mwashakanye umwanditsi w'igihanga kandi ntasomwa n'umurongo umwe mu bikorwa bye. Ariko umugore ahindura umugabo we Saint-beva, yanze gutsinda mu byishimo bya kamere, gukoraho umwanditsi, ariko yahisemo guceceka ku butunzi.

Nyuma, Hugo yakundanye n'umwenda w'isi - umuvumuriro w'ubwiza, warimo igikomangoma cya Anatoly debidov, atanze umukobwa mu buryo bwiza. Passy Stassy ishishikaye yakunze umwanditsi wasabye kurangiza igitabo hamwe numutunzi. Ariko mu mibanire iri hagati ya Hugo, byagaragaye ko ari ibicucu cyane: kuva mu mugezi mushya wa mukecuru wahindutse umudamu ukiri muto wambaye imyenda: Umwanditsi wa Romayov yatanze amafaranga make yakoreshejwe kandi agenzurwa buri giceri cyakoreshejwe.

Victor Mukundwa yagize inzozi zo kuba umukinnyi wa filime, ariko umwanditsi nta gikorwanimwe kugira ngo umukobwa azahabwa uruhare rw'umukino.

Nyuma, ishyaka ry'umwanditsi w'ikiti rigeze mu bwanditsi ryakonje, kandi ntabwo yarwanyaga imyidagaduro n'abakobwa ijoro rimwe, kubera ko yakiriye gahunda zitandukanye mu nzu ye.

Urupfu

Umwanditsi ukomeye yapfiriye mu mpeshyi yo mu 1885 avuye mu musonga. Ubutumwa bwerekeye urupfu rwa Viktor Hugo MIg bwagurutse mu Bufaransa bwose, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bababaye kandi bitabira gushyingura umwanditsi w'ibitabo bidapfa.

Umwe mu bibanza ukunda abafana ba Hugo yari ikirwa cya Jersey, aho Victor yagize imyaka 3 yishimye akigaragaza nk'umusizi.

Bibliografiya

• "Byanze"
• "Katedrali ya Paruwasi ya Paruwasi"
• "Umuntu useka"
• "Umunsi wanyuma wakatiwe urwo gupfa"
• "Umwaka wa mirongo cyenda na gatatu"
• "Kozett"
• "Abakozi bo mu nyanja"
• "Gavrosh"
• "Claude Ge"
• "Ernani"

Amagambo

• "Shira ikuzimu y'ubujiji, kandi urimbura imigenzo y'ibyaha";
• "Abantu bakomeye ntibakunze kugaragara bonyine";
• "Ibitekerezo ni umukino udasanzwe mu ishyamba ry'amashyamba";
• "Mu mujyi uzi inzira, birenze prunerator, gutanga ku bushake";
• "Ntacyo bitwaye kuri njye, imbaraga zabo zo ku rundi; Ni ngombwa ku ruhande rwabo iburyo ";
• "Umuntu abadahinduka ubugingo bw'umugore gusa, ahubwo n'umubiri we, ndetse na kenshi umubiri kuruta ubugingo. Ubugingo - Bakundwa, Umubiri ni nyirabuja. "