Ubuzima
Saladine numutegetsi wa Misiri na Siriya, wabaga mu kinyejana cya Xii. Uhagarariye Ingoma ya Monabide, winjiye mu nkuru nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Gisirikare wo kurwanya Knilasic to Knight-Crusaders.
Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza h'Uburasirazuba bwo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati yavukiye mu 1138 i Tikrit. Sogokuru na se w'umuhungu bakomokaga ku nkoni bakomoka mu ngabo za Turukiya, bakorera mu ngabo za Turukiya - ingabo z'abasirikare, ariko umuhungu kuva mu bwana yari mu bumenyi, kandi ataba mu myitozo ya gisirikare. Yize algebra, geometrie, byumwihariko, yari amenyereye hejuru kandi wa Aldagest. Ariko ibyinshi muri byose, saladin yashishikajwe n'inyigisho za Islamu. Umusore wasubiyemo ahantu hose kuva Hamas, icyegeranyo cyibisigo cyabarabu, ndetse nibikorwa na Abu Tammama. Saladine yakunze Scandonov kandi akamenya byinshi kuri bo. Yisenya mu gisekuru cy'abaturage kandi yashoboraga gusubiza ubuzima bw'intwari iyo ari yo yose yashize cyangwa ahari.
Gutekereza ku iherezo ryisi, umusore yimaze kwiyira ngo atangire umwuga wa gisirikare. Saladina yamaze guhangayikishwa nigihe cyisi y'Icyarabu mu myaka ya mbere, se na sekuru baramwunganira. Nyirarume Asaad Ad-Din Shirkuh aba umujyanama wa mbere wumusore mu kwigisha iki gisirikare. Saladin yashoboye kwinjiza inshuro icumi zabarwanyi zikomeye z'ingabo Amir Damasiko NUR-Ad-Dina.
Nyuma yo gutangira imikino yo mu 1096, abaturage bahoraga bashakaga kurekura mu mujyi wera wo mutagatifu, aho kuzamuka kw'Intumwa Muhamengira ku kirere cya karindwi cyabaye. Kubwibyo, abategetsi brabu bateje urugamba rukabije rwintambara kuburenganzira bwo gutunga Yerusalemu, kandi iyi ntambara yahindutse ibisobanuro byubuzima bwa saladin.
Ku ya 26, Saladedine yagize uruhare mu kwibohora Cairo ubukangurambaga bwa nyirarume. Shirkuh yafashije kugarura inama ya Shevara ya Shevara, ariko icyarimwe yateguye kandi ko hajyaho intara za Leta. Ibintu nk'ibi ntibyakwiranye n'Umutegetsi, maze asaba ubufasha bwa Yeruzalemu Umwami Amori I. Ingabo za Shirkuha yari mu gihome cya Bilbeis, uwo muhanganye yatangiye kugwa. Saladine muri izi ntambara yagejeje ubumenyi bwa gisirikare, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutekereza neza.
Amaze gucana amezi atatu ya Bilbeis, abarwanyi ba Shevara, hamwe n'abajandaga, basubira mu butayu, buherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Giza. Saladin yemeye itegeko ry'ibaba ry'iburyo bw'ingabo, maze Intambara yo kumena amaraso yatsinze umwanzi, yirukana abarwanyi mu minda idakwiye ku mafarashi. Shirchuch yasohotse ku rugamba n'uwatsinze, ariko afite igihombo kinini.
Ahantu ho gutabanywa kw'abakomokaho barokotse kandi tubayobore ku nyungu z'abatavuga rumwe, babaye umurwa mukuru wa Egiputa, mu gihe Saladeni na Shirkuh batura muri Alegizandiriya. Nyuma yimyaka ine, abakomoka ku baja bemeye kuva mu Misiri. Umwaka umwe, Shevar yari afite imbohe kandi yicwa n'ingabo za Shirkuha, Saladin afata umwanya we. Umutegetsi wa Nur-Ad-Dean, wigeze kubara umurwanyi wintwari, ntiyishimiye umunyu wa saladin, ariko bidatinze umutegetsi abiri yabonye ururimi rusanzwe.
Inteko Nyobozi
Mu 1174, NUR-Ad-Dean yapfuye gitunguranye avuye muri Angina ukomeye, kandi Sultan Egiputa yashoboye kuba Amir Damasiko n'umutware wa Siriya. Ukoresheje uburere bwa politiki mu bibazo byakorewe Damasiko yatakaye, kimwe n'imbaraga z'igitero, Saladeni yamenyekanye nk'umukuru w'igihugu na sekuruza w'ingoma ya Mowasi. Guhuza Isi Misiri na Siriya, Saladin yabaye umutware w'intara nini mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.
Mu rwego rwo gushimangira imbaraga zabo, saladin yakoresheje abavandimwe ba hafi mumyanya yose yingenzi. Komanda yakoze ingabo zigezweho, zimaze kunanirana, zashimangiye Flotilla. Guhinduka kwa Leta n'ingabo za Saladin byatangaje ko intambara n'intara itari yo muri Aziya ya Malaya. Abaturanyi nk'abo bafite ubwoba n'umwami wznturium Alexey Nahatiwe gusaba ubufasha no kurinda papa.
Intambara
Intambara yo kurwanya abo banywega, yatangiraga i Yeruzalemu, yatangiye Saladedin mu 1187, igihe yamaze gushinga ingoma ikomeye ikikije akarere k'umujyi wera. Ingabo zidashoboye zigizwe n'abarashi baremba, abambuzi ifarashi no ku banyamaguru, muri iki gihe batsinze intsinzi nyinshi.
Igikorwa cya mbere cya gisirikare kigamije ku bahani cyari intambara ya Khattin. Ndashimira amayeri yubatswe neza, amavuta y'Abanyaburayi mu mucanga udasanzwe, abayisilamu basobanura ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingabo z'umwanzi kandi bafataga amagare ibihumbi 20. Abakobwa bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bakubise uwatsinze, ndetse n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'Uburayi.
Nyuma yo gutsinda hafi yikiyaga cya Tiber, Saladin yafashe Hegre na Jaffu, imijyi ya Palesitine, yari iyobowe n'ihanwa. Nyuma yibyo, mu gihe cy'izuba ku 1187, ingabo za Saladin zinjiye i Yeruzalemu, n'imbaraga zo mu mujyi zasangaga abayoboke ba Islamu. Nyuma yo kwizihiza saladini intsinzi yashoboye kurinda isura y'abantu: imfungwa nyinshi zasize ubuzima kandi zemererwa gusura ahera kwa Yeruzalemu. Abakristu, yasabye umwe gusa - kutazamura inkota ku Bayisilamu.
Ariko Vatikani ntabwo yari igiye kureka, kandi imyiteguro yo kwiyamburana kwa gatatu mu batware b'ubwongereza - ku ya 1189 bayobowe n'abategetsi b'ubwongereza - ku buyobozi bw'umwami Richard. Ababurayi ntibashoboye kubona uruhushya kandi bakaba barabanje gutongana cyane ariko nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami w'abadage no gusenyuka kw'ingabo ze kuruhande rw'Abagatolika, ingabo ebyiri gusa zaragumye.
Ubwa mbere, abakristo baratsinze. Mu 1191, nyuma yo gufata umujyi wa Acra, Filipo wa II yihutiye gusubira mu rugo, asiga umwami wicyongereza umwe hamwe n'ingabo za Sactinov.
Saladine ntiyigeze ategereza igihe kirekire kandi ku ya 7 Nzeri 1191 yakoze igikorwa cya gisirikare n'umujyi wa Arsufe. Guhangana kw'ingabo zombi byarangiye mu mwaka usinya amahoro, yateganyaga ko amadini abiri azabaho amakimbirane mu karere ka Yeruzalemu hamwe n'igice cy'imbaraga z'abayisilamu. Saladin yubashye ingoro za gikristo ndetse isengera mu isanduku y'Uwiteka. Igihe Inama ya Sultan itasenywa n'urusengero urwo arirwo rwose.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Saladine, nkumuyisilamu wukuri, yarimo abagore benshi, ariko amazina yabo ntiyabitswe mumateka. Birazwi ko gusa ko nyuma y'urupfu rw'umupfakazi wa NUR ad-dina Sultan, Ismat al-Dean Hatan aba umugore w'Umutegetsi ukurikira. Muri we, Saladin yavutse abahungu babiri - Gazi na Daud.Muri rusange, namakuru yamateka, saladin yari afite abagore 4 cyangwa 5, aho kubara inshoreke. Byemewe n'amategeko abahungu n'umukobwa.
Urupfu
Saladine yagendeye ku ntego ye - kugarura abarabulifate y'Abarabu. Kugira ngo kubikora, mu mpera za 1192 byatangiye kwitegura kwiyamamaza kwa Bagdad. Ariko mu mpera za 11 Gashyantare.
Impamvu yo kurwara yari umuriro wumuhondo. Ku ya 4 Werurwe, Saladedine yapfuye giturumbuka mu murwa mukuru wa Siriya. Ibyifuzo bya Nsaltat byakomeje bidashoboka, kandi Ubwami bwunze ubumwe bwacitsemo ibice n'abahungu nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu turere twinshi.
Kwibuka
Ishusho yumurwanyi ukomeye nuwatsinze abanditsi nabanyamiseri inshuro nyinshi gukora imirimo yubuhanzi. Umwe mu Banyaburayi ba mbere basaba indangamuntu ya Saladin yari walter Scott, waremye igitabo "Talisman". Igikorwa cyari gishingiye ku bisobanuro byUmurongo wa nyuma w'abakristu i Yeruzalemu no mu mirimo ya Saladin.
Mu nganda za firime, izina rya komanda riboneka muri filime "Ubwami bwo mwijuru", nabwo bwariye urugamba rwabavumbuye hamwe nabayisilamu. Umukinnyi wabarabu wa mussan, ucira ifoto ku ifoto, afite isano nini yo hanze ifite imico y'amateka, yavuze nka Sultan ya Sultan y'Abanyamisiri. Kandi mu 2004, urukurikirane rwa saladin rwarekuwe, intwari zazo zabaye intwari zabantu bo mu Misiri na Siriya bayobowe n'abakiri bato kandi bafite ubwenge.