Ubuzima
Steptan Timofeevich Razin - Taman wo muri Don Cospacks, yateguye imibanire nini ikunzwe cyane, yiswe intambara y'amahoro.
Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza h'ibikorikori bigometse yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Zimovskaya mu 1630. Amakuru amwe yerekana ahandi hantu havutse Stepan - umujyi wa Cherksk. Se w'ejo hazaza Tamofey Timofes yakomokaga mu karere ka Vorunezh, ariko yimukiye aho yerekeza kubera impamvu zidasobanutse ku nkombe za Don.
Umusore yagumye muri abimukira kubuntu kandi bidatinze babaye cospeck dos. Timofey yari atandukanye no kwiyamamaza kwa gisirikare ubutwari n'ubutwari. Kuva mu gikorwa kimwe, Cossack yayoboye inzu ya Turkhanka aramurongora. Umuryango wavutse abahungu batatu - Ivan, Steptan na Frol. Abakozi b'umuvandimwe wo hagati babaye ingabo za ataman za Kornil Yakovlev.
Igihe cyibibazo
Mu 1649, "ubutumwa bwa katedrale", bwashyizweho umukono n'Umwami, Alexey MikhaIahich Romanov, mu Burusiya amaherezo yahurijwe na Serfdomu. Iyo nyandiko yatangaje ko serivise ya Serfdomu kandi yemererwa kongera umwanya wo gushakisha amafaranga yahunze kugeza ku myaka 15. Nyuma yo kwemeza amategeko yerekeye igihugu byatangiye gucana ibitekerezo no kwigomeka, abahinzi benshi batangiye kwiruka mu gushakisha ubutaka buntu n'imidugudu.
Habayeho igihe kidasobanutse. Ibikorwa bya Cossuck byarushagaho kuba pier "golitby", abahinzi bakennye cyangwa abasabiriza begereye ibiseke bikize. Dukurikije amasezerano atubahirizaga hamwe n '"Domovite" y'ibiceri byahunze, amakipe yaremewe, yakoraga ubujura n'ubujura. Terkskie, Don, yatsitsky cosshacks yiyongereye kubera ibigori "insumbe", imbaraga zabo za gisirikare zakuriye.
Urubyiruko
Mu 1665 habaye ibintu, byagize ingaruka ku iherezo rya Stepan Razin. Umuvandimwe mukuru, Ivan, wigize uruhare mu ntambara yo mu Burusiya-Polonye yahisemo kuva mu mwanya no gusezera hamwe n'ingabo mu gihugu cye. Dukurikije imigenzo, ubwiza ntibwategetswe kumvira leta. Ariko ingabo za Guverineri Yu. A. Delgorukov yafashe amatongo kandi, ababwira abatorotse, bicwa. Umuvandimwe yamaze gupfa, ubujurire mu bunyabuzima bw'ikirusiya nabwo bwahisemo kujya i Moscou hagamijwe kurekura Uburusiya muri Bayars. Umwanya udahungabana wumuhinzi nawo wateje imvururu zimvura.
Kuva mu rubyiruko rwa Stepan yatandukanijwe no gusiba no gushonga. Ntiyigeze agenda nzima, ariko akoresha diplomasi n'amayeri, ku buryo akiri muto, ni umwe mu bagize abo ntumwa ihatirwa kuri coscou na asttrakhan. Amayeri ya Dipolomasi Stepan arashobora gukemura ubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose bwananiwe. Ubukangurambaga buzwi cyane "kuri Zikonov", bwasojwe ku kipe ya Razinsky Kurira, bishobora gutuma gufata no guhana abitabiriye ibyo be bose. Ariko Stepan Timofeevich yavuganye neza cyane na Vatist Lviv ko yashyize ahagaragara ingabo zose murugo, aha ibikoresho bishya, kandi atanga intwaro nshya, kandi itaha intwaro nshya, kandi itanga ikarito yinkumi.
Mugishe kandi nk'umunyamahoro mu majyepfo y'abantu. Muri Astrakhan, yahinduye umuhuza mu makimbirane hagati ya Nagyabakiya Tatars na Kalmyks kandi ntiyigeze yemera ko kumena amaraso.
Kwigomeka
Mu 1667, muri Werurwe, Stepa yatangiye gukusanya ingabo. Kuva mu 2000, Taman, Ataman yagiye mu gikorwa cyo ku nzuzi z'abacuruzi ndetse n'amato yo mu mato yo mu nda. Ubujura ntibwabonwa n'abayobozi nk'imvururu, kubera ko ubujura bwari igice cy'ingenzi mu kubaho kw'ibikorikori. Ariko Razin yagiye muri Misssune Rusanzwe. Mu mudugudu wa will yar atan yateguye ubwicanyi hejuru y'ingabo zo mu mihanda, hanyuma reka bive mu ngingo zose. Nyuma yibyo yagiye kwisiga. Ingabo z'inyeshyamba zifite amayeri yinjiye mu gihome yerekeza ku bimera bya mu ngoro kandi bigabana ubwabo.
Mu 1669, ingabo zuzuzaga amavuta yaka, ziyobowe na Senan, Razin yagiye muri Caspiya, aho yamenye ibitero byinshi ku Buperesi. Mu ntambara na Flotilla Mamed-Khan, Abarusiya batan bageze mu muryango w'iburasirazuba. Imbuzi zigana guhunga ziva mu mato y'Abaperesi, nyuma yaho Abaperesi bahaye itegeko ryo guhuza amato 50 no kuzenguruka ingabo za Coshiacks. Ariko Razin yahise arahindukira kandi akoresha isanzure rikomeye ry'ubwato bw'ingenzi bw'umwanzi, nyuma atangira kurohama akuramo amato yose. Ingabo ntoya rero Stepan Razin yasohotse ku rugamba ku kirwa cya Swine uwatsinze. Gusobanukirwa ko nyuma yo gutsindwa, igice gitandukanijwe kizazana ingabo nyinshi kurwanya amatongo, ibikaro byanyuze muri Asttrakhan.
Intambara y'abahinzi
1670 Imyiteguro y'ingabo za Stenan yatangiye kwiyamamaza kuri Moscou. Taman azamuka voka, afata imidugudu n'imigi yinyanja. Gukurura abaturage baho kuruhande rwayo, itandukaniro ryakoreshejwe "inyuguti nziza" - amabaruwa yihariye yagabanije mu mijyi. Mu Mabaruwa yavuzwe ko kuvuka k'abana bashobora gutabwaho niba bifatanya n'ingabo z'inyeshyamba.
Ntabwo ari abakandamijwe gusa, ahubwo n'abasohoka ba kera, abahanga mu byAbi, Mari, Chuvash, Tatars, Mariya, n'Abasirikare b'Uburusiya bo mu ngabo za Guverinoma, n'abasirikare b'Uburusiya bo mu ngabo za Guverinoma, n'abasirikare b'Uburusiya, barenga ku rubavu. Nyuma yo gufashwa no gutoroka, ingabo z'umwami zahatiwe gutangira gukurura abacanshuro muri Polonye na Leta za Baltique. Ariko hamwe n'abarwanyi nk'abo, ibikambi byari ubugome, byerekana imfungwa zose z'abanyamahanga kwicwa.
Stepan Razin yakwirakwije ibihuha ko amasakira yabuze Alexey Alekseevich yihishe mubikandara, kimwe nabakurambere bafitanye isano nikon. Rero, atan yakwegereye byinshi kandi ntinyubasizwe na guverinoma iriho. Mu mwaka, abatuye Tsaritsyn, asttrakhan, Saratov, Sarara, Alakahan, Saransk, Kozmemodeyansk yahinduye iburyo bwamatotsi. Ariko ku rugamba munsi y'impyisi y'ibikambaro by'ibikomangoma, ingabo z'Umuyobozi w'igikomangoma Yu. N. Baryatinsky Yucitsemo ibice, naho Stepwanda Razin ubwe yahatiwe gusubira inyuma.
Igice cya Stepan ashaje cyahishe hafi mumujyi wa Kagalnitsky, ariko abakariro bakize baho bahisemo rwihishwa komisiyo ya Ataman muri guverinoma. Abakuru batinya uburakari bw'umwami, washoboraga kuryama ku murima wose w'Uburusiya. Muri Mata 1671, nyuma yo guhagarika igihome, Steptan Razin yarafashwe ajyanwa i Moscou hamwe no hafi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwigenga bwa ataman mu nyandiko z'amateka ntabwo byabitswe, ariko kuba muri Kagalnitskius, uwo bashakanye yabayeho n'umuhungu we Athanasius. Umuhungu yagiye mu kirenge cya se maze aba umurwanyi. Mugihe cyo guterana amagambo na Azatadiya, umusore yafashwe yerekeza ku mwanzi, ariko bidatinze asubira mu gihugu cye.
Mu migani yerekeye Steptan, umwamikazi w'Ubuperesi avugwa. Byumvikane ko umukobwa yaje kuvuga ibisebe nyuma yintambara izwi cyane mu nyanja ya Caspiya. Yabaye umugore wa kabiri Razin ndetse anashoboye kubyara ikiramutse cy'abana, ariko kuva ku jatage ya atan yamwirinze muri puchin y'umurango.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro z'imiti yo mu 1671, Gregory Koshagov, yarinze na Voikov Andrey Bogdanov Segdanov Pastan na murumuna we Frol, bashyikirizwa Moscou kubageragezwa. Mu gihe iperereza ry'Inkingi z'inkingi, bakorewe iyicarubozo rikabije, kandi nyuma yiminsi 4 bageze kwicwa, babaye kuri boplenaya kare. Nyuma y'igihano cy'igihano cya Stenan Razintorewe, ariko murumuna we ntashobora guhagarara kubyagaragaye akasaba imbabazi muguhana amakuru yibanga. Nyuma yimyaka 5, kutabona ubutunzi bwirasi bwasezeranijwe nibumba, byafashwe byemejwe kwica murumuna wa Ataman.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi w'umutwe wo kwibohora, intambara yakomeje indi mezi atandatu. Cosshack yayobowe na atanan Vasily Musyl na Fyodor Sheloojak. Abayobozi bashya ntabwo bari bafite charisma n'ubwenge buhagije, imyigaragambyo rero yarahagaritswe. Urugamba rw'abantu rwatumye rutenguha ibisubizo: Umuvugizi yari afite imyaka myinshi, iminsi y'inzibacyuho za ba nyirubwite yahagaritswe, yemerewe kwerekana ubugome bukabije bujyanye n'ibihome bitatenguwe.
Kwibuka
Inkuru yo kugoreka kwa Stepan Razin igihe kirekire yagumye yibuka abantu. 15 Indirimbo zabantu bitangiye intwari yigihugu, harimo "kubera icyo kirwa kuri Strazhen", "hari akajagari", "yewe rero, si umugoroba." Ubuzima bw'urukuta rwa Razin bwateje inyungu zo guhanga mu banditsi n'abanditsi b'amateka benshi, A. A. S. Tsvelov, M. I. A. GILTTAOVSKY, E. EvTerovsky, EVTUSHONKO.
Umugambi wibikorwa byintwari yintambara yumuhinzi yakoreshejwe mugihe akora firime yambere yikirusiya mu 1908. Filime yitwaga "uburozi Wolnitsa". Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Razin, umuhanda wa St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Yekatonburg, Ulyanovsk nandi gutura.
Ibyabaye mu kinyejana cya XVII byashizeho ishingiro rya opera na Ompmonic ibisigo by'Uburusiya N. Ya. Afinasyev, AfanaSyev, AfanaSeva, AH. D. SHOSTAKOVIH.