Ubuzima
Percesco Petrarch ni Umusizi wo mu Butaliyani w'ikinyejana cya 14, wabaye uwashinze ubujura bwa mbere. Urebye umujyanama wa Monk-monk varlaam Kalabrichsky, yagize uruhare runini muri Pratinean yo mu Butaliyani maze aba umusizi wo hagati.
Pertsco peteroli w'Ubufaransa yavukiye i Arezzo ku ya 20 Nyakanga 1304. Se yabaye Pietro Dis Supprate, umunyamategeko wa Florentine wirukanwe muri Florence icyarimwe na Dante, kugira ngo ashyigikire ibirori "umweru". Parenzo yari afite izina petrakko - birashoboka kubwibi byakurikiyeho izina ryumusizi. Umuryango wa parenzo wavanywe mu mujyi umwe tuscany ujya mu wundi, kandi iyo Franceco yahinduye imyaka icyenda, atura muri Avignon y'Abafaransa. Nyuma yaho, Mama wa Petrarca yimukiye mu mujyi wa Cartra uturanye.
Muri Avignon, umuhungu atangira kujya ku ishuri, yiga ururimi rw'ikilatini atangira gushimishwa n'imirimo y'ibitabo by'Abaroma. Mu 1319, Francesco yarangije amashuri, nyuma yuko se agiriye inama yo kwiga uburenganzira. Nubwo inkiko zitari zegereye Francesco, umusore yakoze ubushake bwa Data, yiyandikisha muri Montpellier, kandi bidatinze - na kaminuza ya Bologna. Mu 1326, se wa Petrarki yarapfuye, umusore ubwe amenya ko abanditsi ba kera bamushimishije cyane kubikorwa by'amategeko.
Umurage wonyine Ubufaransa wahawe nyuma y'urupfu rwa se ari inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki y'ibyanditswe bya Vergel. Igice kubera ikibazo kitoroshye cy'ubukungu, kubera icyifuzo cyo kwigisha mu mwuka, nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Perrarca yahisemo gukurikiza ubupadiri. Ubutaliyani bwatuye mu rukiko rwa papa muri Avignon maze yegera abahagarariye umuryango w'inkingi (Jacomo inkingi - inshuti kuva mu gihe cyo kwiga muri kaminuza).
Muri 1327, Francenko yabonye bwa mbere Laura de New, urukundo rudasanzwe rwamuteye kwandika ibisigo byafatwaga hejuru yubuhanga mumurongo wa sonneti.
Kurema
Petrorta yari ikunzwe cyane kuri Perrarca, yanditse mu Gitaliyani. Igice kinini cyitabwa kubwo guharanira de nshya (nubwo izina ryayo ryuzuye riracyari amayobera, kandi Laura de New Marty ni umukandida ukwiye ku ruhare rw'umuziki Petrarch). Umusizi ubwe avuga gusa umukunzwe gusa ko izina rye ari Laura, wabonye bwa mbere ku ya 6 Mata 1327 mu itorero rya Santa Chiara, kandi ko ku ya 6 Mata 1348, uyu mugore yapfuye. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Laura francesco yamaganye uru rukundo imyaka icumi.
Icyegeranyo cya Kanzon na Sonnets bitangiye Laure yitwa "ii cantoniere" cyangwa "rime slogse". Ikurwaho rigizwe n'ibice bibiri. Nubwo imirimo myinshi yinjiye isobanura urukundo rwamababi kugeza ku gishushanyo, muri "Genollier" hari aho imirongo myinshi y'ikindi ngingo: Abanyamadini na politiki. Ndetse mbere mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya cumi na karindwi, iki cyegeranyo cyasubiyemo inshuro ebyiri. Abahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bava mu bihugu bitandukanye bava mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo abasiba n'abahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye, bakimara "KUBONA" banditse ku bikorwa bitemewe by'imirimo ya Francesco ku iterambere ry'ubutaliyani n'ubuvanganzo bw'isi.
Birashimishije kubona ko petrarch ubwayo itajyanye cyane nibisigo bye byabataliyani. Nubwo hari ibisigo byagize ingaruka kumugaragaro, kandi ibanza Petraque yanditse wenyine kuri we kandi ko zifatwa nkibitutsi no kubahiriza umufasha bimufasha kudashyira ubugingo. Ariko umurava n'ubuyobozi bwabo byaguye ku buryohe bw'umuryango w'isi, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyo bikorwa byagize ingaruka ku gihe cy'aho mu gihe cy'amatungo no ku banditsi b'Ibisekuruza byakurikiyeho.
Igisigo cya Peataliniya kivuga mu izina "intsinzi", aho filozofiya ye yasanze imvugo yabyo nayo izwi cyane. Muri yo, umwanditsi abifashijwemo n'inkuru avuga ku munyururu w'intsinzi: Urukundo, Urupfu, Kuba indakemwa
Umunyaminkari, Abahimbye XIV (mugihe intwaro yamaze), hanyuma xIx ibinyejana byinshi shyira iyi mirongo nkishingiro ryimirimo yabo yumuziki. Kurugero, urupapuro rwa Ferenc rwanditse "Pennet Petrarks" kuri piyano muburyo bwimbitse bwibisigo byumusizi byeguriwe ubujura.
Ibitabo ku kilatini
Ku mirimo ikomeye ya Francesco, yanditse mu kilatini harimo ibitabo bikurikira:
- Autobiography "Epistola Ad Posteros" muburyo bwamabaruwa kugeza ibisekuruza bizaza. Muri iki kiremwa, Petraka agaragaza amateka yubuzima bwe hanze (avuga kubintu byingenzi byabayeho munzira yubuzima bwe).
- Autobiography "de contepu mundi", bisobanurwa ngo "kubyerekeye agasuzuguro k'isi." Uyu mwanditsi w'akazi yanditse mu buryo bw'ibiganiro hamwe na Augustin. Ububiko bwa kabiri bwumusizi butibwira byinshi kubyerekeye kwerekana amateka yubuzima bwe, ni bangahe bijyanye n'iterambere ryimbere, urugamba hagati yibyifuzo byabo no kwitwara neza, nibindi. Ibiganiro hamwe na Augustin bihinduka duel yihariye hagati yubumuntu hamwe nubumenyi bwinyamadini nubuhinzi, aho ubumuntu butsinze.
- Ubugenzuzi (disikuru zishinja) ku bijyanye n'abahagarariye umuco, politiki, idini. Petrarch yari imwe kandi imibare ya mbere yo guhanga ishoboye kureba ibisobanuro, inyigisho no guhamwa na none kuva mubintu bikomeye. Rero, iperereza ryerekeye umuganga, watekereje siyanse ari ngombwa kuruta kuvuga no mu mivugo. Nanone, Francesco yagaragaje impamyabumenyi zitari nke z'Abafaransa (abahagarariye abayobozi b'amadini gatolika), barwanya averroight (abayoboke b'inyigisho za filozofiya zizwi cyane ku kinyejana cya XIII), n'ibiyiko by'Abaroma mu myaka ishize, n'ibindi.
- Ati: "Amabaruwa adafite aderesi" - Akoreramo umwanditsi anenga ashize amanga imico yangiritse ya Roma XII. Petrairka, mu buzima bwe, yarizeraga cyane Gatolika, ariko ntiyigeze yumva ubwoba bwo mu mwuka, imyitwarire yabo ifatwa ko bitemewe, kandi ntiyigeze agira isoni zo kunenga ku mugaragaro. "Inyuguti zidafite aderesi" zandikiwe izi nyuguti zihimbwa, noneho abantu nyabo. Ibitekerezo byo kwandika bikorwa mubikorwa nkibi byubufaransa byatijwe muri Cicero na Seneki.
- "Afurika" ni igisigo cya epic cyeguriwe ibikorwa bya Scypion. Harimo kandi amasengesho na zaburi zihannye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rw'ubuzima bwose bwa Petrarch ni Laura, imiterere yacyo itarakosorwa. Nyuma yo guhura nuyu mukobwa, umusizi imyaka itatu yamaze muri Avignan, yizeye ko azareba isura ye ku rusengero. Mu 1330, umusizi yimukiye mu bishubyi, kandi nyuma yimyaka irindwi yaguze umutungo wa Vally kugirango abe hafi ya Laura. Amaze kwemera San, Penrarch ntabwo yari afite uburenganzira bwo gushaka, ariko ntiyigeze ahuza na sinema n'abandi bagore. Inkuru ivuga ko Petrarch yari afite umwana w'intangiriro.
Juura ubwayo, uko bigaragara, umugore wubatse wari umugore we wizerwa ku mugore we na nyina w'abana cumi n'umwe. Ubushize umusizi abonye umukundwa ku ya 27 Nzeri 15 Nzeri, kandi mu 1348 umugore arapfa.
Impamvu nyayo y'urupfu ntirizwi, ariko abahanga mu by'amateka bemeza ko bishobora kuba icyorezo, kubera icyo rugize abaturage ba Avignan cyabaye mu 1348. Byongeye kandi, Laura yashoboraga gupfa kubera umunaniro kubera ubwoko bwakunze, na igituntu. Ntabwo bizwi niba port ivugwa kubyerekeye ibyiyumvo, na Liate yari azi ko yabayeho.
Abasizi bavuze ko niba Laura yabaye umugore wemewe Francesco, ntiyashoboraga kwandika abantu benshi bapakira mu cyubahiro cye. Kurugero, Byron, Karamzin, kimwe numusizi wa Soviet Ipir Guberman wabivuze. Kubitekerezo byabo, kuba kure yumukunzi, kutubahiriza petrarca yemereye kwandika imirimo ifite ingaruka zikomeye kubitabo byose byisi.
Urupfu
Ubuzima bwa Petrarch, ibikorwa bye by'ubuvanganzo byasuzumwe n'abaturage, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, yakiriye ubutumire bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Naples, Paris na Roma (hafi icyarimwe). Umusizi wahisemo Roma, aho Vieden yari indabyo za Laurel ku muhimiti muri Pasika 1341. Kugeza ku ya 1353, yabaga mu mutungo we mu kibaya, rimwe na rimwe amusigira mu ngendo cyangwa ubutumwa bwo kubwiriza.
Gusiga iteka aha hantu mu ntangiriro ya 1350, Francesco yahisemo gutura i Milan, nubwo yahawe akazi muri Minisiteri ya Florence. Gushiraho urukiko rwa Vecoti, yafashe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi.
Nyuma yaho, umusizi yashakaga gusubira mu kavukire kavukire, ariko umubano mwinshi n'imiryango yemewe yo mu Butaliyani yamubujije kubikora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yimukiye muri Venise kandi atura hafi y'umuryango w'umukobwa we utemewe.
Ariko hano petrarka ntabwo yamaranye igihe kirekire: yazengurutse buri gihe mu mijyi itandukanye y'Ubutaliyani, kandi mu mezi ashize yari mu mudugudu muto w'inka. Ngaho umusizi yapfuye mu ijoro kuva ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1974, igihe yavaga mu isabukuru yimyaka 70 kuba umunsi umwe gusa. Iyi nkuru ivuga ko Francesco yagiye ku isi ku kindi ku meza, yicaye ku kazi ku buzima bwa Sezari n'ikaramu mu ntoki. Yashyinguwe mu irimbi ryaho.
Bibliografiya
- Igitabo cy'indirimbo
- Gutsinda
- Kubyerekeye agasuzuguro ku isi
- Igitabo cy'abagabo bazwi
- Ibaruwa ku bakomoka
- Inyuguti zidafite aderesi
- Indirimbo za Bonolic
- Yahawe zaburi