Ubuzima
Isumbabyose isimbuka, niko ibabaza ubuzima bwa sekuruza wa Moscou kandi Uburusiya bwose burangwa nuyu mugani wu Burusiya. Gusiga umudugudu byoroshye ijoro ryose byabaye ugukunda umwami, ariko nanone wabuze sana ikomeye. Izina rya sekuruza rifitanye isano nibyabaye mumateka - Gutandukanya Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya.
Mu isi Nizhny Novgorod, mu mudugudu wa Veldemanovo, ku ya 17 Gicurasi 1605, habaye ikintu gishimishije mu muryango w'abahinzi boroheje: Umuhungu yavutse, witwa Nkita mugihe cyo kubatizwa. Kuva mu bizima bw'ababyeyi b'umukurambere b'ejo hazaza, Uburusiya bwose buzwiho: Se w'umuhungu wa umuhungu yarimo Marin, na nyina apfa kubyara.
Nikita yarerewe mu buryo bugajejwe, akenshi yabura adahari mu rugo, ku buryo umwana yagumye yita kuri nyirarume. By the way, umugore wa kabiri wibirombe yari afite imiterere yubugome: Umugore wangaga ikiruhuko akubita umuhungu uko ayobora, rimwe na rimwe wavanga Nikita wo mu nyanja. Se wumuryango, wababajwe nubwibone bwumugore wa kabiri mubijyanye numuhungu we, gusubira murugo akenshi bakubita uwo bashakanye. Icyakora, byari byiza ibyanjye ngo asohoke ku muryango w'inzu, agasuzuguro katagira iherezo k'umuhungu muto cyakomeje.
Nikita yagize imyumvire mibi ya Mama warezwe, gushaka ihumure mu Byanditswe, ndetse n'umuhungu yasunikiye urukundo nyirakuru. Minisitiri w'itorero yari umwana ufite impano, aho kuba imikino mu kirere cyiza n'abasore bahisemo impamyabumenyi.
Orthodoxie
Igihe umuryango w'abahinzi wari ufite imyaka 12, umuhungu yagiye muri Romaskid Makariyev Makariyev, iherereye ku nkombe y'ibumoso ya Vob, aho yamaze imyaka 1624. Ariko mu myumvire ya benewanya bashutse umusore wo muri Serivisi y'uburiganya, Nikita ahatirwa gusubira mu mudugudu we kavukire, aho yiboneye urupfu rwa nyogokuru na papa.
Muri huldemanovo nikon yashakanye kandi ifata san Ierie. Mu ikubitiro, umutambyi afite imihango y'itorero mu mudugudu uturanye wa Lyskovo, ariko amaze guhura, ariko amaze guhura, ariko amaze guhura nacyo, abarozi bakorera Moscou, kubera ko abacuruzi ba Metropolitan bamenye ibyerekeye gushiraho no gusoma Selyanin. Byari mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya ko kuvunika igihe kizaza cy'ejo hazaza h'itorero rya orotodogisi bizabaho.
Ubuzima bwumuryango Nikita hamwe nabashakanye biragoye guhamagara byishimo: Abashakanye bananiwe gutangiza abazabakomokaho, kubera ko abana bavutse bapfiriye mumyaka yashize. Umupadiri yisanze igihombo gibabaje nkigihombo cya hejuru, bivuze ko kuvana ubuzima bwisi. Rero, mu 1635, IERIA yemeje ko uwo bashakanye abahinduka ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cy'abihaye Imana aboneye.
Gusiga amafaranga y'ibiri mu mugore we, Nikita Minkin w'imyaka mirongo itatu, nikita afata tonseri mu kigo cya Sudtack kandi ihinduka Nikoni: abbot yo gucika intege muri Eleyazari ubwayo yakoze uru rubingo. Hashingiwe ku idini rya orotodogisi, umuntu wateyenya abihayimana apfira ubuzima bwahoze ari isi kandi afata irindi zina, kubona intangiriro yo mu mwuka.
Nikon Yazimiwe ku buzima kandi bustle ya Nikon yitegereza ubuzima bw'amazungu, ataruye, asoma ibitabo byera kandi asenga, atanga ubushake n'ubugingo bwo gusenga Imana. Ubuzima bwo muri Skete, buherereye ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cy'uruziga, bwari bugari, abamamaza bagombaga gusoma inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za Bibiliya ijoro ryose, ntabwo yoza n'amaso ananiwe. Ibiryo mu gukemura abihayi ntibatandukanye n'ubwinshi: Abavumbuwe bakoreshwaga n'ibigega by'imbuto n'imbuto, n'ifu yatambwe.
Kubera serivisi zishimwa no gusoma no kwandika, Nikon ahinduka umuhigo wa Nyiricyubahiro Eleyazari Anzersky, ejo hazaza heza muri miriyoni yo gukora miniyoni yigenga, kandi ikigo cya Nikon cyiringiye.
Ariko mu 1639, Inok Nikon naho umusaza Eleyazari afite ibyo atumvikanaho yerekeye kubaka itorero rishya, sekuruza w'abavandimwe Moscou, atabonye inkunga y'abavandimwe, ataba yarabonye inkunga y'abavandimwe, agomba guhunga abavandimwe yakoreye igihe kirekire.
Amaze kuzerera, Nikon asanga ihumure mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, kandi nyuma y'urupfu rw'urusengero ruhinduka Igumen.
Mu 1646, umuyobozi w'idini asubira mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya mu gukusanya impano z'abihaye Imana kandi akurikije imigenzo y'umugezi wa kera uzanye n'umuheto wa Alexey Mikhaiaich.
Nikon yakubise umwami uburezi n'umwami. By the way, Alexey Mikhaich yavuye kuri man abihaye Imana kandi idini rya orotodogisi kandi itorero ryarumiraga.
Nyuma yo gushyikirana na padiri, igikomangoma cyabonye ko yashakaga kubona uyu muntu i Moscou, bityo Iguman ahindurwa mu murwa mukuru. Bamwe mu batambara ntibakunze umwami umusaza woroheje, ariko, nyamara, gusiga umuryango w'abahinzi abahinzi babaye achimandrite ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi ya orotodogisi.
Kuba muri serivisi, Nikon abaye umwe mu bagize "ishyari ryo kubaha Imana", washinzwe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17.
Nyuma, mu 1649, minin ihinduka Metropolitan Diyosezi ya Novgorod hamwe numwete udasanzwe ukora inshingano, bigatuma serivisi kubashinzwe gushishikaje.
Mu 1650, imyigaragambyo ikunzwe na Veliky Novgorod, impamvu yo kutanyurwa kw'abaturage yari izamuka rikarishye mu biciro by'umugati. Abitabiriye kwigomeka kwaho hari abantu bahembwa bitandukanye, kubarashe, abakene nabanyabukorikori: Abarusiya barwanyaga leta ya Setura. Ariko kubera umwanya urambye wa Metropolitan Nikon, waburaniye inyungu za Alexei Mikhaia nandi basangirangendo, Novgorod ban bacitse intege.
Abayobozi bo mu myigaragamkaridi bari bategereje igihano cy'ukwigishwa, nyuma byahindutse ku gukubita ikiboko. Kwicara igihano cyabaye kuri Metropolitan, ntabwo yakomeje kutita ku bantu b'isi: Nikon yasuye umusoro ku isi: Nikon yasuye abaterankunga maze yumva nabi abantu boroheje, kubera ko bamwe mu baturage basanze guhumurizwa na disikuru ya yatowe Metropolitan.
Umukurambere
Nikon yabaye uwakira ubwerandawe bwe Yozefu, wapfuye ku ya 25 Mata 1652 kugeza ku wa kane ukomeye. Abahamiye bifuzaga ko itorero rya San San Paruwasi riha Stefan y'urugendo rwa Stefan yo kugenda, ariko yanga gutoragura kandidatiya, kuko atashoboraga kwihanganira umugambini w'amatungo y'umwami.
Ku kinyejana cy'Uburusiya mu kinyejana cya 17, izina rya Musenyeri - Primer ryatumye umupadiri-Primer Ompanged The Padiri: Umukurambere w'Uburusiya bose ashobora kwikemurira ibibazo bya politiki kugenga, yerekeza ku makosa, ndetse no kugahana abajuringisha no guhana abantu warenze ku mategeko yumwuka. Mubyukuri, Alexey Mikhaiahiah yagize Nikon mugenzi we.
Mu gihe cyo kubaka Shegumen muri PatriarySstesky San Nikon, Alexey Mikhaiahich yatsindiye isezerano ko nta na rimwe mu bihe byose byabangamira mu bibazo by'itorero.
Ivugurura n'itorero
Minin yagumyeho abantu bakunda kandi bagira ingaruka ku bibazo bya politiki, bashimira sekuruza w'isi ya Moscow mu 1654, guhura n'Uburusiya na Ukraine, na Nikon byashishikazwaga kubaka no kugarura insengero.
Ibikorwa byo kuvugurura abakurambere bya Moscou no mu Burusiya byose nikon byasize inzira mu mateka kubera kugabana kw'itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya muri 1650-1660.
Impamvu yo gutandukana yatangiye kugaragara kuva igihe cyo gushinga ishyari "ishyari ryo kubaha Imana". Abitabiriye iryo tsinda ry'amadini baganiriye ku kibazo cyo guhuza abayobozi b'amadini kandi bahamagarira uburinganire bwo gusoma Ibyanditswe no kuyobora imihango. Gusa hano kubyerekeye kwemeza icyitegererezo cyumwimerere muri rusange hari ukutumvikanaga: Umuntu yariyemeje umuco wa Byzantine, mugihe abandi bashingiye ku nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za kera z'Abarusiya.
Hamwe no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ku mukurambere, uruziga rw'ingimbi rwasenyutse, ariko abizera bashaje ntibashimiye umunyapolitiki wa Nikon bakomeje kurwanya umukurambere. Nikon yashyizeho amategeko mashya ya liturujiya mu 1653, yateje amacakubiri hagati y'abasapite n'abasambanyi n'abakera.
Ivugurura rya Nikon ryari rikurikira:
- Ibitabo by'itorero byasubiwemo kandi bisobanurwa hakurikijwe amajwi y'Abagereki
- Ikimenyetso cy'inzira ebyiri cyamenyesheje hamwe umubatizo wUburusiya wasimbujwe intego eshatu. Kubayoboke ba "orthodogisi ya orthodogisi", intoki ebyiri zasobanuraga imiterere ya Kristo ihujwe, kandi batatu bashushanyaga Ubutatu butagatifu. Kubwibyo, birasa, impinduka nkeya muri serivisi zari ingenzi kubanyamadini.
- Yahinduye kwandika izina rya Kristo: Izus yabaye Yesu
- Isishye isi yahinduwe na Bowl Bonds
- Ijambo "Alilyuya" ryatangiye kuvuga inshuro eshatu aho kuba bibiri, nibindi.
Abizera ba kera ntabwo banyuzwe n'amategeko mashya gusa, ariko kandi bafite uburyo bukomeye bwayoborwaga n'umukurambere Nikon, batangajwe n'intoki ebyiri batangajwe na ANATHEMA. Uwa mbere muhanganye, washyize imbere abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bushya aribwo buryo bw '"idini rya kera" protopop Avvakum.
Alexey Mikhaich yubahwa Nikon kandi aha minina izina rye "veliky sovied" (Data Mikhail Fedorovich filaret yakoreshwaga muri Nikon Titul), ariko bidatinze habaye amakimbirane hagati y'umusekuruza n'umwami. Impamvu yo kutumvikana ni code ya katedrali yemejwe muri 1649. Iyi miterere yamategeko ya leta yagabanutse uko itorero rya orotodogisi rihagaze kandi ritubahirizwa rwose na leta.
Nanone, abazuka ntibakunze inzira ya Nikoni ku mwami, bakubitwa umukurambere w'amayeri, kandi ibisubizo ntibyatumye imizi yahinduye imyifatire ya Alexey Mikhaiach to Minin. Kubera ibyabaye ku madini y'abayobozi b'amadini, Nikon ahatirwa mu kutumvikana gusiga Moscou.
Mu 1666, Urukiko rwa Katedrali waho rwitorero ry'Uburusiya rwafashe icyemezo cyo gukuramo Nikon kuva aho Panayarystsky Sana kandi akamugira mu bupadiri kuri "Anti-indege".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mubuzima bwa Nikon, umukurambere Nikon yari umuntu wize kandi usoma neza utatangaye ubumenyi bwuzuye bw'Ibyanditswe Byera, ahubwo yasomekeye ubwenge bwa buri munsi. Biragoye gucira urubanza umwirondoro wa Nikon, nk'abizera bashaje n'abashyigikiye ivugurura rishya biranga uyu muntu muburyo butandukanye. Bimwe mubuzima byanditswe ko Nikon aricyo gishushanyo mbonera cya orotodogisi, ivugurura ryagiye ku nyungu; Abandi bemeza ko minin ari umuntu ukomeye, umururumba kandi w'umugome witeguye kujya muri byose kugirango abone aho umwami aherereye.
Igihe abacamanza bakuyeho Nikon bava Sana, ikibaho kiyobowe ku nyenyeri y'ibidukikije byose "ibyaha" byose by'abakurambere, kandi nibyo byari muri iyo nyandiko:
"Nikon atagira cathedral we yisuzumye ku giti cye musapipipipi w'i Palomna Sana, kandi ko" mu bisha aho, abakene bapfuye: cyangwa bayobewe inyamaswa, cyangwa kugwa mu ruzi zirapfa. "Ariko, nta mateka yabanyamateka ashobora gucira urubanza aya makuru.
Urupfu
Amashusho ya Cyril-Besarsky, aho urufatiro rukabije rwateye imbere, rwateje ubuzima bwe.
Tsar nshya yikirusiya Ferisor Alekseevich yimpuhwe hamwe no gutangiza, bityo, binyuranye nicyifuzo cyitorero, yemererwa kuba umukurambere, yemererwa kuba umukurambere, yemerera abahoze ari umukurambere, yemererwa uwahoze ari abakurambere, yemerera abahoze ari umukurambere, yemerera abahoze ari umukurambere, yemererwa abahoze ari umukurambere basubiye mu kigo cy'umujina. Monk urwaye cyane ntabwo yamenye umuhanda wa kure apfira kuri Larovl isi ku ya 17 Kanama 1681.