Amateka y'inyuguti
Gregory Melekhov - Inyuguti nkuru yubushyare "ituje Don", irananirana ishakisha umwanya wabyo mu isi ihinduka. Mu rwego rw'ibyabaye mu mateka, Mikhail Sholokhov yerekanye iherezo ritoroshye rya Don Coscack, ninde ushobora gukunda no kurwana no kurwana.Amateka yo Kurema
Gutekereza igitabo gishya, Mikhail Sholokhov ntabwo yibwira ko akazi amaherezo kagwa muri epopeus. Byose byatangiye ari umwere. Hagati y'izuba ryo mu 1925, umwanditsi yatangiye mu gice cya mbere cy '"ubunamiro" - mbere na mbere ryatwaga umurimo uwo mwanditsi yashakaga kwerekana ubuzima bw'amakositimu muri revolution. Kuva intangiriro, ibikaro byagiye bigizwe n'ingabo za Cornilov kuri Petrograpp. Bukwi na bukwi, Umwanditsi yahagaritse igitekerezo cy'uko abasomyi badashobora kumva intego z'ibikorikori mu guhagarika impinduramatwara nta maremwa, kandi yasubije inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki mu mfuruka mu mfuruka.
Umwaka umwe umwe ni uko umwe gusa, iyo gahunda yeze rwose: muri Roman Mikhail Alexandrovich yashakaga kwerekana ubuzima bw'abantu ku giti cyabo hakurya y'ibyabaye mu gihe kuva 1914 kugeza 1921. Iherezo ribabaje ry'abantu nyamukuru, harimo na Grigoria Melekhov, nagombaga kuba mu ngingo zikomeye, kandi kubwibyo byari hafi kumenyera imigenzo n'inyuguti z'abatuye umurima w'ikamba. Umwanditsi wa "Guceceka Don" yimukiye mu gihugu cye, mu mudugudu wa Vishnevskaya, aho yishe mu buzima bw '"ubunanga".
Mu gushakisha inyuguti nziza kandi ikirere kidasanzwe, cyashinze ku mpapuro z'akazi, yahuye n'abatangabuhamya b'intambara ya mbere ku isi ndetse n'ibyabatangabuhamya kuva mu madasi, imyizerere n'ibintu bya folklore yaho Abatuye, hamwe no guhuhura moscou na rostov Archives bashakisha ukuri kubuzima bwizo myaka ya dick.
Hanyuma, ingano ya mbere ya "dona ituje" yabonye urumuri. Yagaragaye ingabo z'Uburusiya ku ntambara y'intambara. Igitabo cya kabiri cyongeyeho ubutegetsi bwo muri Gashyantare na Revolution ya Ukwakira, eke zivugwa ko zitigeze. Gusa mu bice bibiri byambere byagati Sholokhov byashyizwemo intwari zimyaka amagana, mugihe kizaza binjiye mu nyuguti 70. Muri rusange, ibyamamare byarambuye mu gitabo enye, icya nyuma cyarangiye mu 1940.
Igikorwa cyasohotse mu bitabo "Ukwakira", "Gazeta", "Isi Nshya" na "Izvetia", "Izerera vuba kumenyekana kubasomyi. Baguze ibinyamakuru, baguze abanditsi bafite isubiramo, n'umwanditsi - amabaruwa. Intwari zatewe ibyago ibitabo by'Abasoviyeti bifatwa nk'ihungabana bwite. Mu masoko, birumvikana ko Gregory Melekhov yavuze.
Igishimishije, murwego rwa mbere Gregory ntirwahari, ariko nahuye niyi zina mumateka yambere yumwanditsi - ngaho intwari yamaze guhabwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'ejo hazaza "umuturage". Prototype yumushakashatsi wa Melekhov yo guhanga Sholokhov atekereza kuri Cossuck Harlampia Ermakov, akatigishaga kumpera ya 20 kumasasu. Umwanditsi ubwe ntiyigeze azwi uko uyu mugabo yabaye prototype yicyicaro. Hagati aho, Mikhail Alexandrovich mu gihe cyo gukusanya amateka y'igitabo cyahuye na Ermakov ndetse anayobora hamwe na we.
Ubuzima
Igitabo cyerekanwe ibihe byose byubuzima bwa Grigory Melekhov mbere yintambara na nyuma. Don Cossack yavutse mu 1892 mu murima w'amabati (umudugudu wa Vesshinskaya), mugihe itariki nyayo y'amavuko itagaragaza umwanditsi. Se w'isafuriya ya Melekhov yigeze gufatwa nk'uwatemeye mu murima wamanda mukuru, ariko ashaje. Ubuzima bwumusore ukiri muto kugeza igihe gishize mu busakuro, mu bibazo by'amatungo asanzwe: umufuka, kuroba, kwita ku bukungu. Mwijoro - Amateraniro ya Distic hamwe nubwiza bwa Akigsigni Astakakhova, umudamu wubatse, ariko akundana numusore.
Se atishimiye uyu mutima kandi yihutira kurongora umuhungu we kumukobwa utagira urukundo - Meek Natalia Karshunova. Ariko, ubukwe ntibukemura ikibazo. Gregory yumva ko badashobora kwibagirwa Axinha, nuko ijugunya uwo mwashakanye kandi ikemura na nyirabuja mumitungo ya Pan. Umunsi wimpeshyi wo mu 1913 wa Melekhov uhinduka se - umukobwa we wa mbere wagaragaye ku isi. Ibyishimo by'abashakanye byahindutse bigufi: Ubuzima bwarimbuye intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, yitwa Gregory guha inshingano mu gihugu cye.
Melekhov yarwanye mu ntambara yo kwitanga kandi yihebye, muri imwe mu misozi yakomeretse mu jisho. Ku bw'ubutwari bw'umurwanyi, umusaraba wa Jeworgievsky no kwiyongera kwagaragaye, kandi mu gihe kizaza, imisaruka itatu n'imidari bine bizongerwa mu bagabo batsinze ibihembo. Mbabajwe n'ibitekerezo bya politiki by'intwari. Kumenyera mu bitaro hamwe na Bolshevik Garant, wemeza ko ari akarengane k'ubutegetsi bwa cyami.
Hagati aho, Gregory Melekhova ategereje imyigaragambyo - Akinha, yishwe n'agahinda (urupfu rw'umukobwa muto), yiha umutware wa mwene wabo w'umutungo wa Lomatits. Umugabo wa gisivili wageze bwa mbere ntabwo yababariwe ubuhemu asubira mu bashakanye basezeranye, nyuma nyuma bimubyaye abana babiri.
Mu ntambara y'abenegihugu, Geregori arahaguruka kuruhande rwa "umutuku". Ariko mu 1918, byatengushye muri Bolsheviks no kwinjira mu nzego z'abayoboye imyigaragambyo irwanya ingabo zitukura kuri Don, iba umuyobozi w'ishami. Umujinya mwinshi kuri Bolsheviks mu bugingo bw'intwari ukangura urupfu rw'umuvandimwe mukuru Petro uvuye mu maboko ya mugenzi we, ushyigikiye imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti zo muri Mishk koshevoy.
Ku rukundo imbere, barimo guteka - igituba ntigishobora kubona amahoro kandi kikavunika hagati y'abagore babo. Kubera ubushishozi bukaze kuri axier Melekhov yananiwe kubaho mumahoro mumuryango. Ubuhemu buhoraho bw'umugabo we yasunitse Natalia kugeza gukuramo inda, bikabya. Urupfu rutaragera rwumugore ni umuntu mubibazo, nyuma ya byose, uwo bashakanye, nabo basubiye inyuma, ariko amarangamutima yoroheje.
Ibitero by'ingabo zitukura ku gihuha ingabo Gregory Melekhov kugirango ujye kwiruka muri Novorossisk. Ngaho, intwari yatwarwaga ku ngaruka zapfuye yinjiye muri Bolsheviks. 1920 yaranzwe no kugaruka kwa digisi mu gihugu cye, aho akemura hamwe n'abana ba Aksinyi. Guverinoma nshya yatangiye gutoteza uwahoze ari "umweru", no guhungira kwa Kuban kugira ngo "ubuzima butuje" Akinhu bwakomeretse. Kunanirwa gato ku isi, ububasha bwasubiye mu mudugudu we kavukire, kubera ko abategetsi bashya basezeranyaga imbabazi ibisenge by'inyeshyamba.
Mikhail Sholokhov yashyize ingingo mubyabaye ahantu hashimishije cyane, kandi ntizigera asoma abasomyi kubyerekeye iherezo rya Melekhov. Ariko, ntabwo bigoye gutekereza ko byamubayeho. Abahanga mu by'amateka bahamagarira abakunda amatsiko yo guhanga umwanditsi kugira ngo basuzume itariki y'urupfu y'umuntu wakundaga kurasa prototype ye - 1927.
Ishusho
Iherezo ryangiza hamwe nimpinduka yimbere Gregory Melekhova yahamagaye binyuze muburyo bwe. Mu rukundo numusore ushinzwe gutegurira umusore urangije igitabo kirangiye gihinduka umurwanyi ukaze ufite imvi numutima uvuza ubwenge:
"... Nari nzi ko ntagishaka kumuseka nka mbere; Yari azi ko amaso ye akubita kandi akinga cyane umusaya, kandi abonye, yarushagaho kumurika ubugome butagira icyo bufitemo ubuzima. "Gregory ni choleric isanzwe: imiterere, irangi cyane kandi idahwitse, igaragara mubibazo byurukundo ndetse no mubucuti na byose. Imiterere yintwari nkuru "Dona ituje" nimyoda yubutwari, ubutwari ndetse no kwicisha bugufi, kwicisha bugufi, kwicisha bugufi, kwicisha bugufi, ingwate n'inzangano bitagira ingano byahujwe.
Sholokhov yaremye intwari hamwe n'ubugingo bufunguye bushobora impuhwe, imbabazi n'ubumuntu: ububoko birabazwa n'impanuka y'impanuka, akize ku ntambara ya Corstan Asthakhov, Umwanzi we yarahiye, umugabo wa Axigy
Mugushakisha ukuri kwa Melekhov, umutuku kugeza ku bazungu yatanyaguwe cyera, kubera igisubizo, aba ahinduka, udafata uruhande rumwe. Umugabo agaragara intwari nyayo yigihe cye. Ibyago bye biri mu nkuru ubwayo, mugihe ubuzima butuje ubuzima bubi, ahindura abakozi bafite amahoro mubantu bababaye. Gushakisha mu mwuka byimico byashyikirijwe neza interuro y'Abaroma:
"Yahagaze ku rugamba rw'intambara ya babiri atangira, arahakana bombi."Kwibeshya byose byakuwe mu ntambara z'intambara y'abenegihugu: Uburakari kuri Bolsheviks no gutenguha "bituma intwari ishakisha inzira ya gatatu muri revolution, ariko yumva ko muri" Mwaramutse udashobora - kubaza. " Iyo gukunda ubuzima bushimishije, Grigory Melekhov ntabwo yigeze ubona kwizera muri we, kuguma icyarimwe imico yabantu hamwe numuntu wagushize mubihe byagenwe byigihugu.
Flaxation ya advel "ntucecekeye"
Epic Sholokhov yagaragaye inshuro enye kuri ecran ya firime. Dukurikije ibitabo bibiri byambere mu 1931, filime yo mu nda yakuweho, aho uruhare runini rwakozwe na Andrei Apricos (Grigory Melekhov) na Emma Cesarian (Akinha). Hariho ibihuha byerekana ko umwanditsi yaremye gukomeza "guceceka" inyuguti z'intwari zubu buryo.
Ishusho yo gutobora akazi yashyikirijwe abareba muri Soviet mu 1958 Umuyobozi Sergei GerariMov. Igice cyiza cyigihugu cyakundanye nintwari ikozwe na Peter Glebova. Cossack nziza cyane yagoramye urukundo hamwe na Elina Bystrisky, uzwi cyane mu ruhare rwa Axighte. Umugore Melekhova Nataliya yakinnye Zinaida Kiryanko. Ibihembo bya Filime bigizwe na premium birindwi, harimo na diploma yabishinzwe ububiko bwa Amerika ishyirahamwe.
Ikindi gishushanyo mbonera cy'igitabo ni icya Sergey Bondarpick. Hejuru ya firime "Guceceka Don" 2006, Uburusiya, Ubwongereza n'Ubutaliyani byagenze. Uruhare nyamukuru rwemejwe na Rupert Everetta, kandi amashusho y'abagore agaragaza ishyamba rya Dolphine (Akinha) na Alena Bondarduckuk (Natalia).
Hanyuma, iherezo rya nyuma rya Don Coskack ryagize uruhare rwa Sergey Ursulak. Urukurikirane "Guceceka" kwerekanwa ku muyoboro w'Uburusiya-1 mu gihe cy'impeshyi 2015. Umuyobozi agira uruhare muri filime y'abakinnyi bato: batatu beza cyane Evgeny Tkachuk, Polina Cheryshov na Daria Ursulak.
Ibintu bishimishije
Kuko "St Long Son Sholokhov, Mikhail Sholokhov yashinjwaga kwiba. Abashakashatsi ba "Epic" basuzumye yibwe Umuzungu wapfiriye mu ntambara y'abenegihugu. Umwanditsi ndetse yagombaga gusubika umurimo wo kwandika igitabo gikurikiranwa mu gihe Komisiyo idasanzwe yakorerwanwa n'amakuru yakiriwe. Ariko, ikibazo cyo kwandika ntirakemutse.
Umukinnyi wa Novice ya Theatre nto Andrei Apricot nyuma yuko premiere ya "hacecekeye Don" yabyutse. Birashimishije kubona ibyo, mu rusengero rwa Melpomen, ntabwo yigeze ajya aho - ntabwo yatangaga inshingano. Hamwe nakazi, umugabo nawe ntiyahangayikishijwe no guhura, soma igitabo mugihe amasasu yari asanzwe ahinda umushyitsi.