Ubuzima
Nicholas I - Umwami w'abami bose, King Igipolonye na Grand Prince Finlande, autocrats cumi na gatanu yaturutse mu ngoma ya Romayov. Inzamu ya Alexander I, yangiriye Alexandre II.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwami w'abami azavuka ku ya 6 Nyakanga (25 Kamena mu buhanzi.) 1796 mu mudugudu w'ibwami. Nikolai yabaye umuhungu wa gatatu w'Umwami w'abami Pawulo njye na Umusonga Mariya Fegorovna. Kuva mu bwana, umuhungu yari acunzwe ashishikaye mu mikino ya Gisirikare. Mu gihe cy'imyaka ngarukamwaka, ipeti rya Koloneli ryakiriwe, maze mu myaka itatu umwana ahabwa Mundir w'abarinzi b'ubukene impaka, kubera ko ejo hazaza h'umwana yateganijwe mbere kuva akivuka. Dukurikije imigenzo ya Grand Duke, utari umuraro utaziguye ku ntebe y'ubwami, yateguwe umwuga wa gisirikare.
Uburere bugera kurine, uburere bwa Nikolai bwashinzwe urukiko Ferine Charlotte Karlovna von Misson, nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, Pawulo, inshingano zinshingano zashyikirijwe Jenerali Lampevrof. Uburezi bwo murugo Nikolai na murumuna we Mikhail kwari kwiga ubukungu, amateka, geografiya, jurispudunce hamwe nubuhanga. Yitabwaho cyane ku ndimi z'amahanga: Igifaransa, Ikidage n'Ikilatini.
Niba inyigisho n'amasomo ku bumenyi bw'abantu byahawe Nikolai bigoye, icyo gihe byose bireba ibikorwa bya gisirikare n'ubuhanga, byamushimishije. Umumiperi uzaza mu rubyiruko rwe yashinze umukino mu bwigenge afata amasomo. Kumenyana nubuhanzi byemewe nikolai pavlovich nyuma bitangwa na Synoisseur ya Opera na Ballet.
Kuva mu 1817, Grand Duke yerekeje igice cy'ubwubatsi bw'ingabo z'Uburusiya. Ku buyobozi bwe, ibigo by'uburezi byashyizweho muri sosiyete, batayo. Mu 1819, Nikolay yazamuye ifungura ry'ishuri rikuru rishinzwe ubukuru n'ishuri ry'abarinzi.
Mu ngabo za murumuna wa Emiperor Alexandre Na, ntizishimira iyo mitekerereze ikabije, ubuvumo bwo guturika no gukama. Grand Duke yari umuntu washyizweho kugirango akomeze kugandukira amategeko, ariko icyarimwe yashoboraga kwanga nta mpamvu.
Mu 1820, ikiganiro kimuvandimwe mukuru Alegizandere hamwe na Nikolai, aho umwami w'ibishyingiraho yavuze ko intebe ya Kontantin yanze inshingano, kandi uburenganzira bwo gutegeka yimurirwa i Nikolai. Amakuru yumusore yakubise amakuru: Ntabwo ari umuco cyangwa ubwenge nikolai ntabwo yiteguye gucunga imicungire ishoboka y'Uburusiya.
Nubwo imyigaragambyo, Alexandre muri Manifeste yerekanye ko wasimbuye Nicholas kandi agahanishwa gufungura impapuro nyuma y'urupfu rwe. Nyuma yibyo, imyaka itandatu, ubuzima bwo muri Grand Duke ntibutandukanijwe hanze, Nikolai yishora mu gisirikare, agenzura ibigo bya Gisirikare.
Ikibaho no kwigomeka k'abashumba
Ukuboza 1 (19 Ugushyingo mu buhanzi. Ubuhanzi.) 1825, Alexandre napfuye gitunguranye. Uyu mwami yari muri ako kanya kure y'umurwa mukuru w'Uburusiya, bityo rero amakuru atoroshye y'umwanda yahawe nyuma y'icyumweru. Kubera gushidikanya kwe, Nikolai yatangije kontantin njye mu rukiko no mu gisirikare. Ariko Inama ya Leta yasohowe na Manifeste ya Royal, yerekana umuragwa wa Nikolai Pavlovich.
Umutware Duke yari agifite ubushishozi mu cyemezo cyo kugira ngo yinjire mu mwanya nk'uwo ashinzwe kandi arunama, Sena na Sinodi kurahira. Ariko Kantantin, wari muri Polonye, ntabwo yari agiye kuza i St. Petersburg. Nicholas w'imyaka 29 y'amavuko ntacyo yari afite, nk'uko byemeranijwe n'ubushake bwa Alexandre I. Itariki ya Renovyagi mbere yuko ingabo zimaze ku ya 26 Ukuboza (14 Ukuboza mu buhanzi).
Kuri Eva yahumetswe n'ibitekerezo by'ubuntu ku bijyanye no gukuraho imbaraga z'umwami no gushyiraho inyubako y'ubugingo mu Burusiya, abitabiriye amahugurwa y'ubuntu mu Burusiya, umuryango w'agakiza "wafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha ibintu bya politiki bidashidikanywaho no guhindura inzira y'amateka . Dukurikije uko uvugwa mu gihugu cyose, nk'uko abateguye kwigomeka kwa S. Trubetsky, S. Muravyova - Intumwa, P. Pesytab, yagombaga guhitamo bumwe mu buryo bubiri bwa guverinoma: Ingoma Itegeko Nshinga cyangwa The Repubulika.
Ariko gahunda y'abigometse ku byarananiranye, kubera ko ingabo zitagenda ku ruhande rwabo, kandi imyigaragambyo y'abapfumu yahagaritswe vuba. Nyuma y'urubanza, abategura batanu baramanitswe, kandi abitabiriye amahugurwa n'abimpuhwe boherejwe kumurongo. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'abashumba K. F. Ryleyev, P. I. Pestel, P. G. Idepin, S. Muravyova - Igihano nicyo gihano cyonyine cy'urupfu I.
Ubukwe bwa Grand Duke ku Bwami bwabereye ku ya 22 Kanama (3 Nzeri.) Muri katedrale ya Kremlin. Muri Gicurasi 189, Nicholas ninjiye mu burenganzira bw'abacuruzi b'Ubwami bwa Polonye.
Politiki yo mu rugo
Nicholas naje kuba Yarym AtHerchy. Ibitekerezo by'umwami byari bishingiye kuri baleine eshatu z'umuryango w'Uburusiya - Autocracy, orotodogisi n'ubwenegihugu. Amategeko y'Umwami yafashe akurikije ibikorwa byayo bidashidikanywaho. Nicholas Nashatse Kurema Ishyari, ariko Kubungabunga no kunoza gahunda iriho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwami yageze ku ntego ze.
Politiki yo mu rugo rw'Umwami mushya yatandukanijwe no koherezwa no kwiyemeza ku rwandiko rw'amategeko ko yabyaye burundu mu Burusiya kuruta Uburusiya kuruta ubutegetsi bwa Nikolai I. Ku rwego rwa Nikolai I. IGIKORWA CY'IGIHUGU yo kugenzura ubugome no gushoboza amategeko y'Itegeko ry'Uburusiya. Igabana ry'ibiro by'ibanga riyobowe na Benkendorf, byagize iperereza rya politiki.
Ubucuruzi bwacapwe bwaravuguruwe kandi. Ubugenzuzi bwa Leta bwashyizweho n'itegeko ryihariye ryakurikiranwe kubera ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byacapwe nibitabo biteye amakenga birwanya ubutegetsi bubi. Guhindura byakozweho na Serfodomu.
Abahinzi bahamagajwe ubutaka butavuwe muri Siberiya no mu buraro, aho abashoramari bimukiye batitaye ku cyifuzo. Ibikorwa remezo byateguwe mu midugudu mishya, byatumye Agrotechnik nshya. Ibirori byashinzwe ibisabwa kugirango iseswa rya Serfdomu.
Nicholas nagaragaje ko nshishikajwe cyane no guhanga udushya mu nyeruzi. Mu 1837, ku cyabujijwe umwami, kubaka Gariyamoshi ya mbere byarangiye, bihuriye na Tsarskoye Selo na St Sterburg. Gutunga imitekerereze yubusesenguzi nubutaka, Nicholas Nakoresheje Uburayi bwa gari ya moshi. Rero, umwami yabujije ibyago byo kwinjira mu tekinike y'abanzi mu Burusiya.
Nicholas Nagize uruhare runini mumirongo yubukungu bwa leta. Mu 1839, umwami yatangiye kuvugurura imari, intego yacyo yari gahunda ihuriweho yo kubara ibiceri bya feza n'ibikoresho. Kugaragara kwa Kopecks Impinduka, kuruhande rumwe rwibanze yumwami wumwami uyobora ubu. Minisiteri y'imari yatangijwe no guhanahana amabuye y'agaciro iri mu baturage, amatike y'inguzanyo. Mu myaka 10, ikigega cya Leta cyongereye ikigega cya zahabu na feza.
Politiki y'Ububanyi n'amahanga
Muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, umwami yashakishije kugabanuka mu cyifuzo cyibitekerezo byubuntu muburusiya. Nicholas Nashatse gushimangira umwanya wa Leta mu byerekezo bitatu: Iburengerazuba, Iburasirazuba n'amajyepfo. Umwami w'abami yahagaritse ko abahanganye n'ubutegetsi bushoboka ku mugabane w'i Burayi, nyuma yaho yaje kwitwa "Gendarme y'u Burayi".
Nyuma ya Alexander I, Nicholas Nakomeje kunoza umubano na Prussia na Otirishiya. Umwami yari akeneye gushimangira imbaraga muri Caucase. Ikibazo cy'iburasirazuba cyarimo umubano na Ottoman, kugabanuka kwabyo byatumye bishoboka guhindura imyanya y'Uburusiya muri Balkans no ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bw'inyanja y'umukara.
Intambara n'imibavu
Mu gihe cy'Inama y'Ubutegetsi, Nicholas Natubayeho mu mahanga mu mahanga. Nukuzamura ubwami, umwami w'abami yahatiwe gufata imyirondoro y'intambara ya Caucase, yatangiye mukuru we. Mu 1826, umwami yasohoye ubukangurambaga bw'Uburusiya-Persian, ibisubizo byacyo cyari cyo kwinjira muri Arumeniya mu bwami bw'Uburusiya.
Mu 1828, intambara y'Uburusiya-Turukiya yatangiye. Mu 1830, ingabo z'Uburusiya zatanze imyigaragambyo ya Polonye, yavutse nyuma y'ubukwe mu 1829 na Nicholas mu Bwami bwa Polonye. Mu 1848, imirima yangiritse muri Hongiriya yongeye kubyara ingabo z'Uburusiya.
Mu 1853, Nicholas natangiye intambara ya Crimeani, uruhare rwahindukirira umutegetsi gusenyuka mu mwuga wa politiki. Ntabwo niteze ko ingabo zo muri Turukiya ziva mu Bwongereza n'Ubufaransa zizafashwa, Nikolai natakaje ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare. Uburusiya bwatakaye ku nyanja yirabura, bumaze gutakaza amahirwe yo kubaka no gukoresha igihome cya gisirikare ku nkombe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nikolai Pavlovich hamwe n'umugore uzaza, umwamikazi wa Prussiya Charlotte, umukobwa wa Friedrich Wilhelm III, yamenyesheje Alexandre I. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Urubyiruko rwarashyingiranywe rufite umutekano-Prussian. Mbere y'ubukwe, Umuganwakazi w'Ubudage yemeye orthodoxie, izina rya Alexander Fedorovna ryakiriye.
Mu myaka 9 y'amashyi mu muryango w'abatware bakuru, Alexandre n'abakobwa batatu bavutse - Maria, Olga, Alegizandere. Nyuma y'umunani w'intebe, Maria Fedorovna yerekanye Nicholas Ndacyari abahungu batatu - Kantantin, Nikolai, Mikhaila, bityo atanga intebe y'ubwami. Hamwe n'umugore we umwami w'abami yabayeho mu buryo buhuje n'urupfu.
Urupfu
Ndwaye cyane hamwe na grimeza mu ntangiriro ya 1855, Nicholas narwanyije ubutwari, mazene ku butwari nagabana n'ingabo, mu ntangiriro z'ingabo zasohotse muri parade ya gisirikare nta hanze. Umwami w'abami yashakaga gushyigikira abasirikare n'abayobozi bari bamaze gutakaza mu ntambara ya Crimean.
Muri cinema, kwibuka ibihe hamwe numwamikazi byafashwe muri firime zirenga 33. Ishusho ya Nicholas Nabonye kuri ecran no mugihe cinema ituje. Mu buhanzi bugezweho, abari aho bibukwa na sitasiyo ya filime mu mikorere y'abakinnyi V. Livanova, Yu. Bogatyreva, M. Bogavenky, Yu. Yasharov, M. Basharov.
Muri 2019, hayobowe n'amateka "ubumwe bw'agakiza" bwayobowe na Alexander Cotta bwasohotse, buvuga ibyabaye mbere yo kwigomeka. Uruhare rw'Umwami rwakozwe na Ivan Kolesi.