Ubuzima
Ntabwo ibanga abahanzi ibihe byose bagerageje gushishikariza ikibazo cyapfuye. Abanyabukorikori baboroye Marible hamwe n'ibishusho by'igishusho, bidahwitse imvange y'amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'urubingo rw'abahanga bahindutse amashusho y'abahanzi n'abahanga mu bikorwa by'isi mu mirimo yabo, Ariko kandi yafashije amabwiriza asanzwe yo kureba ibyabaye mumazu yashize.
Akazi k'umwe mu banditsi b'Abafaransa cyane - Alexandra Dumas - kugeza na n'ubu, hindukirira isi yose y'amaguru ku mutwe.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1802, "Shitani" y'ingabo za Apleonike za Tom Duma n'umugore we Marie-Louise Labeus bavuka umuhungu witwa Alexandre. Umuryango wihariye wabaga muri komini mumajyaruguru yubufaransa - Willer-Kotra.
Se w'ejo hazaza hari igizwe no gukorera bonaparte kandi yafatwaga nk'inshuti magara y'umwami. Tandem yabo yaguye muri iki gihe umugaba w'igihe, nta gushidikanya, aburanishwa n'amabwiriza ayo ari yo yose y'Umutegetsi ukomeye w'Ubufaransa, ntabwo yashyigikiye icyemezo cye cyo kwinjira mu ngabo zo muri Egiputa.
Ntabwo byihanganira kwanga Napoleon atandukana guteranira mu buryo buranga. Mu 1801, igihe jenerali yafatwaga, inshuti ye yo hejuru ntacyo yakoze kugirango ikuremo abakuru bahereye ku mwanzuro. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri gusa, iyicarubozo na toma hahanaguye kuri Mac Jenerali Mutisitori.
Murugo umugabo yasubiye ku munaniro n'abarwayi. Ubumuga bwo kutumva no guhuma byongewe muri kanseri y'igifu. Inyenyeri ye yarayobye vuba aguye. Duma Sr. yapfuye mu 1806, kandi umuryango waguye mu isoni z'umwami wagumye nta mibereho.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwana bw'umwanditsi w'isi - uzwi ku isi bwanyuze mu mwuka wo gusenya n'ubukene. Nyina wagerageje ubusa kugirango akomange buruse yo guhugura mu mahugurwa, atangiza umwana ukunda hamwe nibanze yikibonezamvugo no gusoma, na mushikiwabo yishe urukundo kubyina.
Iherezo ryatuye ku mihanga ikiri nto, kandi amaherezo, Alexandre aracyashoboye kwinjira muri College ya Abbot Grehisera, aho umusore yamenye ikilatini kandi atera intoki.
Umwanya wa mbere w'akazi muri Duwas ni ibiro bya Noteri, aho umusore yagerageje ku ruhare rw'umwanditsi. Nubwo yinjiza, umusore mugihe gito atwikiriye ubwoko bumwe bwamabwiriza hamwe nimpapuro zidahagarara. Umusore yakusanyije ibintu ajya mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa. Ngaho, ku kurinda uwahoze ari mugenzi wa se, atura umwanditsi umwanditsi umuyobozi wa Duke wa Orleans (Umwami w'Uwiteka Louis Philip).
Muri icyo gihe, Alegizandere yahuye n'abanditsi b'inzego z'ibanze atangira kurema ibihangano bye bya mbere. Mu 1829, ikinamico "Heinrich III n'ikago rye", nyuma yo kwihitiramo umwanditsi. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, mu ikinamico "Port-Saint-Martin" kuri premiere umunara wa Nelkaya wari allchlag. Kugeza ku mezi 16 yuzuye kuri stage, hatanzwe ibimutwe birindwi.
Ubuzima bwumunyamakuru uzwi cyane bwateye imbere kuburyo Dumas yagize uruhare muri societe. Usibye kuba umwanditsi yayoboye ubucukuzi bw'umujyi wa Pompeii, nanone yari umwe mu bagize impinduramatwara ikomeye (1830), aho Umuremyi yashoboye "gushyingura." Nyuma yo kwigomeka ubutagati mu baturage, ubutumwa bw'ibinyoma bwagaragaye mu binyamakuru byerekana ko umwanditsi yarashwe. Mubyukuri, Umuremyi wa Trilogya kubyerekeye "Abanyeshuri batatu" ku nama z'inshuti noneho yavuye mu Busuwisi, asigara mu Busuwisi, aho yateguye inyandiko y'inyandiko "gallium n'Ubufaransa".
Ubuvanganzo
Hamwe na theatre, Duma, ibintu byose byabayeho hamwe nabagore bombi: ishyaka rinyambaga mu ntangiriro no kutitaho. Igihe ibyabaye bimaze kumenyekana, Alegizandere hamwe n'umutwe we yagiye mu bitabo.
Mu 1838, Duma yagabanutse nkumwanditsi. Roman-Feuilleto "Cheval D'Armannel" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru, cyasohotse mu kinyamakuru, cyasabwe mu kinyamakuru, cyasabwaga gushimisha amayeri, byihuse ibikorwa, ishyaka rikomeye, kandi cyane, aho hantu hacapishijwe muri buri cyumba byasezeraga cyane Gukomeza gukomeza mu nomero itaha.
Abantu bake barabizi, ariko Umwanditsi wa "Chevant d'Armananthal" yari umwanditsi ukiri muto, ariko umurimo urangiye na Alegizandere wabonye urumuri rw'ubuvangaho kandi rwasohotse munsi yizina rya TIMWE muburyo bwe, ariko kuri Ibisabwa byateganijwe byumukiriya wizeraga ko intsinzi nyayo yatangaga izina ryicyamamare gusa.
Imyaka ine muri Duma, abashakanye bafite "mugenzi we" basohotse mu mirimo icyenda "," Abagabo batatu "." Ati: "Umunyamuryango wa Dayon", "Dania Barsoro" na "mirongo ine na gatanu".
Umuhanga mu by'amateka yagenze cyane mu Burayi kandi arota kwinjira mu Burusiya. Mu 1840, igitabo cye "umwarimu wo guhaguruka" yasohotse, intwari ikomeye yari umushoferi we, Annenkovy Annenkov. Nubwo ku butaka bw'Ingoma y'Uburusiya, umurimo ntiwigeze ushyigikira icyemezo, igihangano kidasobanutse, ndetse n'Ubumbamyi bukabije Alexander Fedorovna Spedorovna.
Igihe Nicholas ya mbere yapfaga, umukinyi yari yemerewe kwinjira mu bwami. Igihe kimwe mu gihugu cya Alexandere Sergeevich Cushkin, umwanditsi yatunguwe cyane nuko abamwumva batazi ibitabo byigifaransa kandi bifite igitekerezo cyumurimo we. Kureba, umwanditsi uzwi cyane yasuye Moscou, maze i St. Petersburg, no muri Kalmykia, no muri Astrakhan, ndetse no muri Caucase. Mu gihugu cyurugamba, inoti zigenda zagize intsinzi ikomeye.
Adamu na we yari umutetsi. Mubikorwa byabo byinshi, asobanura mu buryo burambuye gutegura amasahani amwe.
Mu 1870, yashyikirije gucapa inyandiko yanditse irimo igitabo cya 800 ku ngingo. "Inkoranyamagambo nini ya kure" yabonye urumuri mu 1873, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi. Nyuma yaho, kopi y'amahwa yashyizwe ahagaragara - "inkoranyamagambo ntoya". Duma ntabwo yari, cyangwa Gourmet nta bwoba. Umugabo yubahirije ubuzima bwiza ntanywa inzoga, itabi n'ikawa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bitandukanye n'ikibazo, ishyaka rinini ry'umwanditsi w'ijejwe ntabwo ryahigaga, ntiricike kandi ntirikumva. Urukundo rukomeye rwa Adamu rwageragejwe hasi. Kubyerekeye amur adventures yo gukiniraho makinamico muri salo yubuvanganzo yicyo gihe.
Muburyo bwateganijwe inkuru zijyanye na nyirabuja n'abagore b'abahanzi b'ubuhanzi, umwe ugaragara cyane cyane.
Dumas muri kiriya gihe yabaga kumuhanda wa Rivoli hamwe na Ferrier - Umukinnyi wa Fierier, uzwi cyane kumurakara. Urubyiruko rwari abaturanyi: Umukobwa yigaruriye inzu mu igorofa rya kabiri, kandi umwanditsi wa Novice afite ibyumba bitatu ku cya gatanu.
Kera nimugoroba, umukinyi wikicyo yagiye kumupira mu turere. Mu nzira ijya mu myidagaduro, umugabo yaranyerera agwa mu gihirahiro. Nyuma y'isaha imwe, umunyamakuru warakaye yasubiye mu rugo byose mu cyondo, yagiye ku mugore w'umugore we arumirwa mu cyumba cyo kuraramo cya Ida. Mu rwego rwo kwibagirwa urubanza rudashimishije, Alegizandere hamwe n'umutwe we yagiye ku kazi.
Ntabwo byanyuzemo igice cy'isaha isa n'igice kigana mu cyumba cy'umusarani kirakinguye, maze umwanditsi utangaye akingura ku muryango wambaye ubusa de Bovagara, na we ndandeba rwose! ". Dumas, yasimbutse, afite ikirango gikaze, yikubita ku mukunzi w'uwo mwashakanye. Muri Ontsov, umunyamakuru uzwi cyane yahinduye uburakari, avuga ko uburere butamwemerera kuyishyira mu muhanda no mu bitunguranye, ariko umushyitsi.
Muri iryo joro, uburiri bwubatse muri Dumas bwagabanijwemo nanziza. Bukeye bwaho, kandi bose uko ari batatu barabyutse, Alegizandere afata ukuboko k'umusozi Kavalera, ayishyira ku bugenge bw'uwo mwashakanye, atangaza ati:
"Roger, kwiyunga nk'Abaroma ba kera ahantu rusange."
Umugereka wa mbere w'umuhanga mu by'amateka wari umujyi wa Lor Laba, wabaga mu nzu imwe yari kumwe na we Abataliyani. Umugore yari mukuru Alexandre imyaka 8. Umushukari ntiyari agoye gutsinda umutima wa Marie, kandi umaze ku ya 27 Nyakanga 1824 amureka umuhungu wa Alegizandere, azwi kuri benshi ku izina ryerekanaga "umudamu hamwe na Kamelliya". Dumas Data yamenye umwana imyaka irindwi kuva avutse.
Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 1864, uwahoze ari umukunzi wasangaga mu biro by'Abayobozi ku bukwe bw'umuhungu wabo n'abaganwa ibyiringiro byiringiro na Naryshkina. Umuhungu wa Duma - yari afite igitekerezo cyo kurongora ababyeyi bageze mu zabukuru, ariko icyifuzo nticyabiteye.
Nk'uko kubara kwa birwari, Umuremyi yari afite akwanga abagera kuri 500. Duma yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko yahindutse intara mu bumuntu gusa, kuko niba igomba kugarukira ku mudamu umwe, ikintu gikennye cyaba cyarapfuye mu cyumweru.
Urupfu
Umwanditsi w'icyamamare yapfuye ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1870. Umurambo wahemukiwe n'isi muri nevil-de-igice. Nyuma y'intambara, umuhungu w'iki gitabo cy'ubutegetsi bw'isi yatumye urwana kw'ibisigisigi bya Data muri Willer-Kotra iruhande rw'ababyeyi be.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'abaturage, ababinyabuzima batoranyaga hypothesis yunvise avuga ko umuhanuzi wa Alexandman, Umufaransa Smandevich ari umuntu umwe.
Abashakashatsi mu nyandiko zabo bayobora ibintu byinshi bihatirwa gushidikanya ko urupfu rw'ubuhanga bw'ubuhanga bw'isi.
Nubwo ihujwe no hanze n'umubare munini w "ahantu heza" muri biografiya yaba Umuremyi ndetse na kabiri, amagambo yemewe ntabwo yigeze aba kuri fagitire.
Kwibuka
ByelSellers Dumas yasubiwemo kugeza na nubu. Muri 2016, umubwiriza wa "ABC" wo kuzenguruka kugabanya yatanze igihangano cyivanganzo yisi "mu mukobwa wa 2017, no muri 2017" kubara Monte cristo ".
Umwe mu mihanda ya Lomonosov mu karere ka petrodvorsov kataga ka St. Petersburg yitiriwe kwa mugisha.
Ikibanza kinini cya granite, hejuru yacyo kinyura muri Bronze ya Bronze Duma iherereye kuri Square ya Malisarba i Paris.
Bibliografiya
- "Umwamikazi Margo" (1845)
- "Contess de monsoro" (1846)
- "Mirongo ine na gatanu" (1847);
- "Urunigi rw'umwamikazi" (1849-1850);
- "Ange pita" (1853);
- "Umujyanama de Charny" (1853-1855);
- "Chevalé de Me Meson Rouge" (1845);
- "Abasha" (1843);
- "Diana ebyiri" (1846);
- "Page Duke wa Savoy" (Umwaka 1852);
- "Guhanura" (1858);
- "Umweru n'ubururu" (1867);
- "Abakunzi ba Iehen" (1857);
- "Umukorerabushake w'umwaka wa kabiri wa kabiri" (1862);
- "Impyisi Mashkul" (1858).