Nikolay Gogol - Biography, ifoto, ubuzima bwite, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Ubuzima bwa Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol cyane kandi bugwiza umuhanga mu by'amateka akomeje gukora iperereza ku binyabuzima n'ibikoresho byandika byerekana amabanga y'ubuhanga butangaje bw'ivanga ry'ubuvanganzo. Inyungu zo mu makinamico ntabwo zikaba zirenga imyaka magana abiri atari ukubera ko LILLL-EPROL-EPROL-EPROL-EPOC, ariko kandi kubera ko Gogol ari imwe mu mibare y'amayobera yubuvanganzo bwuburusiya bwikinyejana cya 19.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Kugeza uyu munsi, ni igihe Nikolai Vasilyevich yavutse. Amateka amwe yemera ko Gogil yavutse ku ya 20 Werurwe, abandi bizeye ko itariki y'ukuri y'umwanditsi ari 1 Mata 1809.

Ubwana bwa Master ya Fyshysmagori yanyuze muri Ukraine, mu mudugudu mwiza wa Sorokinty Coltava Intara. Yakuze mu muryango mugari - usibye we, abandi bahungu 5 n'abakobwa 6 barezwe mu nzu (bamwe muri bo bapfiriye mu imyaka y'abana).

Umwanditsi ukomeye afite igisekuru gishimishije, azamuka kuri cossack ingoma gogol-yanovsky. Nk'uko imigani y'umuryango ivuga ko sekuru wa Athanasius PlayWright Demyanovich Yanovsky yiyongereye ku ruhare rwa kabiri kugira ngo yerekane ko ari amaraso hamwe na cosman Google, wabayeho mu kinyejana cya 17.

Se w'umwanditsi, Vasily Afanasyevich, akora mu Ntara ya Maloronsiysk ku biro by'iposita, aho yasezeye mu ntera ya kaminuza. Nyuma, Gogol-Yanovsky yasezeye mu isambu vasilyevka (Yanovschina) atangira kwishora mu bukungu. Vasily Afanasyevich yagendeye musizi, umwanditsi na Plawerwright: yari afite ikinamico yo murugo yinshuti ye Trodinsky, kandi nazo zikora kuri stage nkumukinnyi.

Kubikorwa, yanditse ikinamico ishingiye kuri Ballads za Ukraine n'imigani. Ariko umurimo umwe gusa wa Gogol-Sr. - "Preluach, cyangwa amayeri yumugore, wageze kumusirikare" yaje kubasomyi ba kijyambere. Kuva kuri Padiri Nikolai Vasilyevich wafashe urukundo rwubuhanzi nubuvanganzo bwubuvanganzo nubuhanga buhanga: Birazwi ko Gogol Jr. kuva mu bwana bwatangiye gukora kugirango inyandiko zisingwe. Vasily Afanasyevich yapfuye igihe Nicholas yari afite imyaka 15.

Nyina w'umwanditsi, Maria Ivanovna, Neo Konyarovskaya, akurikije inkuru z'abasobeyo, yari nziza kandi yafatwaga nk'ubwiza bwa mbere mu mudugudu. Abantu bose bari bazi bavuga ko yari umunyamadini kandi akora mu burere bwo mu mwuka bw'abana. Ariko, inyigisho za Gogol-Yanovsky ntabwo zagabanijwe kumihango ya gikirisitu no gusenga, ahubwo no mubuhanuzi bujyanye nurukiko rubi.

Birazwi ko umugore wa Gogol-Yanovsky yashakanye afite imyaka 14. Nikolay Vasilyevich yari hafi ya nyina ndetse asaba inama ku nyandiko zandikishijwe insike. Bamwe mu banditsi bemeza ko nahawe Mary Ivanovna, guhanga Gogol yahawe ibimenyetso n'amayobera.

Ubwana n'urubyiruko Nikolai Vasilyevich byabaye ku buhinzi bukikijwe n'ubuhinzi n'uburiganya kandi byahawe ibiranga Meshchan byerekana ko PlayWiright yasobanuwe mu mirimo ye.

Igihe Nicholas yari afite imyaka icumi, yoherejwe muri Politava, aho yize siyanse mu ishuri, hanyuma yiga no gusoma no kwandika ku mwarimu waho wa Gaburiyeli Sorochinsky. Nyuma y'amahugurwa ya kera, umusore w'imyaka 16 yabaye umunyeshuri muri siporo y'ubumenyi bw'ikirenga mu mujyi wa Nehenin wo mu karere ka Chernahiv. Usibye kuba ejo hazaza hagaragara ubuvanganzo byari bifite intege nke, ntabwo yari agifite imbaraga mu masomo ye, nubwo yari afite kwibuka bidasanzwe. Hamwe na siyanse nyayo ya Nicholas, umubano ntiwashinjwe, ariko yatsinze ibitabo n'ibitabo by'Uburusiya.

Bamwe mu binyabuzima bavuga ko siporo ubwayo yagombaga kuryozwa ubwo burezi nk'ubwo, aho kuba umwanditsi ukiri muto. Ikigaragara ni uko muri iyo myaka, abarimu badafite intege nke bakoraga muri gymnasium ya Nezhinsky, badashobora gutunganya abanyeshuri neza kubanyeshuri. Kurugero, ubumenyi mu masomo yo kwigisha amahame mbwirizamuco ntabwo byatanzwe n'inyigisho z'abafilozofe bakomeye, ariko babifashijwemo n'ibihano bya filozofiya, ariko babifashijwemo n'ibihano bya kamere ya filozofiya, ariko bafashijwe n'ibihano bya kamere abafilozofe, ariko babifashijwemo n'ibihano by'ubuvanganzo, umwarimu w'ubuvanganzo ntiyigeze ava mu kuguru, ahitamo igihano cya kera Ikinyejana cya 18.

Mubumenyi bwe, Gogol, umusaruro wa Tegiriya hamwe n'amashusho atemewe n'amashusho atemewe. Muri Comberades, Nikolai Vasilyevich yagendeye comic n'umugabo wagiranye. Umwanditsi yavuganye na Nikolai Prokopovich, Alexander Danilevsky, Nestor Dollhouse n'abandi.

Ubuvanganzo

Gogol yatangiye gushimishwa nuko yumwanditsi mumyaka yabanyeshuri. Yashimye a.. Sushkin, nubwo ibyo yaremye bwa mbere byari kure yuburyo bwumusizi bunini, nibindi byinshi bijya mubikorwa bya nyirabumev Marlinsky.

Yahimbye Elegia, ibisigo, ibisigo, yirimbuye muri Prose n'ubundi bwoko bw'ubuvanganzo. Mu gihe cyiwe, banditswe na Satura "ikintu kijyanye no gutura, cyangwa abapfu ntibanditse amategeko", batageze uyu munsi. Birashimishije kubona ko umusore yabanje kubonaga numusore aho kuba akunda, kandi atari ikibazo cyubuzima.

Ibyanditswe byari kuri Gogol, "imirasire yumucyo mubwami bwijimye" kandi igafasha kurangaza imibabaro yo mu mwuka. Noneho imigambi ya Nikolai Vasilyevich ntiyari asobanutse, ariko yifuzaga gukorera igihugu cye kandi igagira akamaro kubantu, yizera ko ategereje ejo hazaza heza.

Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1828, Gogol yagiye mu musirikare w'umuco - Peterburg. Mu mujyi ukonje kandi wijimye wa Nikolai Vasilyevich wari utegereje gutenguha. Yagerageje kuba umuyobozi, kandi yagerageje kwinjira muri serivisi mu nzuna, ariko kugerageza kwe byose kwatsinzwe. Gusa mubitabo yashoboye kubona amahirwe yo kwinjiza no kwigaragaza.

Ariko mu mwanditsi Nikolai Vasilyevich, nari ntegereje ibinyamakuru, kubera ko ibinyamakuru byasohotse imirimo ibiri gusa ya Gogol - Umuvugo "Gansa Kühelgarden", wasohotse munsi ya Pseudonym V. Alov. "IDYLLI mu bishushanyo" yakiriye isubiramo ribi kandi risebanya ku banenga. Nyuma yo gutsindwa guhanga, Gogol yabuze ibitabo byose by'igisigo arabitwika mucyumba cye. Nikolai Vasilyevich ntabwo yanze ibitabo, na nyuma yo kunanirwa cyane, gutsindwa na Ganz Kyohelgarton yamuhaye amahirwe yo guhindura ubwoko.

Mu 1830, inkuru y'amayobera ya Gogol "nimugoroba Ivan Kupala" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru kizwi ".

Nyuma, umwanditsi yahuye na Baron delvig atangira gucapwa mubitabo bye "Ikinyamakuru Ubuvanganzo" n "" Indabyo y'Amajyaruguru ".

Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa Gogol, yakiriwe neza mu ruziga rw'ubuvanganzo. Yatangiye kuvugana na fushkin na zhukovsky. Imirimo "nimugoroba mu isambu hafi ya Dikanka", "Ijoro ryabanjirije Noheri", "ahantu hashimishije", urwenya ruvanze mu musizi w'Uburusiya.

Nukuvuga ko Alexander Sergeyevich yahaye Nikolai Vasilyevich kuri Nikolai Vasilevich kubikorwa bishya. Yasabye ibitekerezo by'ibisigo "roho zapfuye" (1842) na "Umugenzuzi w'izene" (1836). Ariko, P.V. Annenkov yemera ko funkin "atamuhaye umurage we."

Nikolai Vasilyevich wakundaga ku mateka ya Malororia, abaye umwanditsi wa "Mirgorod", harimo imirimo myinshi, harimo na Taras Bulleba. Gogol mu mabaruwa ya Mama Maria Ivanovna yasabye ko yabwiye ubuzima bw'abaturage.

Mu 1835, asohotse inkuru ya Gogol "vigol" (yashyizwe muri mirgorod) hafi nimiterere yabadayimoni yo mu Burusiya. Nk'uko umugambi, Birsaka watubye inzira maze agera mu isambu y'amayobera, nyirabuja yari umurozi nyawo. Imiterere nyamukuru ya Homa izahura ibiremwa bitigeze bibaho, imihango yitorero numupfumu baguruka mu isanduku.

Mu 1967, filime ya mbere ya soviti iteye ubwoba ku isonga rya Gogol "VII" yashyizwe ku bayobozi ba KonSantin Ershov na George krutanin. Inshingano nyamukuru zakozwe na Leonid ukuvlev na Natalia varley.

Mu 1841, Gogol yanditse inkuru itimukanwa "Shinel". Mubikorwa bya Nikolai Vasilyevich bivuga kuri "Umugabo muto" Akaki Akakiyevich bashmachkin, wazimiye kuburyo ikintu gisanzwe gihinduka isoko yibyishimo no guhumekwa.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Kuvuga ku miterere y'umwanditsi wanditse "Umugenzuzi" wa "Umugenzuzi", birakwiye ko tumenya ko kuva kera Afanasyevich, usibye no kwitiranya ibizaba, yatangiraga gupfa hakiri kare, yatangiye kwigaragaza Umukinyi wo mukito. Ibi byanditswe nabaturage v.g. Korolenko na Dr. BAZHENOV, ukurikije ibikoresho bya autobiografiya bya Gogol na Episetolar.

Niba ubwo mu gihe cy'Abasoviyeti ari ku mico y'ubugingo bwa Nikolai Vasilyevich, byari bimenyereje guceceka, ibisobanuro nkibi birashimishije cyane umusomyi wa Eridite. Byemezwa ko Gogol yababajwe kuva mu bwana hamwe na psychose y'imitekerereze ya manic (itandukaniro rya Bipolary kandi rishimishije ry'umwanditsi ukiri muto, hypochondria no kwiheba.

Byaduhangayikishije kugeza gupfa. Yiyemereye kandi mu mabaruwa, akenshi yumvise amajwi "yijimye" amusura kure. Kubera ubuzima bwizewe, Gogiriya yabaye umunyamadini kandi ayobora byinshi mubuzima bwo kubaza. Yakundaga abagore, ariko kure cyane: akenshi yakundaga kuvuga Maria Ivanovna, ava mumahanga kumudamu runaka.

Yitwaraga amabaruwa na abakobwa Adorable ivyigwa bitandukanye (na Maria Balabina, Granderen Anna Wielgorskaya n'abandi), bigatuma ubwabo romantic na timidly. Umwanditsi ntiyakundaga kwamamaza ubuzima bwite, cyane cyane ibintu byo gutambana. Birazwi ko Nikolai Vasilyevich nta mwana afite. Bitewe nuko umwanditsi atarubatse, hariho igitekerezo cyo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina. Abandi bemeza ko atigeze agirana umubano wa Platonike.

Urupfu

Urupfu rwa mbere rwa Nikolai Vasilyevich ku mwaka wa 42 w'ubuzima uracyafite ubwenge bw'abahanga, abahanga mu by'amateka n'abahanga mu binyabuzima. Umugani w'amayobera ukingiwe kuri Gogol, kandi kubyerekeye impamvu nyayo y'urupfu rw'uwakirenganye kuri uyu munsi.

Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, Nikolai Vasilyevich yamenye ikibazo cyo guhanga. Yahujwe no kuva mu muka hakiri kare muka Hamakov no kwamagana inkuru ze muri Astrptantinovsky, wavuganye no kunegura ibikorwa bya Gogol kandi kandi yizeraga ko umwanditsi atahamye bihagije. Ibitekerezo bibi byijimye bivuga ibitekerezo bya macowright, kuva ku ya 5 Gashyantare yanze ibiryo. Ku ya 10 Gashyantare, Nikolai Vasilyevich "yayobowe n'umwuka mubi" yatwitswe n'inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki, na 18, gukomeza kwitegereza umwanya munini, yiruke mu buriri afite uburinzi bukabije.

Shebuja w'ibaba yanze kwivuza, ategereje urupfu. Abaganga bagaragaje indwara zo mu ndunduro z'intara, birashoboka ko natigitanda igifu, amaherezo bashyira umwanditsi basuzumye Meniditis kandi bakubiye mu gahato ku gahato, niko byarushijeho kumena amaraso ya Nikolai na mubiri. Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 21 Gashyantare 1852, Gogipol yapfiriye mu ngoro y'ubwishingizi bwa Tottoy i Moscou.

Kwibuka

Ibikorwa byumwanditsi ni itegeko cyo kwiga mumashuri no mumashuri makuru. Kwibuka Nicolae Vasilyevich muri USSR nibindi bihugu, kashe ya posita yatanzwe. Izina rya Gogol ni imihanda, ikinamico ikinamico, ikigo cya padagogi ndetse n'ibirimo ku isi mercure.

Kubiremwa bya lyperboles na groteque, ibikorwa byo guterana biracyakorwa nibikorwa byubuhanzi bwa cinematike bikurwaho. Rero, muri 2017, Viewer Yu Burusiya yiteze ko premiere ya Gothique ya Gothique ya Gothic "Gogol. Guhera "hamwe na Alexander Petrov na Oleg Mencutiv mumazuru menshi.

Ibintu bishimishije

Muri biografiya ya playwright hari ibintu bishimishije, byose ntibishobora gusobanurwa no mu gitabo cyose.

• Dukurikije ibihuha, Gogile yatinyaga inkuba, kubera ko ibintu bisanzwe byakoraga kuri psyche ye.
• Umwanditsi yabaga nabi, yagendeye mu myenda ishaje. Ikintu gihenze muri Wordrobe ye ni isaha ya zahabu yatanzwe na Zhukovsky yibuka sunkin.
• Nyina wa Nikolai Vasilyevich yakoze umugore udasanzwe. Yari afite imiziririzo, yizeraga ndengakamere kandi ahora yabwiwe ko inkuru zitangaje zirimbika kuberako.
• Dukurikije ibihuha, amagambo ya nyuma ya Gogol yari: "Nigute wapfa mu buryo butangaje."

• Kurema Gogol yahumekeye Mikhail Bullegakov.
• Nikolai Vasilyevich abesahuwe, nuko mu mufuka uhora ushinga bombo n'ibice by'isukari. Nanone, Prosaisa yo mu Burusiya yakundaga kuzamura imigati mu ntoki - yafashaga kwibanda ku bitekerezo.
• Umwanditsi yarababajwe n'imiterere, cyane cyane izuru rye rirakangutse.
• Gogol yagize ubwoba ko izashyingurwa, kuba mu nzozi z'umurage. Ubuhanga bwa sivansi bwasabye ko mugihe kizaza umurambo wahemukiye isi nyuma yo kugaragara ahantu h'umubiri. Nk'uko imigani ivuga ko Gogol yabyutse mu isanduku. Iyo umurambo w'umwanditsi wasubitswe, yatunguye abo baribonye ko umutwe w'abapfuye wazunguye.

Bibliografiya

• "Umugoroba ku isambu hafi ya Dikanka" (1831-1832)
• "Inkuru ivuga uburyo Ivan IVanovich yatanyamiwe na Ivan Nikiforovich" (1834)
• "Viy" (1835)
• "Ba nyir'inyenyeri" (1835)
• Taras Bulba (1835)
• "Nevsky Prospekt" (1835)
• "Umugenzuzi" (1836)
• "Izuru" (1836)
• "Inyandiko z'umusazi" (1835)
• "Portrait" (1835)
• "Stroller" (1836)
• "Gushyingirwa" (1842)
• "Ubugingo bwapfuye" (1842)
• "Shinel" (1843)