Ubuzima
Gushushanya ubuvanganzo bavuga ko sisitemu yubuhanzi yakozwe na Classic yahinduye ibisigo byigice cya kabiri cyigice cya kabiri cya XIX. Ivan Turgenev yabanje kumva ko hagaragaye "umuntu mushya" - mirongo itandatu - kandi amwereka mu nyandiko ye "ba se n'abana." Ndashimira umwanditsi ufatika mu kirusiya, ijambo "Nihist" ryavutse. Ivan Sergeevich yatangije ishusho yumurongo wa compatriot, wakiriye ibisobanuro "Umukobwa wa Turgenev".Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Imwe mu nkingi z'ibitabo bya kera by'Uburusiya muri Orel, mu muryango wa kera cyane, wavutse. Ubwana bwa Ivan Sergeevich bwabereye mu butaka bwabagabo bwa Spasky-Lutovinovo hafi ya Mtsensk. Yabaye umuhungu wa kabiri wa batatu, yavutse kuri Varvara Lutovinova na Sergey Turgenev.
Ubuzima bwo mu muryango bw'ababyeyi ntabwo bwagenze. Data washyize leta nziza-Cavalierry, yashakanye ntabwo yukamera, ahubwo yashakanye n'umukobwa ukize wa Varvar, wari urengeje imyaka 6. Igihe Ivan Turranganev yahinduye 12, se yavuye mu muryango, asiga uwo bashakanye abana batatu. Nyuma yimyaka 4, Sergey Nikolayevich yarapfuye. Bidatinze, umuhungu muto wa Sergey yapfuye azize igicuri.
Nicholas na Ivan bari baguye - Mama yari afite imico yiheruka. Umugore wubwenge kandi wize ararambiwe mubana nurubyiruko intimba nyinshi. Padiri Var Varvara Lutovinova yapfuye igihe umukobwa yari umwana. Mama, gukomeretsa no kwiheba, ishusho y'abasomyi babonye mu nkuru ya Turgenev "urupfu", yongeye gushyingirwa. Spaptor yanyweye kandi ntiyatindizwa gutsinda no gucika intege. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kwiyambaza umukobwa we na nyina. Kubera ubugome bwa nyina no gukubitwa, umukobwa yatorotse nyirarume kavukire, wasize mwishywa nyuma y'urupfu rwarazwe ibihumbi n'ibihumbi 5.
Umubyeyi utazi nyina akiri umwana, nubwo yakundaga abana, cyane cyane Vanya, ariko arahindukirira atyo nkuko ababyeyi be bafatwaga nk'ababyeyi baremereye ubuziraherezo. Nubwo umujinya urakaye, Varvara Petrovna yari umugore wize. Yavuganye n'urugo rwe gusa mu gifaransa, asaba kimwe na Ivan na Nicholas. Spassky yabitse isomero rikize, rigizwe ahanini n'ibitabo by'Abafaransa.
Igihe Ivan Turngwane yujuje imyaka 9, umuryango wimukiye mu murwa mukuru, mu nzu i Neglinke. Mama yasomye byinshi kandi yinjizwa mu bana gukunda ibitabo. Bahisemo abanditsi b'Abafaransa, Lutovinov-Turgenev yakurikizaga udushya twavanze, yari inshuti na vikukovsky na mikhail zagoskin. Varvara Petrovna yari azi neza akazi ka Nikolai Karamzin, Alexander fullen, Nikolai Gogol abasubiza mu bwandikirana n'umuhungu we.
Imiterere ya Ivan Turgenev yakoraga ba guverineri baturutse mu Budage n'Ubufaransa, aho nyir'ubutaka aticuza amafaranga. Ubutunzi bwubuvanganzo bwuburusiya kugeza ejo hazaza yafunguye Serfer Fordor Lobanov, wabaye prototype yintwari yintwari "Punyenin".
Nyuma yo kwimukira i Moscou, yari yajijwe mu nzu ya Ivan Krause. Murugo no mu rubuga rwiherereye, umusoreririms Barin yatsinze amasomo ya kabiri y'amashuri yisumbuye, afite imyaka 15 yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Moscou. Mu ishami ry'ubuvanganzo, ubwo yakoraga amasomo, hanyuma yimurirwa i St. Petersburg, aho yakiriye amashuri makuru mu ishami ry'amateka na filozofiya.
Mu myaka yabanyeshuri, Turgenev yahinduye ibisigo bya Shakespeare Umwami wa Shakespeare Umwami ya Bayron kandi arota kuba umusizi.
Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi mu 1838, Ivan Turgenev yakomeje amashuri ye mu Budage. I Berlin, yumvise amasomo y'inyigisho za kaminuza kuri filozofiya na plalogiya, yanditse ibisigo. Nyuma y'ibiruhuko bya Noheri mu Burusiya, Turènev yagiye amezi atandatu aja mu Butaliyani, aho yasubiye i Berlin.
Mu mpeshyi 1841, Ivan Turènev yageze mu Burusiya kandi mu mwaka yatangiye ibizamini, amaze kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri filozofiya muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg. Mu 1843, yakiriye umwanya muri minisiteri y'igihugu, ariko gukunda kwandika no kuvanga.
Ubuvanganzo
Bwa mbere Ivan Turgenev yavugaga mu icapiro mu 1836, yatangaje isubiramo ku gitabo cya Andrei Muravyov "urugendo rugana ahantu hera". Umwaka umwe, nanditse kandi nsohora ibisigo "bihinduka ku nyanja", "Fysshmanaoria nijoro" no "gusinzira".
Icyamamare cyaje mu 1843, igihe Ivan Sergeevich igisigo cya Parasha yemejwe na Visarion Belinsky. Bidatinze, Targenev n'Ababilinsky begereye inzira umwanditsi ukiri muto yabaye Imana yabaye imana yumunebwe. Rapprochement hamwe na Belinsky na Nikolai Nekrasov byagize ingaruka ku mirimo yo guhanga ya Ivan Turgenev: Amaherezo yakwirakwiriye kandi agaragara nyuma yo gutangaza icyemezo cy'urukundo, Andrei Kolonezes, Andrei Kolosov n'umuyobozi "na "Amazi".
Ivan Turgenev yasubiye mu Burusiya mu 1850. Yabaye mu isambu yo kubyara, hanyuma i Moscou, hanyuma i Mutagatifu Petersburg, aho imikino ya yanditse, yagenze neza mu makinamico.
Mu 1852, Nikolai Gogol ntiyari. Ivan Turgenev yashubije ibintu bibabaje hamwe na singrologiste, ariko i St. Petersburg, akoresheje umuyobozi wa Kolisayi Musush, yanze gutangaza. Gutinyuka gushyira inyandiko yikinyamakuru cya turgenev "Moscou Vedosti". Censor ntiyigeze ibabarira kutumvira. Musin-Fuskin Yitwa Gogol "Umwanditsi wa Lacéi", ntakwiriye kuvuga muri societe, kandi akabona igitekerezo cyo kubuzwa rwihishwa gifunguye - kutibutsa Alexander fulmontov mu imashini zifunguye.
Censor yanditse raporo y'Umwami Nikolai I. Ivan Sergeevich, watoboye kubera ingendo kenshi mu mahanga, avugana na Belinsky na Herzen, ibitekerezo bikabije kuri abayobozi.
Muri Mata umwaka uwo mwaka, umwanditsi yashyizwe mu maboko ukwezi, hanyuma yohereza mu rugo muri yombi mu isambu. Imyaka imwe nigice, Ivan Turgenev yari ifite akazi muri spassky, imyaka 3 ntabwo yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuva mu gihugu.
Impungenge za Turrinev zerekeye kubungabunge kugira ngo ndebe irekurwa ry '"igitabo cyihariye nticyatsindishirizwaga: icyegeranyo cy'inkuru: Icyegeranyo cy'inkuru mbere cyasohotse mu" zabayeho. Kugira ngo uruhushya rwo gucapa igitabo, Vladimir Lvov umuyobozi wakoreraga mu rwego rwo kugenzura yirukanwe. Inzitizi zirimo inkuru "Bezhin Luga", "Bezhin Luga", "Abaririmbyi", "ijosi ry'intara". Ku buryo butandukanye, ibitabo ntabwo byari bibi, ariko ibyakusanyirijwe hamwe byari byo kurwanya kugarura.
Ivan Turgenev yanditse kubantu bakuru ndetse nabana. Abasomyi bato Estaik bashyikirije imigani hamwe ninkuru zo kwitegereza, "imbwa" n "" inuma ", zanditswe nururimi rukize.
Mu mabanga y'umudugudu, ibya kera bigizwe n'inkuru ya "mumu", kimwe n'ibitabo "no mubyanditswe", "kuri Eva n'abana", umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi, umwotsi wabaye ibirori mu buzima bw'Uburusiya .
Mu mahanga, ivan Turènev yagiye mu cyi ya 1856. Mu gihe cy'itumba, i Paris, yarangije urugendo rudasanzwe "mu Poleyie". Mu Budage, mu 1857, yanditse "asya" - inkuru yahinduwe mu buzima bw'umwanditsi mu ndimi z'i Burayi. Prototype ya ASI, yavukiye mu ishyingiranwa ry'umukobwa wa Barin n'umutungo, abanegura bafata umukobwa wa Turgene Power hamwe na mushiki wa varbar adhitov.
Mu mahanga, Ivan Turène, yakurikije ubuzima bw'Uburusiya bw'u Burusiya, yakoresheje inzandiko n'abanditsi basigaye mu gihugu, bavugana n'abimukira. Abo mukorana bafatwaga n'ubushinjacyaha. Nyuma y'ibitekerezo n'ibitekerezo by'Abanditsi "ba none", byahindutse umuntu wa Demokarasi ya demokarasi, Turgenev yavunitse ikinyamakuru. Ariko, amaze kumenya ibijyanye no gukuraho by'agateganyo kw'Abahe "mu gihe", yavuze mu kwiregura kwe.
Mubuzima bwuburengerazuba, Ivan Sergeevich yinjiye mumakimbirane maremare hamwe na Lv Tolstoy, Fersor Dosoevsky na Nicholas Nekrasov. Nyuma yo kurekurwa mu gitabo, "Ba se n'abana", batonganye n'umuntu w'ubuvanganzo witwa gutera imbere.
Ivan Turgenev yabanje kubanditsi b'ubarusiya bakiriye kumenyekana muburayi nkubumuga. Mu Bufaransa, yabaye hafi yo kurinda abanditsi - Merim yo kurinda abanditsi, abavandimwe b'Abagafurs, Emil Zol na Gustave Flauber, babaye inshuti magara.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1879, Turgenev yaje kuri St. Petersburg, aho urubyiruko rwamusanze nka cumir. Ishimire gusurwa n'umwanditsi uzwi ntabwo wasangiye abategetsi, guha Ivan Sergeevich kugirango yumve ko kuguma igihe kirekire mu mujyi utifuzwa.
Mu ci y'uwo mwaka, Ivan Turènev yasuye Ubwongereza - muri kaminuza ya Oxford, Ikirusiya Erekana umutwe w'umuganga w'icyubahiro watanzwe.
Mu bihe byanyuma, Turvanev yaje mu Burusiya mu 1880. Muri Moscou, yitabiriye gufungura urwibutso kuri Alexandre fust, wabonaga Umwigisha Ukomeye. Ururimi rwikirusiya rwitwa inkunga ninkunga "muminsi yo kubabaza" kubyerekeye iherezo ryabarwanyi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wica wabaye urukundo rwubuzima bwose bwumwanditsi, Heinrich Heine ugereranije nubutaka, "haba muburyo butandukanye kandi bidasanzwe". Umuhanzi wumufaransa-Igifaransa Polina Vardo, umugore muto kandi uhanamye, yari ibintu biranga abagabo, umunwa n'amaso menshi. Ariko igihe Polina yaririmbye, yahinduwe cyane. Mu kanya gato, Turgenev yabonye umuririmbyi kandi akunda ubuzima bwawe bwose, imyaka 40 isigaye.
Ubuzima bwite bwa Proda mbere yuko guhura na Viardo byari bisa na slide y'Abanyamerika. Urukundo rwa mbere Ivan Turngwav hamwe na Hornnie yabwiwe mu nkuru imwe, ababaza umusore wimyaka 15. Yakunze umuturanyi KATNTN, umukobwa wa Smingini Shakhovskaya. Mbega gutenguha Ivan Ivan igihe yamenyaga ko "isuku kandi adashobora kwibasirwa na SCENTANEY na Breens, Sergey NikoLavich, Souvelaus.
Umusore yatengushye abakobwa "beza" maze atera amaso abakobwa boroheje - umuhinzi w'igihome. Imwe mubyiza niwe Whitestroker avdatstroker avdanov - yibarutse umukobwa wa Ivan Turènev. Ariko, ugenda mu Burayi, umwanditsi yahuye na Viardo, na Avdata yagumye mu bihe byashize.
Ivan Sergeevich yahuye numugabo wumuririmbyi, Louis, agenda arushaho kuba mubi munzu yabo. Abayo mugihe cya Turgenev, inshuti z'umwanditsi n'ababinyabuzima bakoze ibitekerezo kuri ubwo bumwe. Bamwe bamwita ubunebwe na Planic, abandi bavuga umubare utari muto wavuye muri nyir'ubutaka bw'Uburusiya mu nzu ya Polina na Louis. Umugabo wa Viardo abinyujije ku ntoki yarebye isano ya Turgenev hamwe n'umugore we kandi yemererwa kuba mu rugo rwabo amezi. Bikekwa ko se w'umurima wo mu murima, mwene Polina na Louis - Ivan Torgenev.
Nyina w'umwanditsi ntabwo yemeje itumanaho kandi arota ko icyaha ukunda kimeze gukonjesha, kigashyingiranwa n'abunyacyubahiro bito kandi biha abuzukuru bemewe. Pelagey Vervara Petrovna ntiyitotombeye, abona se serfs. Ivan Sergeevich yakundaga kandi mumbabarire umukobwa we.
Polina Vardo, bumva gushinyagurira nyirakuru, yinjiye mu mpuhwe umukobwa ayijyana mu nzu ye. Pelagiya yahindutse muri polinte arakura hamwe n'abana ba VIARDO. Mu butabera bukwiye kumenya ko Pelagiya-Polyneton Turgene ya Pelagiya yagabanije urukundo rwa se, kwizera ko umugore yibye ibitekerezo bye kavukire.
Gukonja mu mibanire ya turgenev na viardo byaje nyuma yo gutandukana kw'imyaka itatu, byagenze bitewe n'ifatwa ry'umunyeshuri. Kugerageza kwibagirwa ishyaka ryica Ivan Turgenev yafashe kabiri. Mu 1854, umwanditsi w'imyaka 36 yahuye n'ubwiza buto Olga, umukobwa wa mubyara. Ariko iyo ubukwe bwafashe kuri horizon, Ivan Sergeevich yatsinze muri Polina. Tudashaka guca ubuzima bwumukobwa wimyaka 18, Turgenev yemeye gukunda viardo.
Kugerageza kwa nyuma guhunga amaboko yumufaransa wumufaransa byabaye mu 1879, mugihe Ivan Turgenev yujuje imyaka 61. Umukinnyi Maria Savin ntabwo yatesheje agaciro imyaka - umukundwa wahindutse inshuro ebyiri. Ariko iyo abashakanye mu 1882 bagiye i Paris, Masha babonye ibintu byinshi na bauple bisa na bo mu miturire y'uwo bashakanye, maze amenya ko arenganya.
Urupfu
Mu 1882, nyuma yo gutandukana na Savin, Ivan Turènev yarwaye. Abaganga bashyize isuzuma rya kanseri ya kanseri y'amoko. Yapfuye umwanditsi ku ifarashi y'amahanga igihe kirekire kandi ikababaza.
Mu 1883, Turgenev yakorewe i Paris. Amezi yashize yubuzima bwa Ivan Turgenev yari yishimye kubijyanye nububabare bushimishije bwamamajwe - iruhande rwe hari umugore ukundwa. Nyuma y'urupfu, yarazwe umutungo wa Turgenev.
Classic yapfuye ku ya 22 Kanama 1883. Umurambo we wajyanywe i St. Petersburg ku ya 27 Nzeri. Kuva mu Bufaransa no mu Burusiya Ivan Turgenev aherekeje umukobwa wa Polina, Claudia Vadordo. Yashyinguye umwanditsi mu irimbi rya St. Petersburg.
Alexandere wa II, wahamagaye turgenev "Belm ku jisho rye, yashubije urupfu rwa Nigilsta aruhukiye.
Bibliografiya
- 1855 - "Rudin"
- 1858 - "Icyari Cyane"
- 1860 - "Kuri Eva"
- 1862 - "Ba se n'abana"
- 1867 - "Umwotsi"
- 1877 - "Inoti"
- 1851-73 - "Inyandiko za Hunter"
- 1858 - "ASYA"
- 1860 - "Urukundo rwa mbere"
- 1872 - "Ibikomere"