Ubuzima
Mugihe cyubuzima bwumuririmbyi, abafana banze amasahani 40. Kubangamira Ella Jane Fitzgerald yahawe alubumu yumuziki ya Album za Alubumu 90, harimo na Solo kandi zanditswe hamwe nizindi nyenyeri zisi. Mu myaka ya za 1950, byari umuco wo gutuma umudamu jazz kubitaramo mu nzu yera.Abanegura mu muziki bavuga ko umuririmbyi "yakubise" imbibi z'amahirwe ndetse yari kuririmba ububiko bwa terefone niba ashaka. Fitzgerald yashoboye gukora ikintu nta muntu n'umwe yabikoze: niwe yijwi rya mbere, yazamuye amajwi y'ibikoresho bya muzika. Ella yasobanuye igitangaza gusa:
"Nishyiriyeho mu mutwe kuri tenotafone-saxo."Umuyoboro wa 13-Ububiko bwa Grammy hamwe na nyir'ibihembo byose biriho byahindutse umugani w'isi jazz, izina rye ryabaye izina ry'umuziki n'abahanga.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Yavutse "Umukecuru Jazz" mu mpeshyi yo mu 1917 mu mujyi wa Newport. Kuva ku babyeyi Elile yabonye amaraso yo muri Afurika na Irilande. William Ftzgerald yahinduye batter ya forklift. Yateye umugore w'imyaka 23 - itangizwa rya Tempi - Nyuma gato y'umwana Ella Jane. Kurokoka, Teperantia ifite umukobwa muto wimukiye mu "Umugati" wonkers wo mu majyepfo-mu burasirazuba bwa New York.
Muri Jankers, umugore yahuye n'abimukira ukomoka muri Porutugali, na nyuma yimyaka 6, Ella yagaragaye mutazizi muri make mushikiwabo Francis. Umuryango wungirije witabiriye buri cyumweru cyumurimo witorero rya Metodiste. Hano Ella Fitzgerald yagurishijwe bwa mbere, yitonze yitonze indirimbo zo muri Afrika-Abanyamerika - Amavanjiri ku majwi y'itorero ry'umukara.
Mama hamwe na papa wagabanutseho hagabanutse impera: Amafaranga ahagije yo kurya no gukodesha icyumba. Ariko umukobwa w'imfura yakuze umwana wishimye wabonye ibirori byiza gusa muburyo bukikije. Ella FATZGERAL yari ashishikajwe na sinema, umuziki, kubyina na siporo. Umukobwa aguma wenyine, uyu mukobwa ashyira amasahani ya Connie Boswell amenya indirimbo, asubiramo iyicwa ry'umuntu umwe. Kimwe n'abana bose bafite uruhu rwijimye, Ella yarabyinnye kandi yizera ko imyobyi izahinduka umwuga we.
Mfite imyaka 14, Fitzgerald Osapotel: Mama yapfuye azize indwara y'umutima. Ella yatsinze amasomo ye kandi bidatinze yibagirwa inzira igana ku ishuri. Kubera inkoko zakunze gusetsa hamwe na papa, umukobwa wavuye mu rugo atura i Harlem ahint. Ariko ku ishuri, ejo hazaza jazz yiyemeje. Kugira ngo azane amafaranga mu nzu, SOL Ella Fitzgerald yaturutse mu mwenda wa Harlem wa Kaddeyender maze abona ku buzima bwe.
Bidatinze, umukobwa yari ashishikajwe na serivisi zo murinzi n'amafaranga. Ella Jane yaguye mu buhungiro bw'imfubyi ziri muri bronx, aho yahise ajyanwa mu ishuri ryita ku bakobwa. Umukunzi - Ukunda Urukundo Fezgerald yatorotse mu ishuri ryumudendezo maze yisanga mu muhanda: gusubira mu nzu ya nyirasenge byari bingana no gusubira mu rukuta rw'ishuri ryindege.
Umuziki
Ella Fitzgerald yasubiye i Harlem, aho yakoraga nk'umubyinnyi muri clubs. Iherezo ryajugunye amahirwe ye yo guca ubukene: mu Gushyingo 1934, Ababyibuto n'ababyinmbyi n'ababyinnyi bahawe icyifuzo cyo kugira uruhare mu marushanwa ya Amateur, yabereye kuri opollo Harlem Theatre. Fitzgerald yinjiye mu mbyino agera ku marushanwa, ariko ku munsi wanyuma mbere yo gutanga umuhanzi ukiri muto wahinduye imitekerereze yo kubyina, amaze kumenya uruhare rw'abanywanyi bakomeye: Urubyiniro rwa Ella rwasimbuwe na Vacal.Gukora Ella Fitzgerald, hari imyambarire imwe, bike kuri stage. Bwa mbere, umukobwa yarekuye aho hantu yitiranya kandi yumvikana ko ijwi ryarazimiye. Umuhanzi yahagaritse n'urwenya kandi, igihe yinjiraga mu kanwa, amuha amahirwe ya kabiri. Ibigize Judy Ella Sang kugirango niko salle ya kamere ikameze. Fitzgerald yatsinze kandi yakiriye ibihembo: $ 25 na anguzhent muri Apollo icyumweru.
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Ella Fitzgerald bwateye imbere buhoro buhoro. Intambwe yambere ya majwi yatsinze mu 1935, igihe yajyanwaga muri orchestre izwi cyane ya Jazz Orchestre Yerekana. Kubera ko uyu mukobwa abonye umutware Charles Linton, wabaye Chic uebb yashinzwe kubona umuririmbyi w'igihangana.
Kubona bidahwitse kandi bitoroshye Ella, kumaguru yinkweto z'abantu "zatsinzwe", Chik yanze kumva. Ariko Linton yashimangiye, Webb yitanze. Amaze kumva umuririmbyi ukiri muto, yasinyanye amasezerano. Muri uwo mwaka, Ella Fitzgerald yandika alubumu ya mbere ya mbere hamwe na WEBBASTRA WEBBAST.
Kuva mu mpeshyi ya 1935, fitzgero yakoreye kuri stage "Apollo" no mu cyumba cyo kubyina bya Harlem "Savoy". Bidatinze, imbyino yungutse: Abari bateraniye aho bari i Savoy kumva Ella, mu mujyi wose. Abacuranzi ba Mastive batangajwe no kumva injyana y'umujipo n'umucyo we, "kubyina".
Bidatinze, urubyiruko rwera Tembre rwabanenga umuziki Fitzal yarokuwe kandi basingiza imidendezi yose. Album nshya ella yanditse hamwe no gukurikiza ishyari, abari aho bahita bahagurukira. Umuririmbyi arazwi, aratumirwa kuri radio na itumanaho.
Benny Goodman yakira Fitzgerald ku gitaramo cye, kandi Teddy Hill arimo kugirira nabi kuririmba na orchestre ye. Ariko Ella yagarutse mu mwaka wa Webbu, yibuka ko kumushimira umukobwa wa Harlem utazwi yahindutse inyenyeri, biragoye kubona ibitaramo.
Hamwe na Chikik Webb Ijwi ryakoze imyaka 7 ishize mubuzima bwe. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mastro Ella, yafashe orchestre ayobora, ariko mu 1942 asubira muri stade: icyifuzo cyo kwitangira imbaraga zo kuririmba gusa. Muri kiriya gihe, Ella Fitzgerold - Umuhanzi wamamaje plate amasahani yangiritse nka keke zishyushye. Ariko inzira igana JAZZ yatangiye.
Umuhanzi yumvise kuririmba ubumaji Louis Armstrong kandi ntiyigeze asubiramo yumvise nta ntsinzi. Bidatinze, Ella Fitzgerald yaje kumenya ko ukeneye gushakisha niche wanjye, kandi nturirimbe indirimbo z'abandi. Umuhanzi wize gutezimbere kandi hagati ya 1940 abaye undi muhanzikazi, ahinduka ndetse no kugaragara. Yahanaguye umupaka hagati yijwi nigikoresho.
Isaha yinyenyeri Fitzgerald yaje mumyaka ya nyuma y'intambara, iyo bimpyisi-bob yazaga gusimbuza jazz gakondo. Spet Ella iguruka murugo numukecuru abe mwiza, kandi umukecuru yaba mwiza, abaye igihangano cya jazz. Mu 1945, intsinzi ya Werurwe "umudamu Jazz" ku migabane iratangira. Bidatinze, Fitzgerald yandikaga ingamba zanjye zose - hit, wakozwe na Louis Armstrong na Billy Mix.
Kugira ngo uhishure neza impano ya jazz impano y'abaganga bafashaga umuyobozi Norma Granitsa yafashaga. Yahatiye Amerika n'Uburayi Kumenya ibihangano Jazz, ntabwo ari ubwoko bw'ijwi gusa. Mubuzima bwa Ella Fitzgerald, uyu mugabo yagize uruhare rukomeye. Yafashe impungenge zo mu rugo rw'umuririmbyi, yatoye ikinyamakuru kandi cya muzika aherekeza, yemerera eller kohereza imbaraga mubuhanzi kandi ntarangara ikindi kintu.
Hit Summertime Ella Fitzgerald Sang Solo na Duet hamwe na Armstrong. Ingaragu mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ryinjiye mu bubiko bw'isi bw'ubuhanzi Jazz.
Hamwe na Louis Armstrong yijwi ryasohotse disiki 3 ya studio. Babiri bagizwe n'ibipimo bya Jazz, naho icya gatatu ni gahunda ya opera "Prigi n'invumba" by'uwahimbye George Gershvin. Imwe mu buryo buteganijwe cyane ni "Lullaby."
Cinema ya Ella Nzigerald yahoraga ashimishijwe. Mu 1955 yashoboye gukinira muri filime "Blues Putly". Umuyobozi Jack Webb yatumiye umuhanzi muri Maggie Jackson. Abakenguzamateka bahuye neza nishusho, ariko bavuze ko bigomba kugaragara kuri iyo minota 5 mugihe fitzgerald igaragara kuri ecran.
195-60 - Imyaka yera cyane yinyenyeri yo muri Amerika yo muri Amerika. Abo mukorana n'inshuti ba Ella bavuganye n'ubushobozi budasanzwe bwakazi bwa fitzgerald. Yahagaritse gusa mu nzozi gusa, intego isigaye yananiwe ibisigaye, uburyo bwo kwerekana, ubudahwema.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, miriyoni zagaragaye kuri Madamu Ella, ariko amafaranga yatakaje agaciro: ubuzima bwabonye imyumvire kuri stage. Ella Fitzgerald yaririmbye kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 90, kugeza igihe yatakaje ubuzima n'ijwi. Ubushize yagiye kuri stage mu 1992. Umuririmbyi w'imyaka 79 umaze imyaka irenga 60.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ella Jane yashakanye kabiri. Bwa mbere yagiye munsi y'ikamba saa ya 24, Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangira. Hamwe na Benny Cornegg, inyenyeri yabayeho imyaka ibiri iramenya ko batabihambiye.
Ku nshuro ya kabiri, Alla Fitzgerald yabaye umugore wubatse mu 1947. Yahisemo Ray Brown Umwe Brown numucuranzi wumunyafurika wakinnye na bass ebyiri. Ubu bumwe bwari burebure, ariko nabwo bwarangirana no gutandukana. Ubukwe bwimyaka itandatu yaguye mumitekerereze imwe: Ibibazo byumuryango birabangamiye umuririmbyi kuva nkuru nyamukuru - kuririmba.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoAriko ubukwe burangira ntabwo bwashyize ingingo mubusabane bwabashakanye - Fitzgerald na Brown bahambiriye mwishywa warezwe ya Ella. Abashakanye bahoze bakomeje gufatanya no kuri stage. Ray Brown Jr. yagiye ahagarara ababyeyi barera kandi abaye Jazzman uzwi cyane.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950, ibinyamakuru byanditse ku bukwe bwa gatatu "Lady Jazz" hamwe n'umucuranzi Larsen, ariko nta cyemezo cyibihuha.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya za 70, Ella Ella Tozgerald yararushijeho kwiyongera: Diabete yarasuzumwe. Umuririmbyi yabuze ijwi, ariko yatototse, gukomeza kujya kuri stage.Mu majwi ya 19 ya 1986, bakoreye umuvuduko ku mutima, kandi mu 1993 - amaguru yombi acibwa.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoGuhagarika nyuma y'ikimenyetso cyateye imbere, mu kagare k'abamugaye Ella Fitzgerald wasezeye mu nzu ye mu misozi ya Beverly.
Umuhungu wa Ray n'umwuzukuru wa Alice bagumye iruhande rw'umugore. Ntabwo ari ibyamamare mu 1996. Nashyinguye inyenyeri ya Jazz mu irimbi rya Californiya, ritabayeho mbere y'imyaka ya 80.
Discography
- 1950 - Ella aririmba Gershwin
- 1954 - Indirimbo muburyo bukabije
- 1955 - Biryoshye kandi birashyushye
- 1957 - Porgy na Bess
- 1958 - Ishimire!
- 1960 - Mwaramutse, Urukundo
- 1961 - Ella muri Hollywood
- 1965 - Ella i Hamburg
- 1968 - Izuba Rirashe
- 1974 - Ella i Londres
- 1979 - Umukino mwiza
- 1983 - Umudamu uhunga