Imizi ya Chukovsky - Biography, Ifoto, ubuzima bwite, imigani, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Guhindura icyamamare cyumusizi wabana wumuzi wa Chukovsky igihe kirekire ni kimwe mu banditsi bahesha agaciro byimyaka ya feza. Bitandukanye n'imyizerere ikunzwe, umuhanga mu muryango wa Rurema wigeze wigaragaza mu bisigo no mu migani, ahubwo no mu ngingo zingenzi.

Kubera ibintu bitari ngombwa byo guhanga, leta mu mibereho y'umwanditsi yagerageje gutesha agaciro imirimo ye mu maso ya rubanda. Ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi byatumye bishoboka kureba umuhanzi uzwi cyane mubuhanzi "andi maso". Noneho imirimo yumugaragaro yasomwe nkabantu "bakomeye" nurubyiruko.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Nikolay Korneckov (izina nyaryo ry'umusizi) yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1882 mu murwa mukuru w'amajyaruguru w'Uburusiya - Umujyi wa Mutagatifu Petersburg. Nyina wa Ekarina Osipovna, kuba umugaragu mu nzu ya muganga uzwi cyane Salomo Leven, yinjije umuhungu we Emmanuil. Mu 17999, umugore yibarutse umukobwa wa Mariya, kandi nyuma yimyaka itatu atanga umugabo wubugome kuri samir wa Nicholas.

Nubwo umubano wumuryango wa Noble wumutungo utoshye mumaso yicyo gihe wasaga nkubwenge, hamwe babayeho imyaka irindwi. Sekuru w'umusizi, udashakaga kuruhuka hamwe na hinduranya, mu 1885, adasobanuye impamvu, yakoresheje iyo mihanda, akora mu muhanda ufite abana babiri mu maboko. Kubera ko Catherine adashobora kwigurira amazu atandukanye, hamwe n'umuhungu we n'umukobwa we, yagiye kuri bene wabo muri Odessa. Nyuma yimbere mumateka ya autobiografi "ikote ryinkota", umusizi yemera ko umujyi wamajyepfo utarigeze uba uko yabyaye.

Imyaka yabana b'umwanditsi yanyuze mu mwuka wo kurimbura n'ubukene. Nyina wa Adamu yari yahinduwe na Suwede, hanyuma uzenguruke, ariko nta mafaranga yari afite. Mu 1887, isi yabonye "izenguruka ku biceri". Muri we, Minisitiri w'uburezi i.d. Delianov yasabye ububiko bwa Gymnasium gufata mu nzego z'abanyeshuri abo bana bakomokamo batateraga ibibazo. Bitewe nuko Chukovsky muriyi "ibisobanuro" ntabwo byari bikwiye, byakuwe mubigo byihariye byuburezi mugihe cya 5.

Mu rwego rwo kutiyongera ntaho ingaruka ku muryango, umusore yajyanywe ku kazi ako ari ko kose. Mu ruhare, bagerageje konlya, hari ibinyamakuru by'ibinyamakuru, kandi igisumbabyo cy'inzu, n'umusozi w'ibyapa. Muri icyo gihe, umusore yatangiye gushimishwa n'ubuvanganzo. Yagahinduye ibitabo byamamaza na Alexander Duma, yize imirimo ya Nietzsche na Edgar, kandi imivugo ya Edgar Poche yicaye nimugoroba kubera urusaku rwa ESF.

Mubindi bintu, kwibuka ibintu bidasanzwe byatumye umusore yiga icyongereza kugirango ahindure ibyanditswe mu kibabi, ntiyigeze akajagari. Hanyuma Chukovsky aracyamenya ko inyigisho ya Oleldorf idafite page ihame ryo kuvuga neza ryasobanuwe muburyo burambuye. Kubwibyo, nyuma yimyaka, Nikolai yasuye Ubwongereza, kuba abaturage basanzwe batamwumvise, batunguwe bidasanzwe numuvuza.

Itangazamakuru

Mu 1901, guhumekwa n'imirimo y'abanditsi bakundaga, Opus ya filozofiya yanditse ku mizi. Umusizi Vladimir Zhabotinsky, asoma umurimo avuye ku gisigisi ku bukorikori, ayijyana mu kinyamakuru "Odessa", ashyira intangiriro y'uko umwuga w'imyaka 70 wa Chukovsky. Kubitangaza byambere, umusizi yakiriye amafaranga 7. Ku mafaranga menshi, umusore yaguze kureba ipantaro nishati.

Imyaka ibiri yakazi mu kinyamakuru Nikolai nk'umunyamakuru wa "Amakuru ya Odesa" yoherejwe i Londres. Mu mwaka yanditse ingingo, yize ibitabo by'amahanga ndetse no kwandikira kataloge mu nzu ndangamurage. Mu gihe cy'urugendo rw'akazi, ibikorwa bya mirongo icyenda icyenda bya Chikovsky byasohotse.

Ubwanditsi yakundaga ubwiyonge bw'Ubwongereza ku buryo nyuma yimyaka myinshi yahinduye imirimo ya Whitman no kurwara mu kirusiya, kandi nanone bwabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa mbere wa Oscar Wilde, uhumbya ijisho ryabonye imiterere y'ibitabo by'intebe mu bitabo byose by'imiryango.

Muri Werurwe 1905, umwanditsi yimukiye muri Slar Odessa kugeza ku mvura ya St. Petersburg. Ngaho, umunyamakuru ukiri muto abonye akazi: Yanyuzwe n'uwandikirana mu kinyamakuru cy'Uburusiya mu Burusiya, aho raporo ze zerekeye ibitaramo no gusoma ibitabo byasohotse muri buri cyumba.

Umuririmbyi Leonid Shanov wafashije Chukovsky kurekura ikimenyetso mu mucyo. Sireti ya politiki wenyine yacapishijwe mu gitabo, na Alexander Kuprin, Edede Forlogib, ndetse na Teffi mu banditsi. Kubunyatari bidasobanutse na leta bikora Chikovsky yatawe muri yombi. Umwunganizi uzwi Grunenberg yashoboye kugera ku nteruro yihariye n'iminsi icyenda yo gutabara umwanditsi mu mwanzuro.

Byongeye kandi, umuvumbuzi yakoranyirijwe hamwe n'ibinyamakuru "umunzani" na "NIVA", ndetse no ku kinyamakuru "imvugo", aho Nikolai yandikaga inyandiko zikomeye z'abanditsi ba kijyambere. Nyuma, ibyo bikorwa byatatanye hejuru y'ibitabo: "Abantu na masks" (1914), "Abakunzi) (1922)," Kuva Chekhov kugeza uyu munsi "(1908).

Mu gatasi ko mu 1906, aho batuye umwanditsi babaye akazu ka Kuokkanale (Ububiko bw'ikigo cya Finlande). Ngaho, umwanditsi yagize amahirwe yo kumenyana numuhanzi Ilya Rinin, Posets Vladimir Mayakovsky na Alexey Tolstoy. Nyuma Chukovsky yavuze ku mibare y'umuco mu bisobanuro bye ". Umururazi. Mayakovsky. Bruce. Kwibuka "(1940).

Hano, 'igikoma cyintoki "cyasohotse mu 1979 cyasajwe, aho ZINALAI HIPPIIUS yasize autografiya, Nikinadi Gippius yavuye mu makarito yo guhanga, Alexander Blok, Herbert neza na Osip Manderstam. Ku butumire bwa Guverinoma mu 1916, Chukovsky mu rwego rw'abanyamakuru b'abanyamakuru bo mu Burusiya bazongera kujya mu rugendo rw'akazi mu Bwongereza.

Ubuvanganzo

Mu 1917, Nikolai yagarutse kuri St. Petersburg, aho, afata icyifuzo cya Maxim Gorky, afata umwanya w'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ishami ry'abana. Chukovsky yagerageje uruhare rwabanditsi b'amaboko mugihe bakora kuri Almanaci "firebird". Hanyuma yafunguye isi hashya k'ubuhanga bwe bw'ubuvanganzo, yandika "inkoko", "muganga w'imbwa" na "muganga".

Gorky yabonye mu migani ya bagenzigije kandi areka umuzi "gerageza kwishima" no gukora indi mirimo ku buryo bw'abana, "NIVA". Umwanditsi ahangayikishijwe nuko atazashobora kurekura ibicuruzwa byiza, ariko guhumekwa ubwabyo byabonye Umuremyi. Wari umunsi umwe mbere ya revolution.

Hanyuma, umuhungu urwaye wa Kolya, yagarutse avuye mu kazu ka St. Petersburg. Kugirango urangaze chado ishyushye kubitero byindwara, umusizi yatangiye guhimba umugani ugenda. Nta mwanya wo kwiga intwari n'umugambi.

Bose barushagaho guhinduranya byihuse amashusho nibyabaye kugirango umuhungu atagomba kuniha cyangwa kurira. Noneho, umurimo w "ingona" wasohotse mu 1917 wavutse.

Nyuma ya revolution ya Ukwakira, Chukovsky igenda hirya no hino ari inyigisho kandi ifatanya nubwoba abamamaji bose. Muri 20 ya 20, imizi yandika imirimo ya Moydodeyr na Tarakanishche, kandi igahindura inyandiko zindirimbo zabantu, icyegeranyo cya "scook" na "scook". Umugani icumi w'ibigo, umusizi urekuwe umwe umwe: "Muha-codochoha", "Urujijo", "Ni urujijo", "kivuga", "umusozi wa Aniboni", " "Izuba ryibwe", "Topprin na Lisa".

Imizi yiruka binyuze mu babwiriza, ntabwo iritandukanya n'ibitekerezo ku isegonda, hanyuma igakurikira buri murongo wacapwe. Imirimo ya Chukovsky yasohotse mu binyamakuru "Robinson nshya", "Yozh", "Bossen" n '"igishwi". Amaherezo yakozwe muburyo runaka umwanditsi ubwe yizeraga ko imigani yari umuhamagaro we.

Ibintu byose byahindutse nyuma yingingo ikomeye yibyiringiro bya Krukoskaya, aho impinduramatwara idafite abana batitwaga imirimo y'Umuremyi "Bourgeois ity" kandi batavuga ko mu mirimo ya kurwanya Chitovsky, ariko Ibitekerezo byabo by'ibinyoma biyoberanya.

Nyuma yibyo, ibisobanuro byibanga byagaragaye mubikorwa byose byumwanditsi: Umwanditsi yakundaga Inama ya Formanism na Ferionism yisazi, kumusozi wa Fetosono, mu misozi ya Fesoruno, mu ruhare rw'umusozi wa Ferusorno, ntirwagaragaza akamaro k'uruhare runini rwa Ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, kandi mu ntwari nyamukuru ya "isake" kandi yerekanaga ishusho ya karicature ya Stalin na gato.

Gutotezwa byazanye Chikovsky kurwego rukabije rwo kwiheba. Imizi hanyuma itangira kwizera ko imigani ye itari ikenewe. Ukuboza 1929, hasohotse ibaruwa y'umusizi "ikinyamakuru cy'ubuvanganzo", aho, yanze ku mirimo ishaje, asezeranya guhindura icyerekezo cyo guhanga kwe, kwandika ibisaruro "Byendagusetsa". Ariko rero, umurimo wo mu kinyabuzima we ntiwasohotse.

Umugani w'intambara y'intambara y'intambara "Obach Barmayile" (1943) yashyizwe muri Anthology y'imivugo y'Abasoviyeti, hanyuma ikorera aho igana kuri Stalin. Chukovsky yanditse ikindi gicuruzwa cya "Amahirwe ya Bibigon" (1945). Iyi nkuru yacapishijwe muri Murzilka, yibukwa kuri radiyo, hanyuma, yita "kwangiza ingengabitekerezo," yabujijwe.

Ndambiwe kurwanya abanenga n'abagenzuzi umwanditsi yasubiye mu itangazamakuru. Mu 1962, yanditse igitabo "Baho nk'ubuzima", aho hasobanurwa "indwara", yakubiswe Ikirusiya. Ntiwibagirwe ko umuturage wize guhanga Nekrasov, yasohoye icyegeranyo cyuzuye cyanditse Nikolai Alekseevich.

Chukovsky yari umwanditsi utari mu bitabo gusa, ahubwo no mubuzima. Yashoboye inshuro nyinshi icyo gikorwa, kuberako abo mu gihe cye, kubera ko boroheje, ntibashoboye. Mu 1961, inkuru ya Solzhenitsyn "Umunsi umwe Ivan Denisovich" yaje kuri we mu ntoki. Kuba umuntu wa mbere, Chukovsky kubashakanye bafite Twardovsky yemeje ko Khrushcheva yo gucapa iki gikorwa. Igihe Alegizandere Isaevich yabaye umuntu wongeyeho Grata, ni imizi yamuhishe mu bayobozi bo mu magada ye ya kabiri i Peredelkino.

Mu 1964, inzira yo ku byerekeye Joseph Brodsky yatangiye. Imizi hamwe na Marshak ni bamwe muri bake batatinye kwandika ibaruwa kuri komite nkuru bafite icyifuzo cyo kurekura umusizi. Umurage w'ubuvanganzo w'umwanditsi ntabwo wabitswe mu bitabo gusa, ahubwo no mu makarito.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Kuva ku mugore wa mbere kandi gusa Chukovsky yateraniye ku ya 18. Maria Borisovna yari umukobwa w'umucungamari wa Arona-bera Ruvimovich Goldfeld na Tuba Ababana boba (Tauba). Umuryango wa Nood ntabwo wigeze wemera gushinga imizi ivanovich. Igihe kimwe, abakundana ndetse bateganyaga guhunga kwangwa odessa zombi muri Caucase. Nubwo imvura itabaye, muri Gicurasi 1903, abashakanye barubatse.

Abanyamakuru benshi odessa baza mubukwe. Nibyo, Chukovsky ntabwo yari ikeneye ibibyimba, ariko amafaranga. Nyuma yimihango, umusore ufite imbaraga yakuyeho ingofero atangira kurenga abashyitsi. Nyuma yo kwizihiza, abashyingiranywe basigaye mu Bwongereza. Bitandukanye no gushinga imizi, Maria yagumyeyo amezi abiri. Amaze kumenya ko umugore yari atwite, umwanditsi yahise yohereza igihugu cye.

Ku ya 2 Kamena 1904, Chukovsky yakiriye telegaramu umugore we yabyaye umugore we amahoro. Uwo munsi, Felhelonite yateguye ibiruhuko maze ajya muri sirusi. Amaze gusubira i St. Petersburg, imizigo yubumenyi nubuzima bwerekanye i Londres yemeye ko Chukovsky cyane kugirango abe kunegura St. Petersburg. Sasha ararabura ntabwo adafite dich, yamwitaga numuzi Betinsky. Nyuma yimyaka imwe, umunyamakuru w'Intara yari ku kuguru magufi hamwe nigisasu cyubuvanganzo nubuhanzi.

Mugihe umuhanzi wibisobanuro yatwaye hafi yigihugu afite ibiganiro, umugore we yareze abana: Lidiya, Nikolai na Boris. Mu 1920, Chukovsky yongeye kuba se. Umukobwa wa Maria, abantu bose bahamagaye ibara ry'umuyugubwe, babaye intwari y'ibikorwa byinshi by'umwanditsi. Umukobwa yapfuye mu 1931 kuva igituntu. Nyuma yimyaka 10, umuhungu muto Boris yiciwe mu ntambara, kandi nyuma yimyaka 14, umugore wa Maria Chukovsky ntiyabaye.

Urupfu

Imizi ya Ivanovich yasize imyaka 87 (28 Ukwakira 1969). Impamvu y'urupfu ni virusi hepatite. Dacha muri Peredelkino, aho umusizi yabaga mu myaka yashize, ahindukirira inzu ndangamurage ya Chukovsky.

Abakunda guhanga amaso kandi kugeza na nubu barashobora guhura nahantu yaremye ibishishwa bye byumuhanzi ushimishije.

Bibliografiya

• "Sunny" (Umugani 1933);
• "Ikoti ry'izana" (inkuru, 1933);
• "Inkoko" (Umugani, 1913);
• "Aibolit" (Umugani, 1917);
• "Barmalei" (Umugani, 1925);
• "Moydodyr" (Umugani, 1923);
• "Fly-Codochuha" (Umugani, 1924);
• "Ospole Barmaley" (Umugani, 1943);
• "Amahirwe ya Bibigon" (Umugani wa 1945);
• "Urujijo" (Umugani, 1914);
• "Ubwami bw'imbwa" (Umugani, 1912);
• "Tarakanische" (Umugani, 1921);
• "Terefone" (Umugani, 1924);
• "Toptyrin na Lisa" (Umugani, 1934);