Ubuzima
Liveland Kuva Bulgakova Roman bulgakova yagize ati: "Ntuzigere usaba ubusa! Ntakintu na kimwe, cyane cyane abakomeye kukurusha. Wowe ubwawe uzatanga kandi abantu bose bazatanga byose! ".Iri jambo riva mu kazi kadapfa "Umwigisha na Margarita" riranga ubuzima bwahimbye Franz Schuber, Flan Schubert, amenyereye ubwinshi bw'indirimbo "Ave Maria" ("indirimbo ya gatatu Ellen").
Mu buzima, ntabwo yaharaniye icyubahiro. Nubwo imirimo ya Otirishiya kandi igakwirakwizwa muri salon zose za Vienne, Schubert yabayeho nabi cyane. Umwanditsi amaze gushyiraho ikoti kuri bkoni hamwe nimifuka imbere. Iki kimenyetso cyakemuwe abahawe inguzanyo kandi bivuze ko nta kindi twakura muri SCHUBART. Hamwe no kuryoha kw'icyubahiro gusa, Franz yapfiriye ku myaka ya 31. Ariko nyuma yaho, iyi sinius yamenyekanye mu gihugu cye gusa, ahubwo yamenyekanye ku isi: umurage wo guhanga ni mwinshi, yahimbye imirimo igera ku gihumbi: Yahimbye imirimo igera ku gihumbi: Yahimbye ibikorwa bigera ku gihumbi: Perenz, Serenad n'ibindi bihimbano.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Franz Peter Schubert yavukiye muri Otirishiya, hafi y'umujyi mwiza wa Vienne. Umuhungu ufite impano yakuze mumuryango usanzwe: Se ni umwarimu wishuri Franz Theodore - yabaye ubwoko bwumuhinzi, na nyina - umutetsi wa Elizabeti (Nee Fizz) yari umukobwa wubushakashatsi bwatanzwe na Silesiya. Usibye Franz, abashakanye bareze abandi bana bane (mu bana 14 bavutse 9 bapfuye bakiri bato).
Ntabwo bitangaje kuba mastrojo hazaza yerekanaga urukundo ku nyandiko, kuko mu nzu ye yahoraga "mu muziki: SCHUBERT-SR. Avuga ko akina na piyano na urufunguzo. Franz Jr. yari akikijwe n'isi ishimishije y'indirimbo, kubera ko kwakira umuryango wa SCHUBERS akenshi wakiriye abashyitsi, bategura nimugoroba wa muzika.
Abonye impano y'umuhungu we, ufite imyaka irindwi igeze ku rufunguzo rutiriwe yiga ifishi yo mu rusengero-Paruwasi ya Likhitsal, kandi M. Hol Holzer yigishije Umusore Schubert mu buhanzi bwijwi, yamenye icyubahiro.
Igihe ejo hazaza harahiwe afite imyaka 11, yakiriwe na karayoko mu kigo cy'urukiko, yari i Vienne, kandi yiyandikishije mu ishuri ahabimwe n'umushyitsi, aho yabonaga inshuti nziza. Mu kigo cy'uburezi, SCHUBERT yatowe ku ishyari akoresheje umuziki, ariko, imibare n'ikilatini yahaye abahungu.
Birakwiye kuvuga ko mu mpano z'abasore Otirishiya ntawe washidikanyaga. WenSell Ruzhichka, wigishije Ijwi rya Bass Bass yo mu majwi y'amajwi menshi, hari ukuntu yavuze:
"Ntacyo mfite cyo kumwigisha! Twese abizi Uwiteka Imana. "Kandi mu 1808, Schubert yinjiye mu byishimo by'ababyeyi kuri korari y'ibwami. Igihe umuhungu yahiraga imyaka 13, yandikaga mu bwigenge bwa muzika bwa mbere mu muziki, na nyuma yimyaka 2 hamwe numusore yatangiye kuba umuhigo wamenyekanye, utaranaga amafaranga yatanzwe nabasore amafaranga yubufaransa.
Umuziki
Iyo ijwi rito rya Schubert ritangira kumeneka, uhimbye uwuwahimbye kubwimpamvu ifatika yahatiwe kuva muri Quew. Padiri Franz yarose ko yinjiye mu iseminari ya mwarimu, akomeza inzira ye. Schubert ntiyashoboraga kwihanganira ubushake bw'ababyeyi be, nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi yatangiye gukora ku ishuri, aho nigishije inyuguti mu majwi akiri muto.
Ariko, umuntu ubuzima bwe bwari mu ishyaka ryumuziki, imirimo yo kubamya icyubahiro ntabwo yari imeze. Kubwibyo, hagati yamasomo yateje agasuzuguro muri Franz, yicara ku meza, ahimbaza imirimo, kandi yiga imirimo ya Mozart, Beethoven na Glukka.
Mu 1814, yanditse Opera "Intumwa ya SEATH SATAN" na Majoro rusange. Kandi mu myaka 20, Schubert abaye umwanditsi byibuze simfoni eshanu, abahungu barindwi n'indirimbo magana atatu. Umuziki ntabwo wasize ibitekerezo bya Schubert kumunota: umwanditsi ufite impano yabyutse no mu gicuku kugirango abone injyana yumviye mu nzozi.
Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, nimugoroba wa muzika ya Otirishiya yateguye: Mu nzu ya Schubert, utava mu piyano kandi akenshi abagenzi bamenyereye, bamenyerewe kandi bakomeye baragaragaye.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1816, Franz yagerageje kugera ku mwanya w'umukuru wa korari, ariko imigambi ye ntabwo yari igenewe gusohora. Bidatinze, SCHUBET NAKARAHO inshuti zateranye na Bariton Bariton johann Foglla.
Uyu muhanzi wafashije Schubert kwigaragaza mubuzima: Yakoze indirimbo ziyobowe na Franz aherekeza muri Salon ya Vienne.
Ariko ntibishoboka kuvuga ko Otirishiya yari ifite igikoresho cya clavier nka sortuoso nk'urugero, Bethoven. Ntabwo buri gihe yagiraga igitekerezo gikwiye kuri rubanda rwo gutega amatwi, bityo rero ibitekerezo byabarebaga bishyuwe viza.
Mu 1817, Franz abaye umwanditsi w'umuziki ku ndirimbo "trout" ku magambo yatwa umukirisitu. Nanone, uwahimbye yamenyekanye cyane ku muziki wa Ballad uzwi cyane w'Umwanditsi w'Umudage Goethe Lesnoy Tsar, kandi mu itumba ryo mu 1818, umurimo wa Franz "wasohowe, nubwo abakozi b'ubutegetsi bahoraga baboneka mbere ya Icyamamare cya Schubert.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mu myaka y'impinga yo gukundwa, Franz yabonye gukundana byunguka. Rero, bagenzi be (umwanditsi Bauernfeld, uwahimbye Huiittenbrener, umuhanzi Schwind hamwe nabandi nshuti) yafashije amafaranga yumucuranzi.
Igihe amaherezo ScUbert yemeye umuhamagaro we, mu 1818 yavuye muri Yobu ku ishuri. Ariko se ntiyakunze icyemezo cyubuzima k'Umwana, nuko yambura umwana we ushimishije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Abafaransa bagombaga gusaba ijoro n'inshuti.
Amahirwe mubuzima bwahimbye bwari impinduka cyane. Opera "Alfonso na Estrella" ku nyandiko z'ibishushanyo, Franz yabonaga ko ari amahirwe, yaranze. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibintu bifatika bya Schubert byarushijeho kuba bibi. Kandi mu 1822 uwahimbye indwara yatesheje ubuzima. Hagati mu cyi, Franz yimukiye mu byishimo, aho yatuye mu isambu yo kubara Johanna Esterhazi. Ngaho Schubert yigishaga abana be umugore.
Mu 1823, Schubert ihinduka umunyamuryango wicyubahiro wo mu byo mu muziki wa Schini na Lingi. Muri uwo mwaka, umucuranzi yahimbye "Indirimbo nziza ya Mellenchika" ku majambo y'urukundo rw'umusizi Wilhelm Müller. Muri izi ndirimbo, babwirwa kubyerekeye umusore wagiye gushaka umunezero.
Ariko umunezero w'umusore wari mu rukundo: Abonye umukobwa wa Millele, umwambi wasimbi wihutiye mu mutima we. Ariko abakundwa begereye abo mu bahanganye, umuhigi muto, bityo rero ko umugenzi ashimishije kandi muremure bidatinze yahindutse akababaro gakomeye.
Nyuma yo gutsinda gukomeye kwa "melnichi nziza" mu gihe cy'itumba no kugwa kwa 1827, SCHUBARARAN ikora ku kindi cyiciro cyitwa "Inzira y'itumba". Umuziki, wanditse mumagambo yisumba, uzwi cyane no kwiheba. Franz ubwe yise ubwonko bwe "indabyo z'indirimbo zinyenzi." Birashimishije kubona ko ibihangano byijimye cyane ku rukundo rutagengwa na Schubert cyanditse mbere gato y'urupfu rwe.
Ubuzima bwa Franz bwerekana ko rimwe na rimwe yagombaga gutura mu kiti cyangiritse, aho yakoresheje umucyo wa Rachin yaka ahimbye imirimo ikomeye ku baforomo. Uwahimbye yari umukene cyane, ariko ntiyashakaga kubaho ku bufasha bw'amafaranga.
"Ikizaza kuri njye ..." Birashoboka, nzaba ngomba guhoreza, kimwe na Hoteviya Horper, va mu muryango w'imiryango usabe imbere y'umugati. "Ariko Franz ntiyabishobora no gutekereza ko atazasaza. Igihe umucuranzi yari hafi kwiheba, imana y'iherezo yongeye kumwenyura: mu 1828, SCHUBABERY YATOREWE UMURYANGO W'UMUZIKI W'UMUZIKI, KANDI KU WA 26 Werurwe, Uwahimbye yahaye igitaramo cy'umwanditsi bwa mbere . Imikorere yari intsinzi, kandi sale iraturika kuva mumashyi menshi. Kuri uyu munsi, Franz mu gihe cya mbere kandi cyanyuma mubuzima bwe yasanze intsinzi nyayo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mubuzima, uwahimbye ukomeye yari afite ubwoba kandi afite isoni. Kubwibyo, inyinshi mu ntumwa z'umwanditsi zakozwe ku buryo bwe. Ibikoresho bya Franz byabaye igisitaza munzira yibyishimo, kuko umukunzi we yahisemo umukwe mwiza.
Urukundo rwa ScUbert rwitwa Teresa Horb. Hamwe niyi Franz idasanzwe yahuye, kuba muri korari yitorero. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko umukobwa ufite imisatsi yimihago atumva ubwiza, ariko, muburyo bugaragara, isura ye yijimye "yari ijisho riva mu maso y'abantu, kandi ridasanzwe kandi ryera" ryera .
Ariko nta gasaranga yakwegereye schubert muguhitamo umudamu wumutima. Yakundaga kuba Teresa hamwe na Trepid kandi ahumekewe bumvise umuziki, kandi muri ibyo bihe isura ye yabonye isura nziza, kandi umunezero urabagirana mu maso.
Ariko, kubera ko umukobwa yarezwe adafite se, nyina yashimangiye ko yahisemo ibya nyuma hagati y'urukundo n'amafaranga. Kubwibyo, Gorb yashakanye numunyeshuri ukize.
Ubuzima busigaye bwa Schubert ni buke. Dukurikije ibihuha, uwahimbye mu 1822 yanduye Sifilis - icyo gihe indwara idakira. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, birashobora gufatwa ko Franz atazimiye gusura amazu rusange.
Urupfu
Mu gatasi ko 1828, Franz Schubert yababajwe n'umuriro w'ibyumweru ibiri biterwa n'indwara yandura amara - indanga yakumiwe. Ku ya 19 Ugushyingo, ku myaka 32 yuzuye, uwahimbye ukomeye yarapfuye.
Otirishiya (ukurikije ibyifuzo bya nyuma) byashyinguwe ku irimbi ry'ikigo iruhande rw'imva y'Ikigirwamana cye - Beethoven.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ku mafranga yahinduwe mu gitaramo cyo gutsinda, cyabaye mu 1828, Franz Schubert yabonye piyano.
- Mu kugwa kwa 1822, uwahimbye yanditse "Symphony No 8", yinjiye mu nkuru nka "simfoni itigeze". Ikigaragara ni uko kuri mbere Franz yashyizeho iki gicuruzwa muburyo bwurucacagu, hanyuma mumanota. Ariko kubwimpamvu itumvikana, SCHUBETRT ntabwo yigeze irangiza akazi kuri konko. Ukurikije ibihuha, ibindi byakishijwe intoki byatakaye kandi bibitswe ninshuti za Otirishiya.
- Bamwe bibeshye bitinda kuri SCHUBART BEBRSRepip Izina ryikinyiki. Ariko interuro "umwanya wa muzika" yazanye umwanditsi wamamaza leadssdorf.
- ScUbert asenga Goethe. Umucuranzi yarose guhura n'uyu mwanditsi uzwi, ariko inzozi ze ntizagenewe gusohora.
- Schubert's Big DIGHY Symphony yasanze nyuma yimyaka 10 apfuye.
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Umukinnyi Franz "Rosamunda" yitwaga Asteroid, yafunguwe mu 1904.
- Imva y'uwahimbye, imbaga y'inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki bitari ngombwa. Kuva kera, abantu ntibari bazi ibyanditswe na SCHUBART.
Discography
Indirimbo (zirenga 600)
- Cycle "mellenchikha" (1823)
- Cycle "Inzira y'imbeho" (1827)
- Icyegeranyo "Swan Indirimbo" (1827-1828, nyuma y'iposita)
- Indirimbo zigera kuri 70 ku nyandiko Goethe
- Indirimbo zigera kuri 50 kuri Schiller
Symphony
- D-Dur (1813)
- Kabiri b-dur (1815)
- D-Dur (1815)
- Icya kane C-Moll "Dragique" (1816)
- Gatanu b-dur (1816)
- Icya gatandatu C-Dur (1818)
Fundation (22 gusa)
- Quartet B-Dur op. 168 (1814)
- G-Moll Quartet (1815)
- Quartet A-Moll Op. 29 (1824)
- Quartet D-Moll (1824-1826)
- Quartet g-dur op. 161 (1826)