Ubuzima
Richard Milhaus Nixon numunyamerika wa politiki na Umunyamerika, Visi-perezida wa Amerika (1953-1961), Perezida wa 36 wa Amerika (1969-1974). Richard yavutse ku ya 9 Mutarama 1913 mu mujyi wa Californiya wa Yorba Linda mu muryango w'umucuruzi muto, Abanyamerika Francis Nixon na uwo mugore Hanah, Hanah Milhaus Nixon. Umuryango wazanywe n'abahungu batanu - Harold, Donald, Donald, Donald, Ed, witiriwe abami b'Ubwongereza. Richard, uwa kabiri mu bavandimwe, yakiriye izina ryubaha umutima utare Richard.
Hana kuva mu bwana bwitabiriye abaturage batagaruye, amashami yabaporotesitanti. Umugore yashushanyije uwo mwashakanye n'abana mu kwizera kwe. Mu 1922, Nixse yimukiye mu mujyi wa helyite, aho Richard yagiye ku ishuri. Nubwo akazi gahoraho mu iduka ry'ibiryo bya se, bitari kure ya Benzokolonki Nixons, Richard yashoboye kuba umunyeshuri wa kabiri wumunyeshuri wishuri kandi arangije muri 1930 hamwe nibimenyetso byiza. Umuhungu yahawe imyitozo kuri Harvard, ariko kubera ingorane zamafaranga, Richard yinjiye muri kaminuza ya whitier.
Ahantu hashya, umuryango wabuze igihombo cya mbere: Mu 1925, umuto wa Nixonov Arthur, uwo wari ufite imyaka 7 gusa, kandi Harold yapfuye afite imyaka 24 kuva igituntu. Mu 1934, Nixon yinjiye mu ishuri ry'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Duke, yari i Durham. Mu myaka y'abanyeshuri, Richard yarose mu mwuga muri FBI, ariko asubira muri Californiya, aho yatuye mu biro byemewe n'amategeko bya Whirrat no Kwizera. Kuva mu 1937, yari igizwe na kaminuza yemewe. Nixonu yashishikarije ibibazo bitavugwaho rumwe hagati yamasosiyete ya peteroli hamwe nibigo byubucuruzi.
Umwaka umwe, umunyamategeko wa Nougoce wahawe umuyobozi w'ishami ry'Ibiro mu mujyi wa La Habra Heroight, mu 1939 Nixon yashoboye gucungura igice cy'imigabane y'isosiyete. Abavoka ba Richard bafatwaga nkuburambe bwabayeho mubuzima. Mu 1942, Nixon yanditswe mu rutonde rw'abasirikare navy, aho yatangiye serivisi mu ntera ya Liyetona. Ushinzwe inshingano z'umupolisi harimo umutekano w'imiyoboro ya Amerika mu nyanja ya pasifika. Nixon yaguye mu za 1946 mu rwego rw'umuyobozi wa Liyetona.
Politiki
Mu 1946, Richard ku butumire bw'Ubudage Perry, umwe mu bayobozi b'amasako ya Amerika, yagize uruhare mu matora y'inzu y'abahagarariye bo muri Amerika baturutse mu ntara ya 12. Mubukangurambaga bw'amatora, umunyamategeko ukiri muto yashoboye kurenga uwahagarariye J. Vurkhis. Muri iyi nyandiko, Nixon yamaze igihe ntarengwa. Nyuma ya 40s, Nixon yakoraga muri Minisiteri ishinzwe ishami rya komisiyo kumenya komisiyo bihishe, aho yateguye kandi yahishuye intama y'Abasoviyeti yo mu mitsi ya Whittera, wakoranye n'umutware wo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Mu 1950, Richard Nixon yakiriye manda ya Senateri na Californiya yimukira i Washington. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, uhagarariye abategetsi babaye Minisitiri w'intebe wungirije w'Abaminisitiri wa Guverinoma ya Eisenhawer. Nixon yahoraga yaherekeje perezida mu nama na Kongere n'Inama y'Abaminisitiri, akenshi bagaragaye mu ruhame, bagaragaza ibyemezo bya Perezida na Guverinoma. Inshuro eshatu kuva 1955 kugeza 1957, Eisenhuer, yafashe inshingano zumukuru wigihugu.
Mu 1960, Nixon yahatanira John Kennedy mumatora ataha, ariko yabuze uwo bahanganye afite itandukaniro rito. Mu 1962, mu bijyanye no kwegura kwa White House, Richard yasubiye by'agateganyo umunyamategeko muri Californiya. Tumaze gucana amatora abategetsi ba kavukire, babonaga ko umwuga wa politiki warangiye. Muri uwo mwaka, Autobiography's ya Nixon "" ibibazo bitandatu "byagaragaye, yeguriwe umurimo we muri guverinoma y'Amerika.
Mu 1963, yimukira i New York, aho ishami ry'itegeko ryafunguwe. Umwaka umwe, Nixon yatumiwe ku cyicaro gikuru cy'amatora y'umukandida wa Perezida B. Google Water. Mu 1968, Nixon yatangaje ko ari umuturo w'umuntu we mu matora ya perezida ndetse no ku ya 7 Kanama yatsinze abatavuga rumwe na Humphrey, J.ERRni, N. Rockefeller na R. Reagan.
Perezida
Politiki y'imbere ya Richard Nixon yari ishingiye kuri conservatism. Perezida yarwanyije gahunda z'imibereho yo gufasha abakene mu baturage, imirima, yabujije kwishyira ukizana mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga. Ku ngoma ya Nixon, habaye kugwa kwa legeneards yo mu kirere cy'Abanyamerika ukwezi.
Muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, imanza zose zategekwa n'umujyanama w'umutekano w'igihugu, Henry Kissinger, Nixon yashyizeho inshingano yo kuva muri Amerika mu ntambara ya Vietnam. Gusohoka kw'ingabo z'Abanyamerika, byatangiye muri Nyakanga 1969, byatangiye imyaka 3 kuva ifasi yo muri Vietnam yepfo irangira mu ntangiriro za 1973 no gusinya amasezerano y'amahoro ya Paris.
Mu 1970, kuzigama imiterere y'ikirenga, Nixon yohereje ingabo za gisirikare muri Kamboje, aho guverinoma nshya ya Loni Nola yatangiye kurwanya Abakomunisiti. Gukomeza intambara muri Indochier byateje uruzitiro rushya mu myigaragambyo muri Amerika. Muri Nixon, guhuza politiki na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti na Repubulika y'Ubushinwa byatangiye. Mu 1972, Richard yatorewe inshuro nyinshi ku mwanya w'umukuru w'igihugu kandi muri Gashyantare uwo mwaka asigaye kuri PRC, kandi muri Gicurasi, hamwe n'umugore we, aho abasiporora brezhnev.
Mu 1972, amezi 4 mbere y'amatora, hafunzwe abantu batanu bashyiraho uburyo bwo gukiza ku cyicaro gikuru cy'umukandikire ya perezida baturutse muri Demokarasi. Ibiro byari mu nyubako ya margue. Abagororwa bafashe filime ya rukuruzi bakoresheje amajwi y'ibiganiro bya politiki, hamwe n'amafoto y'ibanga. Scandal yakinnye uruhare ruca mu biranga politiki ya Perezida.
Mu myaka ibiri, iperereza ryagaragaye mu buryo butaziguye n'uruhare rwa Richard Nixon kuri uru rubanza, rwemejwe n'imyumvire myinshi, iterabwoba no guhashya abatangabuhamya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ku ya 9 Kanama 1974, Nixon yeguye ku iterabwoba ryo kudaharanira inyungu. Umukuru ukurikira wa Leta Gerald Ford Birababaje Nixon, nubwo igihano kitakozwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu ntangiriro za 1938, Richard Nixon yahuye numwarimu wishuri wa Telma Pat Ryan muri kimwe mubikorwa byabakinnyi ba Studio Studio. Umusore yarebye hirya no hino kumukobwa mugihe kinini mbere yuko yemera kuba umugore we. Muri Kamena 1940, Richard na Telma barashyingiwe. Uwo mwashakanye yahaye Nixon Abakobwa babiri - Trishia (1946) na Julie (1948).
Mu 1968, Julie yashakanye n'umwuzukuru wa Perezida Eisenhower David. Trishi yashakanye n'umwuzukuru wa New Yorker Edward R. Finch, barangije Harvard, umunyamategeko Edward Finch Count Coke mu 1971. Telma Nixon yapfuye ku ya 22 Kamena 1993 avuye muri kanseri y'ibiha.
Urupfu no kwibuka
Nyuma yo kwegura, Richard Nixon yasezeranye no kwandika ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo. Uwahoze ari perezida yabujijwe gukora ibikorwa byemewe n'amategeko ndetse na politiki. Imyaka yashize Richard yabaga mu kigo gifunze muri Parike Ridge, Jersey mushya, aho yapfiriye kuva Hemarhage yerekeza mu bwonko ku ya 22 Mata 1994.
Richard Nixon yakunze kuba intwari ya firime za Hollywood. Mu 1995, umuyobozi wabitse ibuye yakuyeho ikinamico ya politiki "Nixon", aho Anthony Hopkins yagize uruhare runini rwa Perezida. Muri benedi "Elvis yahuye na Nixon" na "Umukunzi wa Perezida" Umukuru wa Perezida yagize Bob Ganton na Dan Hedai.
Mu ntangiriro za 1974, ibyabaye byabereye ku ndege kugera muri Delta, wabonaga ko agerageza kuba perezida wa Nixon. Iterabwoba ryinjiye muri salon yindege kandi risaba abaderevu gukurikira Washington. Abayobozi ba FBI baza ku gihe batangiye kurasa n'umugizi wa nabi, amaherezo wera. Mu 2004, triller yatambuweho yarekuwe "kwica Perezida. Kugerageza kuri Richard Nixon "iyobowe na Niels muller, byeguriwe ibyabaye mu ntangiriro ya 1974. Noneho ifoto yanyuma yeguriwe perezida wa 36 ni urwenya 2016 "Elvis na Nixon".
Ibyagezweho
- Umwe mu bagize Inteko y'abahagarariye bo mu karere ka 12 h'amatora ya Californiya - 1947
- Senateri Kuva muri Californiya - 1950
- Visi Perezida wa 36 - 1953
- Perezida wa 30 wa Amerika - 1969