Jane Austin - Biography, Amafoto, Ubuzima Bwihariye, Filime, Ibitabo hamwe n'ibitabo

Ubuzima

Jane Austin numwanditsi uzwi cyane wibitabo bya kera, abasomyi bamenyereye kubikorwa muburyo bwa realism. Amasomo yayo kugeza na n'ubu arakunzwe mu rubyiruko no mu gisekuru gikuru, kandi abakuru bakomeye bohereza imirimo ya jane kuri ecran ya TV.

Ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1775 mu mujyi muto wa Stevenson, ko mu Ntara ya Hampshire, iherereye mu majyepfo y'Ubwongereza, umukobwa wa Jane yavukiye mu muryango wa Ostinov. Kuva igihe cy'itumba cyari gikaze, mukobwa yabatirizwaga mu itorero gusa ku ya 5 Mata. Turashobora kuvugwa ko ababyeyi b'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza bahanuye ibizabaho, kuko izina Jane risobanura "Imana ubuntu", "ubuntu bw'Imana".

Umuryango wa Ostinov wabayeho mu buryo bworoheje, umutware w'umuryango yari umupadiri wa paruwasi, maze umugore we ayobora urugo. Abashakanye bamenyereye muri kaminuza ya St. John John. Cassandra yabereye mu muryango mwiza cyane cyane, se yari umuyobozi muri College of Lives. Dowry Madamu Li wiyoroshya, kuko umurage wose wa nyirakuru yakiriye umuvandimwe mukuru James. George nawe yari avuye mu bwoko bw'abacuruzi bakize, ariko umuryango we wari Heleras.

Epoch yo Kumurikirwa Ntabwo yateguwe, kandi icyo gihe habaye impfu nyinshi z'uruhinja: zateye imbere nk'izo nkizo nka Epidemic Vapotitis, Cholera, igituntu n'abandi benshi. Ariko abana bose ba George Austin hamwe nigitangaza cye cyakundaga kugumanye.

Rero, umwanditsi yakuze mu muryango mugari, aho, aho, abahungu batandatu n'umukobwa umwe. Jane yari umwana w'inyuma kandi yavutse ku kwezi kwa cumi cyo gutwita. Mu ikubitiro, abana bavutse bayobowe na nyina. Hanyuma, umugore abaha umuturanyi Elizabeti muto, wareze abana kugeza ku mezi 12-18.

Nyuma ya James kuva mu bwana yashyize mu bikorwa ubushobozi bwe bwo guhanga kandi akora ubuvanganzo: yanditse inkuru zimpimbano. Ariko iherezo ryateguye umusore muburyo butandukanye: Kuba mukuru, James yatangiye kuba pasiteri mu itorero ryaho. Ibyerekeye undi muvandimwe - George - Guceceka, Kuberako Ostini yahisemo kutavuga kuri we. Birazwi ko umuhungu yasubiye inyuma kandi atigeze yiga kuvuga. Ariko umwanditsi yakundaga George, kubwo rero yamenye inyuguti yabatumva-na-ikiragi.

Edward yemeye bene wabo ba Ostinov, umuhungu yakuriye mu muryango ukize wa Knight, na Henry - umuntu wifuza - akora nk'umubanki, hanyuma yemera San. Francis na Charles Bahambiriye ku nyanja, na mushiki wa Cassandra, bashushanya amashusho n'amazi, ntibigeze bagira umunezero mu buzima bwe bwite. Jane na Kassandra bashyizwe ku bigo byinshi by'uburezi, ariko abakobwa ntibagize amahirwe n'ububiko. Mu bindi, muri kimwe mu ngendo muri Southampton, Jane yagiye yica, kandi nta mafaranga yo kwiga mu muryango wa Ostinov.

George yahise amenya ko gutya abakobwa be batazabona inyigisho nziza, ku giti cye rero yakoreye umwarimu, afata inshingano zose kuri we. Rero, duhereye kuri Padiri wa Erudite na Soma neza, umwanditsi we na mushiki we bize ibirenze ku ntebe y'ishuri. Umugabo yibanze ku bitabo, kugira ngo abakobwa bakiri bato bakunze imirimo ya Shakespeare, Yum, Richardson n'abandi banditsi. Nyuma yo gusoma, basubije imirimo yose mu kwibuka, baganiriye ku manza, byaganiriweho kandi bagaragaza ibitekerezo.

Ubuvanganzo

Goethe yigeze kuvuga ati: "Umuntu ufite impano ya selential arabona umunezero mwinshi mugihe iyi mpano ikoresha." Mubyukuri, Jane yishimiye impano yImana yuzuye: Umukobwa yatangiye kwishora mubyanditse kuva afite imyaka 14. Hanyuma yahimbye umurimo wa mbere wa mbere "urukundo n'ubucuti". No mu rubyiruko, amateka ya blesque yo mu Bwongereza "no kwandika" Cassandra nziza ", igitangaje, imiti, Rousseau na Chateobrica, kuko ibyiyumvo bitandukanye no gutekereza nabo byanditswe.

Kubwibyo, imirimo yo kuruhuka cyangwa urukundo rudasanzwe, soma ibitsina byisi muri salon, ntabwo byari munsi yacyo, Jane Austin yinjiye mu mateka yacyo, udafite imvugo ngereranyo idasanzwe kandi irababaje cyane, yongerera imvozi.

Muri 1811, munsi yizina ryizina rya jaudonym jane itanga igitabo gitandukanya "yumva kandi avugisha ukuri: Marianna Dashwood ameze numuhamagaro wumutima, mugihe Eleanor ari Kuyoborwa n'ubwenge. Rero, mubitekerezo byabasomyi, ubururu runaka buratera imbere hagati yimico ibiri yabantu.

Nyuma yimyaka itatu, jane yitegereza banyarwandakazi uhanitse na Nyagasani roman "ubwibone n'urwikekwe", uza igihe cyo kuvuga. Birashimishije kubona Austin yatangiye gukora ku gitabo mu gitabo cya 1795 (96), ariko iki gitabo ntabwo cyagize ingaruka nziza kubabwiriza, niko inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yari umukungugu ku gipangu imyaka 15.

Ndashimira gusa "kumva no kwiyumvisha" - igitabo cyahaye umwanditsi inzira yisi yubuvanganzo - umurimo wa kabiri wa Austin yabonye urumuri. Nibyo, mbere yo gutambutsa igitabo, Jane yakoresheje ubwonko, ntageragezwa kwambara izina "ibitangaje gato", hafi imyaka myinshi, kuko imyaka myinshi umwanditsi yashoboye guhindura ibitekerezo byubuzima no kubona uburambe.

Muri 1814, parike yigisha "Mansfield" irasohoka, kandi mu mwaka, John Murray Igikorwa cyatangajwe na Emma, ​​kivuga ku bantu basetsa, bagerageza gutunganya ubuzima bwite bumenyerewe kandi bibajije. Iki gitabo cyashimishijwe na nyir'ikaramu wa Walter Scott.

Muri 1816, Jane abaye umwanditsi w'urugo "rwo mu rugo" atongana "(Yatangajwe nyuma y'urupfu), ikibanza gishingiye ku gihombo cy'ubusa n'ubusa, ubuswa bwe. Mubyinshi byinyuguti muriyi mirimo, urashobora gutanga umukobwa wimyaka 27 wa Walter Ann Elliot, kuko uyu mukobwa wigunze ari igitabo cya atypical cyitwa intwari Jane Austin.

Nubwo yari akiri muto, Ann yegaragara imbere y'abasomyi mu ishusho yumugore wubwenge kandi uhanitse, muri societe yitwa Isugi ya kera. Ann yakunze umusore, ariko, ayobowe n'impaka zibitekerezo, yaramwanze kugira ngo abeho neza.

Niba tuvuze uburyo bw'umwanditsi Jane Austin, ariko, birumvikana ko ari umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya psychologue, uba uzi haba mu bugingo bw'abantu no mu bibazo bya buri munsi, icyakorwa n'imirimo ye. Na Jane yamenyereye icyo gihe cyandikishijwe intoki yimigabane yicyuma na sarcasm. Nubwo ibya cumi bimurikirwa na Victorian Epoch yateseje imyaka amagana ashize, ingeso mbi zabantu, nkuburyarya, umururumba, irari, irari, ubunebwe, nibindi. ntabwo yagiye ku isazi.

Ibi byose byari mugihe cyimipira ihebuje nubuvanganzo bwubuvanganzo. Kurugero, urashobora kwibuka uburyo urwango rwa Madamu Bennenet trcy mu kanya nk'ako umusore agiye gutanga icyifuzo cy'amaboko n'umusatsi w'umukobwa (" Ubwibone n'urwikekwe "). Rero, Jane yamennye imyumvire muri fluff numukungugu, wari kubasomyi ibitabo byamarangamutima.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwihariye bwagatabo bwicyongereza bwuzuyemo amabanga. Kurugero, ibibinyabuzima biracyazi isura yukuri yumudamu. Amakuru amwe avuga ko yari umusore ukiri muto mwiza, abandi barabisobanura nk'ingofero ihindagurika, abavandimwe bashigikiye mu bwana, banyeganyega mu matama. Ku miterere yumukobwa, nabyo, hari ibitekerezo bikunzwe: bigaragara nkumukobwa wambere kandi unyuranye numukobwa wibanze, hanyuma, umudamu wunvikana kandi mwiza kandi mwiza. Ibyerekeye Jane Isuku irashobora gucirwa urubanza na Portrait wakoze Cassandra muri 1810.

Umudozi yerekanye inkuru nziza zurukundo, ariko we ubwe ntiyigeze abona umunezero. Ubuzima bwe bwahindutse mu 1796. Thomas Langlua Lefra, umusore wize, ibirenge bya Huguento, byaje gushaka bene be, babaga hafi ya Ostinov. Tomasi yashimiwe n'umutima w'umwanditsi, ishyaka ryigihe gito ryahindutse urukundo rugufi, nkuko byatangiye vuba, vuba na Ugas. Dukurikije imigani yumuryango, umubano wurubyiruko wagiye mu mpera zapfuye kubera kutanyurwa kwa nyirasenge. Nyuma, abo mu gihe bavuze ko ibyo bintu byasanze ari ingingo mu "ngingo zo gutekereza", ariko Tomasi yavuze ko akunda Jane "Urukundo" - ntacyo kuri we ntacyo bivuze.

Ariko Austin ntabwo yayoborwaga n'ingingo zibitekerezo, ariko ihinduka umukobwa w'amarangamutima, yibutse urukundo rwe rudakwiriye iminsi n'amajoro, kuko, nk'uko hushkin yakundaga ku munwa wa Evgenia, "umusore dukunda," byoroshye turamukunda. " Mu gihe umwigisha yarababajwe, Thomas yazamuye ubuzima bwe bwite nta ngorane: Yabaye umucamanza w'Ikirenga wa Irilande kandi yashakanye n'umukire Mariya wahaye umwana w'abana umunani.

Ariko umusore Harris Bigga yari afite ibintu byose byahagaritswe kubinyuranye: umusore yakundaga Jane. Ku cyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'umutima, umukobwa yumvikane, ariko umunsi umwe gusa yari umugeni: Austin ntiyafashe imiti yigihe, ntiyibagiwe Thomas, nuko umudamu yibagiwe ejo hazaza. Umukobwa ntabwo yagombaga kumva nkumugore wuje urukundo kandi akamenya igikundiro cyububyeyi, kuko abagambanyi nta mwana baboneye. Mu bwisanzure mu buntu mu bitabo, Jane yishora mu kudoda no gufasha nyina hafi y'inzu.

Urupfu

Jane Austin yarwaye indwara ya Addison (kubura Adrenal Cortex). Ukurikije ibisobanuro byavumbuye, ubu burwayi burashobora gufata imyaka itari mike nta bimenyetso kandi tugakomeza kugaragara, ahubwo bitera imbere kubera ibihe bitesha umutwe cyangwa izindi ndwara. Umurwayi arahungabanya ubushake, isesemi igaragara, kugabanya ibiro, Tetania, nibindi.

Umwanditsi yagiye mu mpeshyi ya 1817 ku mwaka wa 42 w'ubuzima. Yageze muri Winchester kwivuza, ariko umukobwa ntiyashoboye guhangana n'indwara. Jane ntabwo yari afite umwanya wo kurangiza imirimo ya Sandathon, Watsons na Lady Susan. Umuroma "Amajyaruguru ya Gamber" yatangajwe nyuma.

Film

Ntabwo bitangaje kuba Austin yuzuye ibisobanuro byakazi ntibyari byahujwe.

• Mu 1995, Umuyobozi Enge Li wagize "ubwenge n'amarangamutima" kuri ecran ya televiziyo. Birashimishije kubona ko Emma Thompson yanditse inyandiko imaze imyaka igera kuri itanu. Inshingano zakozwe na Emma Thompson, Alan Rickman, inkoni ya high n'abandi bakinnyi.

• Mu myaka ya 1995, urukurikirane rwa Mini-rukurikirane "rusohoka" rusohoka, aho Jennifer El, muri Connin firth, Suzanna Harmar, Suzanna Harker n'abandi bakoze kuri seti. Uru rukurikirane tukikingurutse ikibanza cyerekanye urukundo rwa bevinons ashishikaye kwisi yose.
• Mu 2005, Keira Knightley, Matayo Magfadien na Rosamund Pike yagize uruhare muri Melodraman "ubwibone n'urwikekwe". Emma Thompson yongeye gukora nkibintu ahitamo guhindura ibiganiro mumwimerere wandikishijwe intoki.

• Muri 2006, filime ya Jane Austin ya Jane Austin isohoka, abwira Umubano n'Ubumwe. Uruhare rw'ubwami rwakinnye Ann Hathaway, na James McAvod bavukiye mu mukundwa.
• Muri 2008, umuyobozi Dan Zef Zew yashyikirije urukiko rw'abateze amatwi Mini-serique ya Jane Austin "hamwe na Jamaima Rupper na Elliot Kowan stand.
• Muri uwo mwaka, Jeremy Divring "Urukundo Kunanirwa Jane Austin" hasohotse.

Bibliografiya

• "Urukundo n'ubucuti" (1790);
• "Amateka y'Ubwongereza" (1791);
• "Bashiki bacu batatu" (1792);
• "Kumva no kwiyumvisha" cyangwa "ubwenge n'ibyiyumvo" (1811);
• "Ubwibone n'urwikekwe" (1813);
• "Parike ya Mansfield" (1814);
• Emma (1815);
• "Impaka zimpamvu" (1817);
• "Amajyaruguru ya Gamber" (1818).
• "Cassandra nziza";
• "Umukecuru Susan";
• Watsons;
• "Sandton";
• "Igihome cya Leslie"