Ubuzima
Ursula le guin numunditsi uzwi cyane wumunyamerika wakundaga abafana b'ibihimbano. Birashobora kuvugwa ko Urla ari udushya muriyi njyana, kubera ko imirimo yayo ifatwa nkisi yimpimbano hamwe nibibazo bikaze.
Ursula Kreter Le Guin yavutse ku ya 21 Ukwakira 1929 mu mujyi wa Ercique w'ikigo cya Berkeley, ari ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa San Francisco Bay (Californiya, Amerika). Umwanditsi yagize amahirwe yo kuvuka, kubera ko Berkeley afatwa nk'umwe mu mijyi yonyine yo muri Amerika.
Byongeye kandi, igihombo giturutse ku mbacyuho ikomeye, cyatangiye mu 1929, nticyagize ingaruka ku baturage bo muri uyu mujyi kubera imiterere y'uburezi bwateye imbere. Muri kaminuza no mu mujyi wa kaminuza mu mujyi, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryagaragaye. Ursula yakuze akurwa mu muryango munini wa Alfred Luis Krerekh n'uwo mwashakanye Theodora Krereter. Umwanditsi afite abavandimwe batatu bahurizanye kuva mushyingiranwa ryababyeyi na papa: Clifton, Feodor na Karl.
Se w'Abagororwa, wavukiye mu muryango w'abimukira b'Abadage, akora n'umuhanga mu by'amateka kandi yiga ubuzima bw'Abahinde, mu mwanya wa Porofeseri wo mu nzego n'umuyobozi w'ingoro z'umuganga umwe wibanda kuri kaminuza ya Californiya. Alfred Louis yari umuhanga wamenyekanye kandi yitabira ubucukuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo, yagira ingaruka ku nkuru, kandi ingingo na hamwe n'ibitekerezo bya filozofiya byari bifite intsinzi idasanzwe. Byageze aho abo mu gihe cya Alfred basa nkaho bimwigana, batangira guhiga ubwanwa no kwandura ubwanwa, no mu buzima bwe, umuntu wabonye umuntu wabonye izina rya antropologique y'Abanyamerika.
Nyina wa Urla yari umwanditsi, uzwi mu ruziga rufunganye, wabaye umwanditsi wa Ishiografiya - icya nyuma ku isi y'ururimi rwa Yana. Ibihimbano bizaza byakuze muburyo bwubwenge: Theodore na Alfred baganiriye ku bitabo, siyanse n'amakuru ku isi igihe cya mu gitondo. Ursula yemeye kumva ibi biganiro bishimishije byabantu bakuru. Nkuko byari byitezwe, Le Guin yari yarabaswe no gusoma no ku buvange kuva akiri muto, kuri 7 yari amaze gukora ibisigo. Igihe umukobwa ufite impano yari afite imyaka 9, yanditse inkuru ya mbere yo gukina.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Urla yabaye umwanditsi winkuru yubumenyi ya siyansi yoherejwe kuri "ibihimbano bya siyanse". Nubwo umwanditsi yanze gutangaza akazi ku mpapuro z'ikinyamakuru, umwanditsi ukiri muto ntabwo yagabanije amaboko akomeza kwishora mubikorwa ukunda. Le Guin yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Berkeley kavukire. Umukobwa Corpel hejuru y'ibitabo kuri biologiya kandi yiga imivugo, ariko mu mibare, umunyeshuri yari afite Troika ashikamye: Yahawe ubukana bwa algebraic.
Umaze kwakira icyemezo cyo gukura, Urla yakomeje amasomo ye, ahiganwa mu bitabo bya Romanesque. Guhitamo kwe kwaguye kuri Radcliff College ya kaminuza ya Harvard. Umwanditsi w'impamyabumenyi ya Master yakiriye muri kaminuza ya Columbiya.
Ubuvanganzo
Nubwo Ursula yanditse inkuru nyinshi zabana, ibisasu bifite ibisigo hamwe nibyanditswe bikomeye, abasomyi bari bamenyereye kubona Le Guin nkuko Umwanditsi wibitabo bya siyansi, ariko umugore ubwe yiyita agatabo. Ibitabo bye biratandukanye n'imirimo ya Tolkien cyangwa Martin, kuko Ursula nta mbabazi yamenyereye akazi ke na antropologiya n'ibibazo by'imibereho.
Mu isi y'impimbano, umwanditsi yujuje ibintu nyabyo: Le Guein wa filozofiya yerekeye imikoranire y'imikorere, Xenophobia, Feminism, Uburinganire, Uburinganire nandi masosiyete ya Sosiyete. Kubwibyo, akazi ke bigoye bihuye murwego rwibitekerezo bigezweho bijyanye na siyanse. Le Guein hafi yibanze ku nkomoko yumuntu kandi isobanura ibisobanuro birambuye byubuzima bwimpimbano.
Birakwiye kandi kubona ko uburyo bwo kwandika bwa Ursula bukaze kandi burumvikana. Umwanditsi ntabwo arenze ku mirimo kubera imvugo ngereranyo ikabije cyangwa ibyifuzo byayo kandi ntibivuga urudodo rwakubiswe y'urugamba rw'intambara rw'icyiza n'ikibi. Ariko ku mpapuro z'ibitabo bye, ibitekerezo byimbitse bikurikiranwa, kuko le Guin ikomeje guteka kwicyubahiro. Umucunguzi w'Abaroma U Urla "Umubumbe Romannon" wasohotse mu 1966. Inkuru yo hambere yumwanditsi "Urunigi Semam" (1964) yabaye prologue muriyi mirimo.
Iki gitabo, kivuga ku isanzure ry'ikirere cy'ikoranabuhanga, kitangiza abasomyi abantu batangaje nibintu bidasanzwe: Amateur udasanzwe amenye ku ngaruka ya Justiviteri, kandi akajyana mu rugendo hamwe n'intwari nyamukuru ku mwanya utagira iherezo.
Le Guin yakundaga cyane asobanura neza amakuru make y'akazi, nk'urugero, umwanditsi yazanye ancuva - igikoresho kidasanzwe cyemeza ko ari bong ako kanya hagati y'ibintu biherereye ku rugendo rw'ikirere. Na none, iki kikoresho cyibitangaza gikoreshwa mumateka "ijambo ryishyamba nisi umwe" (1972).
Mu 1968, Ursu ati: "Ubutaka bwa Magnish", burimo ibitabo bitandatu: "Umupfumu w'isi Marine", "imva ya Atuana", "ku zindi muyaga "Kandi gukusanya inkuru z'igihugu cy'ubutaka". Umwanditsi yahimbwe n'umwanditsi ni archipelago, igabanijwemo ibirwa bito bituwe n'abantu, ibiremwa bitangaje, ibiyoka, kar, abarozi n'abanyamboga n'abanyagoryi n'Abanyezura. Muri iyi isanzure, ubumaji buba ibintu ndengakamere, ariko igice gisanzwe cyubuzima.
Mu 2004, Umuyobozi uzwi Robert Linebman yakuyeho filime ishingiye kuri cycle le guin "umupfumu w'isi Marine", Chris Gautiferi, Jennifer, Jennifer, Jennifer, andi mashini. Abakunzi b'umwanditsi ntibanditseho umurimo wa Linebeman: ku bijyanye no guhuza ibitabo 6 mu gihe cy'iminota 170 ntibishoboka.
Mu 1969, UrsuLUE Le Guin ashimisha abafana by'Abaroma "ukuboko kw'ibumoso k'umwijima". Muri uyu murimo, umwanditsi yibanze ku gusobanura ubwoko bw'abatuye isi mu gihe cy'itumba: bagaragariza ibimenyetso bya Dikorogami, ndetse no kuri Urla bavuga ku mibonano mpuzabitsina barera imibonano mpuzabitsina barera imibonano mpuzabitsina barera abana. Ariko iyi ntabwo arinkuru yerekeye ubwoko bwibihimbano, ahubwo ni umugani uteye ubwoba ufite ihuriro ridateganijwe.
Mu 1973, Le Guin aha aduhimbano twa psychomif-wa mugani witwa "gusiga Omelace". Iyi nkuru itera ibibazo byingenzi bya filozofical: Kurugero, niba abantu batajugunywe munzu bashoboye kubaho mumuryango umwe hamwe nabaturage bishimye bagora cyane nigihe cya "Scapegoats".
Birashimishije kubona ko Ferisor Dorusksks muri Bavandimwe "bavandimwe Karamazov" bakoze kuri iyi ngingo. Uyu murimo usula ukwiye kwakira igihembo cya Hugo kumateka meza (1974). Muri Norsenal Le Guin hari ibihembo bizwi cyane byubuvanganzo "," bikubiyemo "nibindi byinshi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe n'umugabo uzaza, Charles Le Guin Urla yateraniye mu Bufaransa, aho yagiye muri gahunda ya Fulbright. Umwanditsi ukundwa ni Umunyamerika Inkomoko yubufaransa, umwarimu wamateka. Mu 1953, Ursula na Charles bambushije umubano wo gushyingirwa kandi kuva icyo gihe bamaze imyaka myinshi bafite mu ntoki, bakomeza. Birazwi ko abashakanye b'abana batatu (Elizabeth na Caroline n'abakobwa ba Caroline, kimwe n'Umwana wa Theodor), abuzukuru), abuzukuru bane, inyamanswa n'inshuti nyinshi zizerwa.
Ursula ntabwo yakunze kuvuga amakuru yubuzima bwe bwite. Izwi gusa nabanyamakuru ko kubaho kwayo gutuza kandi kimwe. Mu myaka yashize, umwanditsi yemeye ko, atagikorana n'umugabo we, ariko babaho mu mahoro kandi basome kuri Toltoy, muri Turvanev imvura ya Ratin. Ku rutonde rw'ukuntu UGursure Ursuula, abanyambaraga zemewe n'ibitabo bya Bulgakov, Zamyatin na Goncharov bashyizwe ku rutonde.
Byongeye kandi, ibitabo byo mu kaga k'urwanditswe ntabwo byari bifite ibyo byihariye: Umugore atigeze yita izina ry'umwanditsi ukundwa kandi akekwa ku kibazo cyo gukora imirimo myiza atari yo, kubera ko isiganwa no kurwana na Shampiyona idakwiye. Nanone, abo bashakanye le Guin muri nimugoroba bareba firime kandi rimwe na rimwe bajya ahantu hatuwe kandi bakajya ahantu h'iburasirazuba - amajyepfo y'iburasirazuba kuba wenyine.
Urupfu
Muri 2017, Ursule le Guin yihinduye afite imyaka 87. Imirimo iheruka yanditswe mu 2008 - iyi niyo nkuru ya "Lavinia".Umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 22 Mutarama 2018 mu rugo rwe muri Portland. Nk'uko umuhungu wa Theodore avuga ko amezi aheruka ubuzima bwe bwa UrsuU ntagereranywa.
Bibliografiya
- "Umubumbe Rockannon" (1966);
- "Urunigi rwa Semlie" (1964);
- "Umupfumu w'isi" (1968);
- "Ibumoso bw'umwijima" (1969);
- "Imva ya Atuana" (1970);
- "Ku nkombe yanyuma" (1972);
- "Ijambo ku ishyamba n'isi imwe" (1972);
- "Gusohoka muri Omeralace" (1973);
- "Tekhan" (1990);
- "Ku rundi ruzi" (2001);
- "Umugani w'isi" (2001, icyegeranyo);
- "Isabukuru y'isi" (2002);
- "Gucumura" (2003);
- "Dar Dar" (2004);
- "Lavinia" (2008).