Ubuzima
Urupfu rwa Khan ukomeye rw'Ingoma ya Mongoliya rwa Ronghis Khan nticyarangije intambara zakozwe na Horde ya zahabu. Umwuzukuru w'umuryango w'abamihanga yakomeje umuco wa sekuru uzwi cyane kandi ategura ubukangurambaga buhebuje bwa Horde ya zahabu mu mateka yise ubuhamya bukomeye bwo mu Burengerazuba. Igitero cya Nturius cyagutse ingoma ya Genghis Khan ku mipaka idasanzwe.
Muri imwe mu nyandiko zabigenewe mu gihe cya Batya, hari umurongo:
"Yinjiye mu majyaruguru y'ibishanga binini afite ingabo nyinshi i Burayi maze atsindira umujyi wa Kiev, yasenye inkingi, yamennye inkingi, yamennye inkingi, yamennye inkingi, yihutiye kujya muri Hongiriya kandi byatumye ubwoba kandi isi yose ya gikristo irashimishije. "Ubukangurambaga bwa Runer bwa Batya mu Burusiya hamwe n'urushinge rw'imyaka 250 rukurikira rwa Tatar-Mongoliya rwasize ikimenyetso kidashoboka mu mateka ya Leta.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nta gihe cyo kuvuka kwa Batya. Mu nyandiko z'amateka, umwaka utandukanye werekanwe. BATU, umuhungu wa Juci, yavutse mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XIII. Se wa Batya ni imfura ya Gengashyaka Khan, warazwe n'ibihugu byose ari iburengerazuba bw'uruzi rwa ITTYSH. Nanone, Juchi yakiriye itaratsinda ubutaka: Uburayi, Uburusiya, Khorezm na Volzh Buligariya. Genghis Khan yategetse umuhungu kwagura imipaka ya Ulus (Ingoma) mu gutsinda Ubutaka bw'Uburusiya n'Uburayi.
Juci ntabwo yakundaga bene wabo. Ubuzima So Baniya yabagaga yiherereye, ku butaka bwe. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Juchi, hamwe n'ibihe bidafite ishingiro mu 1227, ingabo mu burengerazuba bwa Irtysh zitwa Bariya samurariya. Genghis Khan yemeje guhitamo umuragwa. Imbaraga muri Bati zigabanyijemo n'abavandimwe: Inzego nyinshi n'iburasirazuba bwa Leta zagiye kuri Oronan, naho batiba batibanye na barumuna babo.
Gutembera
Ubuzima bwa Khan Bat - Amateka yubuzima bwumurwanyi ukomeye. Mu 1235, uruzi rwa Onon Kurlday (Njyanama y'intungamubiri) yahisemo gukomeza ubukangurambaga mu burengerazuba. Kugerageza kwambere kugera kuri Kiev byakozwe n'ingabo za Genghis Khan muri 1221. Uwahohotewe gutsindwa mu 1224 uhereye kuri Volga-KALGARIA-KA MURI BLANDAIYA NUMURYANGO W'INGENZI YISUMBUYE), Ingabo za Chingi Khan zahagaritse kuzamurwa mu ntera. Ubukangurambaga bushya bwahawe abuzukuru ba Genghis Khan Khan Batu. Ukuboko kw'iburyo kwa batiyo yagenewe Subeadi-imizigo. Judeey yagiye gutembera bose hamwe na Genghis Khan, yagize uruhare mu ntambara yatsinze hamwe n'ingabo za Polovtsy n'ingabo z'Uburusiya ku ruzi rwa Kalka (akarere ka Donetsk, Ukraine).
Mu 1236, Bati yerekeje ingabo mubukangurambaga Bwiza. Ibihugu bya Polovtsy byabaye ubwambere kwigarurira HORDe ya zahabu. Volga Buligariya yagiye mu Bwami bwa Mongoliya. Mu Burusiya hari ibitero byinshi mu Burusiya. Ku giti cye yatumye abantu bayoborwaga na Ryazan Ubutaka bwa Ryazan na Vladimir mu 1238, muri 1240 - Kiev. Yatsinze Ikibuga cya Elga, yakubiswe n'ingabo yagiye muri polovtsy kuri Don. Ingabo zanyuma za Polovtsy zavunitse na Mongoliya muri 1237. Nyuma yo gusohora polovtsy, Tatar-Mongoliya Batya yimukiye muri Ryazan. Umujyi waguye ku munsi wa gatandatu w'igitero.
Inkuru ya kera yikirusiya "ku matongo ya Batty ya Ryazan" yabitswe kugeza na n'ubu, yanditswe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya XVI. Mu rutonde rwa kera, igitero cya Tatar-Mongol kuri Ryazan mu 1237 kiravugwa. Khan Bati hamwe na Horde babaye ku ruzi Voronezh munsi ya Ryazan. Prince Yuri Igorevich yoherejwe kubufasha bwa Prince Vladimir Jeorgir Jeworujiya Vsevolodovich. Muri icyo gihe, Yuri yagerageje kwikuramo Batya afite impano. Khan yambuye ubwiza, abaho birenze inkuta za Ryazan, asaba kohereza snooch yo gushushanya ibikomangoma. Umugabo wa Euphraxia yarananiwe arapfa. Umugore yiyahuye asimbukira hamwe na corche. Kunanirwa byakozwe nk'ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza urugamba. Ingaruka z'intambara nicyo cyafashwe n'amatongo ya Ryazan na Tatars Batiya. Ingabo za Yuri zaravunitse, igikomangoma kirapfa.
Nk'uko umugani uvuga, voevod Ryazan Evpaty Kolovrat, usubira mu rugo ukomoka i Cherniov, yabonye umujyi wangiritse na tatars. Gukusanya interineti y'abantu 177, bagiye ikirenge cya Mongoliya. Amaze kwinjira mu ntambara zidasanzwe n'ingabo za Banika iyobowe na Suzdal, ikipe yavunitse. Barimo, batanga icyubahiro kuri coupper ya Kolovrat, bagaragarijwe mu ntambara zidasanzwe, bahaye umurambo wa Kogarugori wabiciwe wakomeje kuba Ikirusiya n'amagambo: "Yoo, Eh, Eh, Evpaty! Niba unkorera, nagufata ku mutima! ". Izina rya Guverineri Ryazan ryanditswe mu mateka y'Uburusiya iruhande rw'izindi, nta ntwari zidahwitse.
Ingabo za Bazan zimaze kurimbura Ryazan, zagiye muri Vladimir. Moscou na Kolomna, bahagaze kuri Khan, bari basenyutse. Osada Vladimir yatangiye mu gihe cy'itumba ryo mu 1238. Nyuma y'iminsi ine, Tatars yafashe umujyi urimo. Batty yategetse gutwika Vladimir. Abahatuye bakicishijwe hamwe na duke nini. Igorofa ya Vladimir, Horde yagabanijwemo kabiri. Igice kimwe cy'ingabo yagiye gufata Torzhoki, undi yagiye muri Novgorod, mu nzira yo kumena ingabo z'Uburusiya ku ruzi. Utiriwe ugera kuri Novgorod ibirometero 100, Baty yasubiye inyuma. Kunyura mu mujyi wa Kozelsk, horde yahuye no kurwanya intagondwa z'abaturage baho. Osada Kozelsk yamaze ibyumweru birindwi. Fata Umujyi, Tatars ntabwo yavuye ibuye n'ibuye.
Icyerekezo cyamajyepfo Bati cyafashwe muri 1239. Mu nzira igana ku ntego nyamukuru - Kiev - Khan yasenye igikomangoma cya Pereyaslav na Chernev. Kugota Kiev bimaze amezi atatu barangira intsinzi ya Khan Bat. Ingaruka z'igitero cya Tatar-Mongol ku Burusiya biteye ubwoba. Ubutaka bwaryamye mu mbaho. Imijyi myinshi ntiyabikoze. Abaturage bajyanywe mu bucakara muri Horde.
Kubera igitero cya Mongoliya cy'Abarusiya muri 1237-1248, ibikomangoma bya Gikuru byari byagombaga gukora politiki na data yaturutse ku mahame y'imishinga y'amategeko kuva mu Bwami bwa Mongoliya. Abarusiya bishyura iyo misoro buri mwaka. Khan Golden Horde yaburiye ibikomangoma mu Burusiya hamwe na Labels. Ingo Zahabu ya Horde y'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburusiya yakomeje imyaka ibiri nigice, kugeza 1480.
Muri 1240, yamenetse na horde ya Kiev yimuriwe muri Vladimir Prince yaroslav vsevolodovich. Mu myaka 1250, igikomangoma cyagiye uhagarariye Kurlday kuri Karakorum, aho yari avuzamo. Abahungu ba Yaroslav Andrei na Alexander Nevsky bakurikira se muri Horde ya zahabu. Andrei yakiriye igikomangoma cya Vladimir, na Alexander - Kiev na Novgorod. Kiev yafunguwe n'umuhanda wa zahabu wa Horde i Burayi. Mu kirenge cy'abariji, umukerarutso w'iburengerazuba wagabanyijemo ingabo ebyiri. Itsinda rimwe ryayobowe na Badar na Horde bagiye gutembera muri Polonye, Moraviya na Silesiya.
Undi, uyobowe na Batia, Kadanan na Subadem, batsindiye Hongiriya: Ku ya 11 Mata 1241, ingabo z'umwami Bela IV zavunitse ku rugamba ku rugamba ku rugamba ku rugamba rw'umugezi wa Shaoio. Ba intsinzi kuri Hongiriya, bati yafunguye inzira yo kwigarurira Buligariya, Seribiya, Bosiniya, Dalmatiya. Mu 1242, ingabo za Horde ya zahabu zinjiye mu Burayi bwo hagati bahagarara ku irembo ry'umujyi wa Maisse wa Saxon. Gutembera muburengerazuba birangiye. Igitero cya Rus cyakuruye cyane tatars. Baty yasubiye mu ngimbuzi.
Indi mpamvu yo kurangiza ubukangurambaga bukomeye ni urupfu rwa Khan Ugteyya, uzasimbura Genghis Khan. Kagan nshya yabaye Guuk, umwanzi umaze igihe kinini wa Batya. Nyuma yo kugera kuri Guuku batangiye intambara zivanze. Mu 1248, Great Han yagiye gutembera kurwanya Banya. Ariko, amaze kugera kuri Samarkand, Khan Goyuk, Royuk apfuye mu buryo butunguranye. Abahanga mu by'amateka, Khan yarozwe n'abashyigikiye Batya. Khan hakurikiraho muri 1251 yari umufasha wa Batya Munke.
Mu 1250, bahiswe bashinze umujyi wa Sayay-batu (ubu - umudugudu w'imidugudu ya selitny mu karere ka Khalalinsky wo mu karere ka Astrakhan). Dukurikije isubiramo ryaho, Saraj-be numujyi mwiza wuzuye abantu. Ikaramu n'umuhanda bikubise ibitekerezo by'abashyitsi b'umujyi. Nyuma, ku ngoma ya Khan Uzbek, umujyi wagabanutse kandi usenywa ku matafari yo kubaka imidugudu mishya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Khan Bati yari afite abagore 26. Umugore ukuze ni Boracchin-Hatun. Boracchin yabanje kuva mu bwoko bwa Tatar, nomadic mu burasirazuba bwa Mongoliya. Dukurikije amakuru ataremezwa, Boracki ni nyina wa nyina w'imfura wa Batya, Sartak. Usibye Sartak, harazwi abandi bahungu babiri ba Khan: Tukan na Abukane. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari iyi samuragwa to Batiya - murch.Urupfu
Baty yapfuye mu 1255. Nta makuru yukuri yerekeye ibitera urupfu rwa Khan. Hariho verisiyo y'urupfu kuva indwara z'uburozi cyangwa ku ya Rheumatic. Umurage wa Batya wari umuhungu w'imfura Sarkak. Sarsak yamenye urupfu rwa Data, aba ku gikari cya Muni-Khan muri Mongoliya. Gusubira mu rugo, umuraro yapfuye gitunguranye. Khan yabaye umuhungu w'abana bato Sartaki. Boracchin-Hatun yabaye umuntu wa Khan na guverineri wa Ulus. Bidatinze, ULa yarapfuye.
Boracchin yarwanyije ibyabaye ku butegetsi mu muhungu wa Juchiyani Juchi, umwuzukuru wa Genghis Khan Burke. Umugambi wagaragaye, kandi Borackin yiciwe. Burke numuyoboke wa politiki yumuvandimwe Batu mu kwagura ubwigenge bwa Ulus. Ni bwo Khan wa mbere yemeye Islamu. Mu kibaho, Ulus yungutse ubwigenge. Yemeje gutwika Horde ya zahabu hejuru ya Rus.
Kwibuka
Baty yasize kwibuka cyane mu Burusiya. Mu mateka ya kera, Khan yitwaga "mubi", "utubaha Imana." Muri imwe muri abo babitswe mu minsi iriho, urashobora gusoma:
"Umwami mubi Bati yafashe ubutaka bw'Uburusiya, amaraso yinzirakarengane, nk'amazi, cyane, kandi abakristo barahambiriye."Mu burasirazuba, Betu yizeraga Hanu. Muri Astana na Ulan bator, imihanda yitiriwe utu-khan. Izina rya Khan Bat riboneka mubuvanganzo na sinema. Umwanditsi Vasily yang yahinduwe ubuzima bw'umuyobozi ukomeye. Ibitabo by'umwanditsi "Geghis Khan", "Bati", "ku nyanja" ya nyuma "bizwi n'abasomyi. Ibyerekeye Bati bivugwa mubitabo bya Alexey Yugov na Ilyeas Esenberlin.
Filime y'Abasoviyeti yo mu 1987, yatangajwe na The Yaroslav Lupia "Daniel - Umuganwa w'igikomangoma" yayobowe na zahabu ya Horde na Khana Bayu. Mu mwaka wa 2012, ecran yo mu Burusiya yasohotse ifoto ya "ordanta" ya Andrei Piskina. Amashusho yemeye ibyabaye mu Burusiya no muri Horde ya zahabu mu kinyejana cya Xiii.