Ubuzima
Vera Maretskaya - Umukinnyi wa Umukinnyi watsinze imitima y'abakozi ba firime na theaterons. Filime hamwe no kwizera kwa Marezka biracyakomeza kuba abafana bafite ikimenyetso cyurukundo kubuhanzi, gukora cyane no kwizera mubuzima, biranga uyu mugore ufite impano.
Vera Petrovna yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Barvikha, uri mu karere ka Moscou, 31 Nyakanga 1906. Se w'uwo mukinnyi wa firasiyo, Peter Grigorievich, yakoraga muri Nikitin Circus Buffet.
Ukwizera guke hamwe n'abavandimwe na bashiki bacu babiri bakunze kuza muri sirusi gufasha Se. Umukobwa yakundaga kumara umwanya muri sirus: ubufasha bwasabwaga mugihe cyo kurengana gusa, igihe gisigaye kwizera kwari inyuma yinyuma, tureba ibitaramo. Ahari inzozi zibyabaye kandi amashusho ya firime yatuye mubugingo bwa Marezka muri kiriya gihe. Ariko, inzozi nkizo zarwanyaga igitekerezo cyababyeyi b'ukwizera igitekerezo cya Maretsky: abashaka gutanga kwizera na barumuna be na bashiki be ni inyigisho zikomeye.
Rero, twiyegurira igitutu cya se na nyina, Vera Petrovna yagiye gusuzuma muri kaminuza ya Moscou kubera ishami rya siyanse ya filozofiya. Ariko inzozi zumwuga w'agateganyo ntabwo zasize umutima we, kandi umukobwa yatanze inyandiko rwihishwa kugirango yinjire icyarimwe muri studio eshatu zikora. Kubitangaza bye, Maretskaya yihanganiye bihagije ibizamini byintangiriro icyarimwe muri bibiri kandi ahagarara ku ishuri rya studio yikinamirire ya Wahtang. Filozofiya y'ishami ntabwo yigeze ibona peteroli yizera mu rukuta rwe.
Film
Nkuko bikunze kubaho, inzira yumukimbyi ukiri muto kuri ecran yatangiye imiterere yinyoni. Mu 1924, Yuri Zavadsky, umukinnyi wa Theatre ya Wakhtangov, yashinze studio ye bwite. Vera Maretskaya, muri uwo mwaka arangije imikino yo mu icumbi, yemeje ubutumire bwa Zavadsky kuba umutari wa umushinga. Ibikorwa byo kwizera byo kwizera muri Maretskaya byatangiye hamwe ninshingano zigoye. Indyarya ikiri ntoya yashoboye gusobanura byoroshye gushushanya na Matridge ya kera na Porogaramu, uburambe bwubuzima.
Umukinnyi wa Kiliki watangiye kumenya, ashishikaye Ashuri atangira kuza kuri theatre "kwa Maretsky", kandi abafana bagerageje kubona ifoto yo kwizera mu masaku yabyo. Ariko, habaye intangiriro gusa. Bwa mbere Vera Petrovna yakinnye muri Sinema mu myaka 19, mu 1925. Yabonye uruhare runini muri firime "Umuhamagaro we", Drama Yakov Protazanova. Muri uwo mwaka, Protazanov yatumiye Maretsky Uruhare mu ishusho "igitaramo kuva Torzhka". Naive umukobwa wa Katya, yakinnye no kwizera Perrovna, yatsinze abumva hamwe nubworoherane bwe no gufungura. Kuva icyo gihe, ubutumire bw'umuyobozi burahoraho.
Umufuka wa firime wo Kwizera Maretskaya wazuwe buhoro buhoro: Mu myaka itatu, umukobwa yakoraga mu chrew ya firime "Nagize isoni zo kuvuga", "umurambo ubaho", "mu mujyi" Umuyobozi Boris Barneta. Uruhare rukurikira rwagiye mu kwizera kwa Maretque mu 1935.
Mu gishushanyo "urukundo n'urwango", bitwikiriye ibyabaye mu 1919, Vera Petrovna yakinnye umucungezi ukomeye kandi mwinshi, wategetse abagore kwinjira ku rugamba rwo kurwanya abarinzi b'abazungu. Muri iyi firime, ingingo yo gushiraho imbaraga z'umugore z'ubushake na kamere, Maretska yashoboye guhishura muburyo burambuye. Kuva icyo gihe, iyi mpamvu izakurikiranwa neza mumafilime yayo.
Nubwo ibintu mubyukuri mugihe cyubwenge busanzwe bwijambo ryahatiye ko bazase abayobozi bateraniye hamwe na poropagande y'Abakomunisiti, yabyutse "intwari zabo, yimura byimazeyo ibyiyumvo n'ibishusho by'abagore basanzwe b'ibyo Ibihe, hamwe nibyishimo byabo no mubabaro. By'umwihariko wakunzwe nabareba muri firime "Ibisekuru byabatsinze" n "umunyamuryango wa leta". Mugereranije nibisasu bya Maretskaya byakomeje gukora kuri theatre. Impano ye yari ihagije kubintu byose.
Mu 1942, umukinnyi wa filime yahawe igihembo cya Staliniste kubera uruhare runini mu kindi "Nadezhda Durov". Igihembo cya kabiri cya Staliniste cyahawe kwizera kwa perovna kubera uruhare rwa Praskovy Lukyanova muri firime "arinda igihugu cye." Usibye inshingano nyamukuru, Maretsky n'ibice byatanzwe, ariko, bibukwa n'abari bateraniye aho umukino ukorera muri Vera Petrovna - akaba umukinnyi wa firigo "ubukwe".
Ikinamico Mark Donskoy yitwa "Umwarimu wo mucyaro" yabaye Maretsky. Iyi filime nyuma y'intambara, ivuga ibyabaye mu mwigisha biyoroshya, ntabwo yasize abafana bakize badahuye cyangwa abanegura bakomeye.
Umukinnyi ubwawo uzibuka:
"Ubumuntu cyangwa ibisigo bidasanzwe na Maria Smirnova yatanze ibikoresho byiza, bwitonda, busanzwe bwo kwigomwa, gutererana ubuzima bw'ubuzima ku buzima bwa Noble, binini ubucuruzi. "Uru ruhare rwa Vera Petrovna narwo rwaranzwe nigihembo cya staliniste. Mubikorwa byaje, umukinnyi wa filime akwiye kubona uruhare runini muri firime "Mama", "guhamagara nijoro" n "" ubuzima bworoshye ". Izi nizo nshingano zanyuma za maretsk. Mu bihe biri imbere, Vera Petrovna yakoraga mu kinamico ya Mossovet, asiga ibyabaye ndetse no kurwara byica.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Byabaye rero ko ubuzima bwawe bwo kwizera bwakozwe na Maretsky buhujwe nakazi ke. Umugabo wa mbere wo kwizera Maretskaya Yuri Zavadsky yabaye umuyobozi wa mbere wa filime, umwarimu we uhoraho n'inkunga. Ubu bukwe bwatanze kwizera k'umuhungu wa Maretque Eugene.
Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka ine, umuryango wo guhanga watandukanye, ariko Vera Petrovna akomeje kuvugana n'urukundo rwe rwa mbere, abonye mu ngomisiyo n'inkunga ya Vasadi. Ukwizera kwa kabiri gukundwa kwa Petrovna byabaye umukinnyi wa Georgy Troitsky.
Muri gahunda yumwuga, umugabo ntiyamurikiye, ariko abana bizera muri Maretsk (muri ubu bukwe, babyaye umukobwa wabyaye umukobwa Maria) bahoraga bayoborwa. Kubwamahirwe, intambara yavugaga ubuzima bwUbutatu. Mu 1943 yarapfuye. Nyuma yibyo, Vera Petrovna ntagishaka.
Urupfu
Umukinnyi wa Kirama wabuze umutima we, yitanze rwose gukora. Nyuma yigihe gito, umugore yatangiye kubabara umutwe kenshi, ariko ntahutiye kuvugana nabaganga. Abolosabies, Maretsk, byamuhatiye kumuhatiye gukora ubushakashatsi. Isuzuma ryateye ubwoba: kanseri yo mu bwonko. Kwizera Petrovna yiyongereyeho amasomo ya chimiotherapie, mbere yo gukomeza gusohoka aho hantu. Abakinnyi ba filime ntibahagaze ku ya 17 Kanama 1978.
Impamvu y'urupfu rw'ukwizera mu baganga ba Maretsaykaya bazitwa kanseri, uwo umugore yarwaniye imyaka myinshi. Imva yo kwizera Maretskaya, iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy i Moscou, iracyari ahantu abafana b'abanyana bazana indabyo. Umukobwa wo Kwizera Maretskaya Maria Troitskaya yagiye mu kirenge cya nyina, abonye umuhamagaro, nka Vera Petrovna, nyamuneka abareba umukino muri cinema no kuri stage.
Filmography
- 1925 - "Cutter kuva Torzhka"
- 1927 - "Umuhamagaro we"
- 1928 - "Inzu kumuyoboro"
- 1929 - "Corpse y'abarambo"
- 1935 - "Urukundo n'inzangano"
- 1936 - Zori Paris
- 1939 - "Umunyamuryango wa Guverinoma"
- 1941 - "Ubucuruzi bwa Ariton"
- 1943 - "Arinda Umunyamerika"
- 1944 - "Ubukwe"
- 1947 - "Umwarimu wo mucyaro"
- 1955 - "Mama"
- 1956 - Polyshko-umurima
- 1964 - "Ubuzima bworoshye"
- 1969 - "Hamagara nijoro"