Ubuzima
Gitoya mwisi yabantu batamenyereye izina ryumwanditsi Ukomeye Gansa Christian Assensen. Ku mirimo y'uyu mutware w'ikaramu, imirimo yacyo ihindurwa mu ndimi 150 z'isi, nta gisekuru kimwe cyakuze. Hafi ya buri rugo, ababyeyi basoma abana mbere yo kuryama, umugani werekeye umwamikazi uri ku mashaza, wariye kandi imbeba ntoya yagerageje kurongora umuturanyi. Cyangwa abana bareba firime n'amakarito kuri mermaid cyangwa kubyerekeye umukobwa wa Gerde warose ko yakura Kai mumaboko akonje afite umwamikazi wuzuye.
Isi yasobanuwe na Andersen iratangaje kandi nziza. Ariko hamwe nubumaji no kuguruka ibitekerezo mumugani we mwiza hari igitekerezo cya filozofiya, kuko umwanditsi yeguriwe abana ndetse nabakuze. Abanegura benshi bahurira mubyukuri ko munsi yimigenzo yoroshye kandi yoroshye yo kuvuga, Andersen nta busobanuro bwimbitse, umurimo we ugomba guha abasomyi ibiryo bikenewe byo gutekereza.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Hans Andersen (Imyandikire yemewe yo kuvuga ikirusiya izaba ikwiye kuruta guteka kwa gikristo) yavutse ku ya 2 Mata 1805 mu mujyi wa gatatu munini wa Danimarike - Odense. Bamwe mu birwasi basabye Isanduku Nersen - umuhungu utemewe k'Umwami wa Danemarke umwami wa Gikristo wa Gikristo VIII, ariko mubyukuri umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yiyongera kandi akurira mumuryango ukennye. Se wari witwaga Hans, yakoranye n'umushotsi kandi agabanuka cyane impera, naho nyina Anna Marie AndersDartter akora kumesa kandi yari umugore muto.
Umutware w'umuryango yizeraga ko pedigree ye yatangiriye ku ngoma ya kinyago: nyirakuru ku murongo wa ba nyina wabwiye abuzukuru ku buryo umuryango wabo w'imibereho, ariko aya masoko ntiyabonye ibyemezo kandi akabazwa igihe. Kubijyanye na bene wabo ba Andersen byinshi ibihuha bikomeje kwinezeza abasomyi. Kurugero, bavuga ko sekuru w'umwanditsi ari umukira w'agamwuga - mu mujyi bafatwaga abasazi, kuko yakoze imibare idahwitse y'abasaza bafite amababa, asa n'abamarayika.
Hans-Nekuru yerekanye umwana ufite ibitabo. Yasomye urubyaro "1001 nijoro" - Imigani gakondo y'Abarabu. Kubwibyo, buri mugoroba, hans nto yinjije mumateka yubumaji ya shahryzada. Nanone, Se hamwe n'umuhungu we asenga gufata ingendo muri parike muri odense ndetse banasura ikinamico, cyatangaje umuhungu. Mu 1816, se w'umwanditsi yarapfuye.
Isi nyayo yari iyo hans n'ikizamini gikaze, yakuze umwana w'amarangamutima, ufite ubwoba n'ubwumvikane. Muri iyo mitekerereze, Andersen yagombaga gushinja ikigo cyaho, abwira Tumaki gusa, na mwarimu, kuko mu bihe bikomeye byo guhanwa, Rogues yari umushinga usanzwe, bityo umwanditsi usanzwe afatwa nk'iyicarubozo ridashobora kunaniza.
Igihe Andersen yanze kwitabira amasomo, ababyeyi bagaragaje umusore mu ishuri rifasha abana bakennye. Hans yabaye umunyeshuri w'ibanze, Hans abaye umunyeshuri w'inyigisho, hanyuma akemurwa mu mudoko, nyuma akorera ku ruganda rw'itabi.
Umubano na bagenzi bawe mu mahugurwa ya Andersen, kubishyira mu gatonga, ntibyakomeje. Yahoraga afite isoni n'ikigo gikomeye ndetse no gusetsa kw'abakozi, kandi rimwe na rimwe munsi ya Gogot muri Hans yahambiriye ipantaro kugira ngo yemeze neza ko umuhungu ari cyangwa umukobwa. Kandi byose kuko mu bwana umwanditsi yari afite ijwi rito kandi akenshi baririmba mugihe cyo guhinduka. Ibi birori byatumye umwanditsi uzaza amaherezo yinjiyemo ibyumviro byanjye. Inshuti zonyine k'umusore zari ibipupe y'ibiti, zimaze gukorwa na Se.
Igihe Hansa yari afite imyaka 14, ashakisha ubuzima bwiza, yimukira i Copenhagen, icyo gihe cyafatwagaho "Scandinaviya." Anna Marie yatekereje ko Andersen azajya ku murwa mukuru wa Danemark igihe gito, nuko yarekuye umuhungu ukindwa n'umutima wo mucyo. Hans yavuye kwa se, kuko yarose kuba icyamamare, yashakaga kumenya ubukorikori bwo gukora no gukina icyiciro cya theatre mu buryo bwa kera. Birakwiye ko kuvuga ko hans yari umusore ufite izuru rirerire n'amaguru, aho yakiriye amazina yizina rya "stork" na "lamppost".
Nanone, Andersen yashimwe nk'umwanditsi w'umwanditsi, kuko mu nzu y'umuhungu hari ikinamico igikinisho hamwe na ROG "." Umusore w'umunyamwete afite isura isekeje yateje igitekerezo cyo guhagarika umutima, cyajyanywe ku mucungamu wa cyami ku bw'impuhwe, atari ukubera ko soprano yari afite rwose. Ku cyiciro cya Theatre Hansa yakoze inshingano za kabiri. Ariko bidatinze ijwi rye ritangira gucika, bityo abatera isoni bafatwaga naho Andersen mbere y'umusizi wose, bagiriye inama umusore kwibanda ku bitabo.
Jonas Collin, umunyapolitiki wo muri Danemar werekeje imari ku ngoma ya Frederick VI, yakunzwe cyane n'umusore kandi yemeza ko umwami yishyura umwami ukiri muto.
Andersen yize mumashuri akomeye ya Slagels na Elsinor (aho yari yicaye ku meza hamwe n'abanyeshuri, abato mu myaka 6) bitwaje igituba, nubwo atari umunyeshuri wishimye: Hans ntabwo yatsinze impamyabumenyi n'ubuzima bwe bwose yakoze amakosa menshi yimyandikire kandi yo kuruhuka mu ibaruwa. Nyuma, umwanditsi w'inkuru yibukije ko imyaka yabanyeshuri yamusakuye mu nzozi z'inzozi za nijoro, kubera ko umuyobozi yahoraga anenga umusore muri fluff n'umukungugu, kandi nk'uko ubizi, kandi nk'uko mubizi, Andersen ntiyabikunze.
Ubuvanganzo
Mugihe cyubuzima bwa Hans Abakristo, Andersen yanditse ibisigo, inkuru, ibitabo na ballads. Ariko kubasomyi bose, izina rye rifitanye isano cyane cyane numugani mwiza - muri serivise yikaramu 156. Icyakora, hans ntabwo yakunze igihe yitwaga umwanditsi w'abana, maze avuga ko yanditse kubahungu n'abakobwa n'abakuru. Byageze ku bavuga ko Andersen yategetse ko nta mwana n'umwe wari uhari, nubwo mu ntangiriro urwibutso rwagombaga kuzenguruka abana.
Hans yabonye ko amenyekana n'icyubahiro mu 1829, igihe yasohoza inkuru y'invi "Hesy avuye mu isabune Holman yerekeza mu burasirazuba bwa Amagra". Kuva icyo gihe, umwanditsi ukiri muto ntabwo yimukiye mu ibaba na Inkwell kandi yanditseho ubuvanganye kandi yanditseho ubuvanganye mu kindi, harimo n'abahimba imigani ye, itangiza gahunda yo kunyura mu nzego nyinshi. Nibyo, ibitabo, ibitabo n'amazi y'amazi byahawe umwanditsi wa gato - mugihe cyo kwandika nkaho cyitwa ibibazo byo guhanga.
Andersen yashushanyijeho guhumekwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kubireba, ibintu byose ni byiza kuriyi si: kandi indabyo, na bug nto, hamwe nigiceri gifite imitwe. Mubyukuri, niba utwitse ibikorwa by'Umuremyi, ndetse buri mubiri cyangwa umugenzacyaha ufite biografiya. Hafi ya Hans kandi yerekeye impamvu za EPOS, Murakoze ku rwego rwanditse ).
Andersen yashimye gukora imisoro abacuruzi bashakisha umwanya muri societe. Ibi birashobora guterwa na thubnail, na mermaid, nigituba kibi. Intwari nkiyi itera impuhwe Umwanditsi. Inkuru zose za Andersen kuva ku bukorikori ku busobanuro bwa filozofiya. Birakwiye kwibuka umugani "imyambarire mishya yumwami", aho umwami abaza abantu babiri batsinze kumutesha imyenda ihenze. Ariko, imyambarire yaje kugorana kandi yari igizwe rwose kuva "insanganyamatsiko zitagaragara". Zhuliki yijeje umukiriya ko abapfu gusa batabona imyenda yoroheje cyane. Rero, umwami agira ingaruka ku ngoro mu buryo butunguranye.
We n'urukiko rwe ntibubona imyambarire yakomeye, ariko batinya kwishyira abapfu, niba bemera ko umutegetsi yishyura ibyo nyina yabyaye. Uyu mugani ugirira nabi wasobanuwe nk'umugani, n'interuro "n'umwami nambaye ubusa!" yinjiye kurutonde rwimvugo ifite amababa. Birashimishije kubona ko imigani yose ya Andersen idaterwa n'amahirwe, atari mu nyandiko zose zandikishijwe intoki zanditseho "ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibihe, ukuzigama imico nyamukuru (urugero, igikomangoma gisomana Urubura rwuzuye urubura), nkaho muburyo bw'Imana bugaragara ahandi.
Hans dukunda abasomyi bakuze kubera kudashushanya isi ya Utopian, aho abantu bose babaho neza kandi bishimye, kandi nk'urugero, nta guhishurwa n'umutimanama, yohereje umusirikare w'impanuka yaka, yamagana umuntu wenyine. Mu 1840, shebuja w'ibaba yigerageza mu rubyaro rwagati kandi asohora "igitabo cyegeranijwe gifite amashusho adafite amashusho", mu 1849 yanditse "" abangamirane ". Nyuma yimyaka ine, igitabo "kibe cyangwa ngo kidasohoka, ariko kugerageza kwa Andersen kugirango biyegure nkuko nabi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwumukinnyi watsinzwe, ariko umwanditsi wa EMANTE Andersen ni amabanga yuzuye umwijima. Nukuvuga ko mubuzima bwose, umwanditsi ukomeye yagumye mubujiji ugereranije no kuba hafi ya abagore cyangwa abagabo. Ni igitekerezo cy'uko umwanditsi mukuru w'inkuru yari umubonano mpuzabitsina udasanzwe (nkuko bigaragara n'umurage wa epistolar), yanagizena umubano ukomeye n'inshuti ye Edward Colline, umubyinnyi wa Weimar hamwe n'umubyinnyi Harald. Nubwo hari abagore batatu mubuzima bwa Hans, ikibazo ntibyari gukorwa, tutibagiwe kurongora.
Umutware wa mbere wa Andersen yari mushiki wa Comrade ku ishuri rya Ribrore Wight. Ariko umusore udafata icyemezo ntiyigeze atinyuka kuvugana nikintu cye. Louise Collin - Umugeni ukurikira wumwanditsi - yahagaritse kurambagiza no kwirengagiza imirongo yaka yaka. Umukobwa w'imyaka 18 yahisemo Andersen umunyamategeko ukize.
Mu 1846, hans yakunze umuririmbyi wa opera ya operal of igitsina gore, kubera impeta, Soprano yita "soplovy solovy". Andersen Karaulil feminine inyuma yinkomoko kandi aha ubwiza bwimirongo nimpano nyinshi. Ariko umukobwa mwiza cyane ntabwo yihutiye gusubiza impuhwe z'uwo mwanditsi uhindagurika, akamugezaho nk'umuvandimwe. Igihe Andersen yamenyaga ko umuririmbyi yashakanye n'umunyacyubahiro w'Ubwongereza Otto GoldshIdt, Hansa yibira kwiheba. Ubukonje bwumutima wumugore bwabaye prototype yumwamikazi wurubura kuva izina rimwe ryumugani wumwanditsi.
Mu rukundo, Andersen ntabwo yari amahirwe. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bitangaje kuba inkuru yo kwita kumwe i Paris yasuye ibice bya lantens itukura. Nibyo, aho guhindagurika nijoro, hans yavuganye nabo, asangira nabo ubuzima bwe bubabaje hamwe nabo, gusangira nijoro. Igihe abanyamuryango umwe bamenyereye bamugaragaje ko asuye amazu rusange adafite intego, umwanditsi yaratunguwe akareba ababwira ingwate bigaragara.
Birazwi kandi ko Andersen yari umufana wizerwa wa Charles Dickens, abanditsi b'impaka bahuye n'inama y'ubuvanganzo, banyuzwe n'uburinganire muri salon. Nyuma y'iyi nama, hans yanditse muri poary:
Ati: "Twagiye muri Veranda, nishimiye kuganira na none umwanditsi muzima w'Ubwongereza, ibyo nkunda cyane."Nyuma yimyaka 10, umutego wongeye kubyutsa mu Bwongereza, haza umushyitsi utatumiwe mu nzu ya dickens ku byangiza umuryango we. Nyuma y'igihe, Charles yahagaritse kwandikirana na Andersen, kandi Dawi abikuye ku mutima ntiyigeze yumva impamvu amabaruwa ye yose akomeza kuba.
Urupfu
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1872, Andersen yaguye mu buriri, akubita hasi, kuko yakiriye ibikomere byinshi atigeze ashoboye gukira.
Nyuma, umwanditsi yavumbuye kanseri y'umwijima. Ku ya 4 Kanama 1875, Hans yarapfuye. Umwanditsi ukomeye yashyinguwe ku irimbi rya Copenhagen.
Bibliografiya
- 1829 - "Urugendo n'amaguru kuva Channel Holman ku kirwa cya Cape Islag"
- 1829 - "Urukundo kuri Tower Nikolava"
- 1834 - "Agneta n'amazi"
- 1835 - "INTEGO" (Uburusiya - Muri 1844)
- 1837 - "Gusa Abavuna"
- 1835-1837 - "Imigani, yabwiye abana"
- 1838 - "Umusirikare wa Tin urwanya"
- 1840 - "Igitabo gifite amashusho nta mashusho"
- 1843 - "Ijoro ryijoro"
- 1843 - "Duckling mbi"
- 1844 - "UMWAMI W'UMWANDA"
- 1845 - "Umukobwa ufite imikino"
- 1847 - "Igicucu"
- 1849 - "Amazi abiri"
- 1857 - "kuba cyangwa kutabaho"