Ubuzima
Mayakovsky mu gisigo yagize ati:"Kurya inanasi, umuriro, umunsi wawe wanyuma uza, Bourgeois."Igitekerezo cyiganje cyuburinganire na Proletatari ku mucyo cy'umwanya w'Abasoviyeti cyakozwe na Revolusiya ku bikorwa by'umurimo wa Leta uzwi cyane ku baturage b'Abadage - Friedrich Engels na Karl Marx. Reka inyigisho zabo kandi ni Utopian, nkuko bigaragazwa nurugero rubabaje rwa usss, ariko abo bantu basize amateka mumateka, filozofiya nubukungu.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Uwashinze Marxism yavutse imfura (abana 9 bakuze mu nzu) ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1820 mu mujyi wa Bartest, akaba muri iki gihe ari akarere k'ubuyobozi k'umujyi wa Wuppertal (Rhine-Westphalie, Ubudage). Umunyapolitiki uzaza yarerewe mu muryango wa Producer w'igisambano cy'impande z'ipamba, cyaturutse mu mujyi wa Bergish-gredish mu kinyejana cya 16, kandi gitandukanijwe n'ibitekerezo consernot.
Nyina wa Elizabeth Engels yigomekaho (HAAR) yasohotse mu bidukikije by'abahanga mu by'imihanga bubahwa, yari umuntu wumva utumva n'umugore, urumuri, rwize kandi impano. Ku muhungu we mukuru, Elizabeti yari afite ingaruka nziza bidasanzwe. Engels-Sr. Yari umwizera, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, yashishikarije Abanyaminiya, byavutse mu nyigisho z'ubu Lukeont. Abakirisinyi ntibashyigikiye imbwa yubahwa n'abaluteriyani, ariko bashishikariza kuganira n'Imana no kubaha Imana. Friedrich Jr., yakuze mu kirere cy'idini, yemeye kwatura abaporotesitanti yategetse mu nzu.
Ariko igihe Engrol amaze gukura, yatangiye kwanga kwizera mu buryo bwose kubaho kw'imana: Imyambarire ya Athetike yateye imbere buri mwaka. Byose byatangiye nyuma yuko umusore ahuye n'ibiremwa bya David Strauss - Acaltist n'umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya. Nyuma yo gusoma umurimo wingenzi "ubuzima bwa Yesu", ibyago byatangiye gushidikanya byerekana igitekerezo cyo kwizera. Mu bihe biri imbere, "impungenge" Friedrich ibaye igisitaza hagati ya Data n'Umwana.
Politiki yigiheza ifite umubano ususurutse na sogokuru yumurongo wa nyina Gerhard Bernhard, Vernhard Van, wagize akamaro uburezi, icyarimwe yari kumwanya wo murwego rwo hejuru ya Recking. Gerhard yatangije umwuzukuru hamwe nisi yaka kandi itandukanye yubuvanganzo, cyane cyane hamwe nikigereki cya kera. Umuhungu yari ashishikaye Homer, aho intwari Meneli yinjiye mu guhangana n'ukuboko kwe n'umutima wa Elena. Abakiri bato Friedrich bashimishijwe n'inkuru zerekeye intambara y'abanyamerika y'abakamyo, aho intwari z'Abakristo zagize uruhare, zaharanira ubuzima, ahubwo zagize ubuzima.
Engels yatangiye kwitabira ikigo rusange cy'uburezi muri Battrinder ye kavukire, aho cepepel hejuru y'ibitabo muri fiziki na chimisi, kandi byerekana ubushobozi bwe kumenya indimi. Nyuma, Friedrich yabaye umunyeshuri wa Gymnasium Elberfeld. Mu gatasi ko mu 1837, umusore yahatiwe kuva mu nteko y'ishuri adashimangira se, ushatse urubyaro ngo ajye ku kirenge cye kandi aboha ubuzima bwumuryango.
Friedrich yarose kubona amashuri ya kaminuza ya kaminuza, ariko ntiyashoboraga kutumvira ubushake bw'ababyeyi be, nuko atangira gukora muri Engels-sekuru, nta myumvire yo kwihangira imirimo. Niba umusore yari afite amahitamo hagati yubucuruzi no kwandika, noneho, birumvikana ko yatangaga guhitamo ibya nyuma. Friedrich Jr. Yarose Ibitabo n'imivugo, ahari Engels yahinduka Goether cyangwa Schiller, ariko ibyago byagize ibyo bihindura. Nubwo muri Angerth 1838, nyuma ya byose, yabaye umwanditsi wa ballas yitwa "Bedouins".
Muri Kanama 1838, Friedrich, nta guhagarika umutware wumuryango, yakomeje kwiga mu mukozi w'ubucuruzi mu mujyi wa bremen, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubudage. Nkumunyeshuri, engls yinjije amafaranga mato, akora nkibindi bihuye: Umusore yanditse inyandiko z'ubushotoranyi mu kinyamakuru cyo mu gitera cyinganda no mu kinyamakuru cyo mu gitondo cya Stuttgart na "Mu kinyamakuru Rusange" muri Oswald. Friedrich ntiyashakaga ko abasomyi bamenye ko yavuye mu muryango wa capitaliste.
Nta gihe cyo kwiga no gukora umwanya wa filozofeki wakoreshejwe n'inyungu: Yasomwe n'ibitabo bya kera, yagerageje kwitoza, ibisigo byanditse kandi byanditse inyandiko zikomeye. Byongeye kandi, Engel yari umufana wa siporo: yakoraga koga no kugendera ku mafarasi. Friedrich yatwarwaga n'imirimo y'uwashinze Amayobera y'Abakristo na Sofiyo ya Yakobo beme, ariko iyi kiyobyabwenge ntiyari igihe gito.
Byongeye kandi, amoko akunzwe na ENGLeLe na SCHLEIEMurmormathiver, wari umaze kuvuga kandi uhakana igitero cya Metafiyasi mu idini. Hanyuma Friedrich yatangiye kwiga inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yiganjemo filozofiya y'Abadage Jenoside, wagaragazaga mu bihe byashize, ndetse no ku idini, iburyo, amateka n'ubuhanzi.
Mu 1841, Engller yageze ku cyitange maze yerekeje gukorera ingabo i Berlin, aho yabaye uwatsinze ibitego muri brigade ya artillery. Frederick ntabwo yakoraga imirimo ya gisirikare gusa, ahubwo yitabiriye Kaminuza ya Kaminuza, aho yagiye mu nyigisho ari yo ndahire kose, kandi yinjiye muri iryo tsinda ry'ababikira basigaye bashimye imvugo ya George, ariko ntiyifatanije n'itsinda ry'aba Begolians bashimye imvugo ya George, ariko ntiyifatanije na Ezelians. Friedrich yari hagati ya zahabu hagati yibumoso n'iburyo, kuko yaburaniye hegel mubitero by'isasu.
Marxism
Engels na Marx ntacyo baziranye byabaye mu 1842. Abantu babiri b'ingorane bateraniye muri Cologne, mu biro by'ubutumwa bw'ikinyamakuru Rhine. Mu ikubitiro, Friedrich ntabwo yateje impuhwe Marx, kuko umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yatekerezaga ko ari ashingiye ku ntoki, uwo afite ibyo atumvikanaho. Byongeye kandi, umuhanda munini wakurikiranye Manchester, aho yiganye Azam wo mu muryango wa se. Mu mujyi munini wo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Marxisjo hazazahoye imyaka hafi ibiri. Mu bice byiza by'Ubwongereza, Engls yahuye n'ubuzima n'ubuzima bw'abantu basanzwe bakora, kandi ibyo byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isi yose.
Mu 1843, Friedrich yinjiye mu nzego z'impinduramatwara y'Abadage, abo yahuye na Londres. Muri icyo gihe, enterineti yakomeje gukora nk'umunyamakuru, yohereza umurimo we, aho impaka zo mu binyamakuru, harimo n'ibitabo byinshi by'Ubudage, byasohotse na Marx n'inshuti ye ya Ruga i Paris. Inzandiko zatangiye hagati ya bagenzi rizaza, umubano ususurutse kandi wuje urugwiro watangiye gukura, akenshi bahura kandi baganira kubitekerezo bimwe bya filozofiya.
Mu 1845, enterineti isubira mu gihugu cye kandi yemejwe no kwandika umurimo wa siyansi "umwanya w'ishuri ryakazi mu Bwongereza". Muri icyo gihe, kutumvikana kwa Friedrich na Se yatangiye. Engels-Sr. Rwose ntiyumva ibikorwa by'Umwana. Umucuruzi w'ukuboko kwagutse ntabwo yasangiye filozofiya y'ibitekerezo byo kurwanya Proletarim na Bourgeoisie, umuvandimwe we yari mwiza cyane. Frederick ntabwo yatangiye kwanga kwerekana idini byose, ahubwo yanatije ibibazo kuri polisi, byangiza izina ryimyenda nini.
Ikigaragara ni uko inshuti ya Karl Marx idatindiganyije kuvuga ibitekerezo bye no kuganira ku gikomungiriza mu ruhame. Kubwibyo, abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko yishyizeho iruhande rw'umusore. Ntabwo bitangaje kuba Marx yatangiye kugororoka, ariko, hamwe n'amategeko y'Ubufaransa. Ubwanyuma, umubare rusange wa leta wimukiye mu murwa mukuru wubusa ugereranije n'Ububiligi Buruseli. Hanyuma mu 1845, abo dukorana basubiye mu Bwongereza, aho mu myaka 2 bakiriye itike "imurikagurisha ry'ubumwe", umutwe w'ibumoso.
Nyuma yo kwemeza Marx na Engls mu nzego zabo, uru ruziga rw'uko inyungu zasimbuwe n'izina ryerekeye "Ubumwe bw'abakomunisiti". Nyuma, ishyirahamwe ryaravanyweho nyuma y'urubanza rw'abantu cumi n'umwe muri Cologne. Mu gihe cy'itumba, nyuma y'umwaka, abahanga mu bya filozofiya basubiye i Buruseli, aho babaye abashinze igikoresho ngendanwa cyitwa "Komite y'Abakomunisiti", yari igamije guhuza amaposita hagati y'abashyigikiye ubusoni bwabashyigikiye ubusosiyalisiti.
Kuva mu Gushyingo 1845, Abanyagihugu bato batangiye gukora ku mubumbe w'ibiri "ingengabitekerezo y'Abadage", byahindutse urufunguzo rwa Marx na Engls filozofiya. Ariko rero, abanditsi ntibashoboraga kubona umubwiriza, bityo igitabo cy'agaciro rero cyasohotse mu 1932 gusa i Moscow cyahinduwe na Demokarasi David Borisovich Ryazanov. Nubwo benshi bamenyereye kubona ko ari igicucu nigicucu cya kabiri cya Karl Marx, Friedrich yakoze umusanzu wingenzi mu gusobanukirwa amateka. Lenin ati:
"Ntibishoboka kumva neza Marxism kandi ntibishoboka ko bikabasaba, ntibizera inyandiko zose z'amoko."Marx na engles basangiye inyigisho rusange ya proleriat, kandi kandi bishimangira ko ari ngombwa gukora ishyaka rihanitse. Bikwiye gufatwa nkukuri aba babwenge bakomeye batagerwaho. Mu myaka yashize, Engels yabaye umurwanyi ukora neza ku burenganzira bwakazi, mu kazi kayo "Carwa" "wa mufilozofe yavuze ko isura nziza y'impyisi igaragara. Muri "Manifeste yo mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti", Enger na Marx babonaga impinduramatwara yo kurwanya anti-anti-anti-arwanya nk'inzira yonyine, ihumeka umupaka uhuza proleriat na Bourgeoisie.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Erederick Engels yari umunyabwenge wize cyane hamwe nubwenge bwa erudite. Umufilozofe yari afite indimi umunani: Yashoboraga kuvuga mu kirusiya, Igiporutugali, Irlande n'izindi ndimi. Impinduramatwara yakunze gutegura ibirori by'abagenzi ba Londres bafungiye ku cyumweru nimugoroba. Ibiterane bya gicuti byakunze kurangira mumasaha 2 cyangwa 3 nijoro.
Umunsi umwe, Jenny Kera (Umukobwa wa Karl Marx) Dala Friedrich yuzuza ikibazo - iki kibazo cabanjirizanti yari afite cyigeze kibaho mu bakobwa kwishuri. Engngeri yashubije ibibazo bibiri bisanzwe. Rero, ababinyabuzima bamenye ko umusosiyalisiti adakunda umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya Charles Scheden, ariko soma Shakespeare, Goethe na Tito. Mubantu, filozofiya yakunze imico yishimye, yangaga uburyarya nubwibone bwumukobwa wishyira hejuru. Bizwi kandi ko imiterere rusange yari iy'ibintu byose mubuzima byoroshye, ariko, nk'urupfu urwo arirwo rwose, yatinyaga abaganga b'amenyo. Usibye ibindi bintu, Engels Bederad Chateau Margo 1848 isuka, isupu yo muri irish yo kurya no guhiga ingunzu.
Naho kubwurukundo umubano, umutware wa Mariya na mushiki we Lizzy batwika Friedrich bahuye nka 1843. Engels ntabwo yakunze gukora ubuzima bwe kubaturage, kuburyo kubyerekeye iherezo ryamakuru akunda ni riteye ubwoba. Birazwi ko Mariya yari umukobwa w'isaha mu ruganda rwimyenda agatandukanya ibitekerezo by'isosiyali. Kandi, ku bihuha, Mariya ntabwo yaretse ibinyobwa bishyushye, nyuma icyifuzo cye cy'inzoga cyahindutse ubusinzi.
Bamwe mu bahanga bahurira ku kuba akamenyera ariyo ingeso mbi yo gupfa kwe bitunguranye. Mu 1863, amasaha make mbere y'urupfu rwa Mariya Friedrich, uwo bahanganye, yemerera umubano we na Miss Yashize. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we, ENGORY yatangiye umubano na mushiki we - Lidiya, umukenyezi muto, ariko ufite ubwenge wari uzwi nka Lizzy. Mu 1878, Lizzy yararwaye araguruka mu buriri. Umugore ntashobora gukira kandi bidatinze arapfa. Nubwo Englley yari umuhakanamana, yubahaga ibyiyumvo by'idini byo mu bakundwaga cyane, nuko yicana na we ku buriri bwe.
Urupfu
Ku ya 5 Kanama 1895, impinduramatwara nini yarapfuye. Impamvu y'urupfu ni kanseri ya Esofagus. Umurambo wa filozofiya utwikwa. Urn n'umukungugu wamanuwe mu nyanja ku nkombe za La Mansha.Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Marx na Engls, imihanda yitiriwe imigi imwe n'imwe yo mu Burusiya, hamwe n'inzibutso. Mu 1985, Banki ya Leta ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti yashyize ahagaragara igiceri cy'umusabiri cyerekana Friotrich.
Bibliografiya
- 1845 - "Umwanya w'icyiciro cyakazi mu Bwongereza"
- 1848 - "Ishyaka rya komunisiti"
- 1878 - "Anti-Dühring"
- 1883 - "Imvugo ya kamere"
- 1884 - "Inkomoko y'umuryango, umutungo bwite na Leta"
- 1886 - "Ludwig Feyerbach n'iherezo rya Filozofiya y'Abadage"