Ubuzima
Alexander Sokurov - Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, umukinnyi, Matcher of Sinema yo mu Burusiya n'umukozi wa Leta. Izina ryuyu muntu ufite impano mu cyemezo cy'ishuri rya firime yo mu Burayi rishyirwa kurutonde rw'umuyobozi mwiza wa sinema y'isi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alexandere Nikolaevich yavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 1951 mu karere ka Irkutsk, mu mudugudu muto wa Podorvikh. Ariko noneho iki gihingwa, aho igihugu cyari gikungahaye mu kirayi n'imboga, kitabonetse ku ikarita y'Uburusiya, kubera ko mu 1956 umudugudu na sitasiyo umaze kuzura ikigega cya Irkutsk.
Sokurov arakura arera mu muryango w'imbere. Papa Umuyobozi - Uwitabira intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, ninde wavuze ku rugamba n'amasasu ye. Bitewe nuko se wa Alexander Nikolaye yari yari umusirikare, umuryango wa Sokurov wakunze kwimurwa ahandi. Kubwibyo, Igishushanyo cya Sinema kizaza cyatangiye kumva impamyabumenyi muri Repubulika ya Polonye, kandi yakiriye icyemezo cyamashuri yisumbuye muri Turukimenisitani.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri, umusore yakomeje amashuri, mu 1968 yahisemo yaguye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Gorky, yari i Nizhny Novgorod. Sokurov abaye umunyeshuri w'ishami ry'amateka, kandi mu 1974 yakiriye impamyabumenyi. Ahari Alexander Nikolaevich yaba umwigisha ukomeye ubwira abanyeshuri ibya politiki ya Ivan ibibara bizima, ibibara byirabura muri Nicholas II bizima, ibijyanye na Sokurov nibindi bintu byinshi, ariko ibya sokurov nibindi bintu byahinduye.
Alexandre yahisemo guhuza ubuzima na firime, nuko mu 1975 yinjiye VGIK. Ngaho, umusore yatangiye kwitabira amahugurwa yo guhanga yubushakashatsi bwabayobozi hamwe na firime zizwi ziyobowe nubuyobozi bwa Alexander Mikhaiahich balleander Mikhaiach Zuridi, aho yahuriye ninshuti ye Yuri Abramov.
Sokurov yari umunyeshuri ushoboye, yishimiye cyane ababyeyi bafite batanu mu gitabo cy'inguzanyo, aho yahawe buruse ya Sergei eisenstein. Impano zidashidikanywaho kandi impagarara zafashije Alexander Nikolayevich kugirango atsinde ibizamini hanze kandi arangije kuva VGIK umwaka mbere yumwaka. Ariko kubwimpago nk'iyi, umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza ntiyagenze ku cyifuzo cye, ahubwo kubera amakimbirane akura ashingiye ku ngingo. Nanone, ejo hazaza h'imiterere ya sinius yashinjwaga amarangamutima yo kurwanya Sovieti.
Film
Mu ntangiriro, Alexander Nikolayevich yakoze ubuhanga bwo mu buhanga, gukuraho amashusho magufi. Igikorwa cya mbere cya Sokurov muri metero yuzuye harimo filime yitwa "ijwi ryabantu ryabantu", rishingiye kubikorwa bya Andrei Platouv. Yakuweho mu 1978, ubuyobozi bw'Ikigo ntibumviye kandi bushishikarizwa kurimbura. Ishusho yakijijwe na Operator Sergey Yizditsky, asimbuza filime kandi atora umwimerere, nyamara, yari ategereje undi mu myaka 9.Birashimishije kubona film, washakaga gukuraho, yabaye umutobe numudari muminsi mikuru ya firime. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko umurimo wambere wuzuye wa Alexander Sokurov yakiriye ibitekerezo byiza kuva muri Ginema yo mu Burusiya ya Andrei Tartovys, waje gushyigikira mugenzi wa Novice. Yizeraga ko Sokuurova yari afite ibintu bidasanzwe, bidasobanutse, ndetse n'ibicucu, bitumvikana, bidahuye. Ariko nubwo bimeze, witwa Umuyobozi w'Ubuhanga.
Ubukurikira, umusore yashakaga guhuza ubuzima na Mosfilm, ariko imikorere ye ntiyateguwe. Kubwibyo, guhitamo Sokurov byaguye kuri Lenfilm. Ku byerekeye Tarkovsky byanditswe mu 1980. Mu 1981, Alexandere Nikolaevich yabaye umuyobozi wa Requiem "Dmitry Shostovich. Alto Sonata, "ivuga ku muhanzi wa genius hamwe na peteroli ibabaje y'umuhanzi utaragira wenyine.
Mu 1986, abari bateranye "babonye kaseti ya Sokurov's Alla Osipenko, Irina Sokolova na Vladimir Zamansky mu nshingano nyinshi. Filime ni uguhuza amazu ya Bernard Shaw "aho imitima yacitse."
Alexander Nikolaevich yabaye umwanditsi wa firime ngufi "uwahohotewe nimugoroba", wakiriye igihembo mpuzamahanga gikora kuri MMKf ya 15 na parifu idasanzwe yo kwibuka Andrei Tarkovy. Ariko iyi filime nayo yagiye muri ecran yatinze imyaka itatu.
Ntabwo bitangaje kuba umurimo wa Alexandere Nikolayevich wagengwaga kunenga, kubera ko umurimo we watandukanijwe cyane n'ibyifuzo by'imiryango ya Goskino hamwe n'inzego za Leta: kugeza mu mpera za 1980 nta murimo wabaye mu nzu mperuka.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Tirkovsky yateguye ikiruhuko mu mahanga, ariko Sokurov yanze kuzamukanwa kwa Hollywood, kubera ko, Alexandere Nikolaevich yagumye ari umuto w'igituba, yubahwa n'Uburusiya, ubwenegihugu n'umuco. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, ibintu byarahindutse: Filime zitakiriwe ibicuruzwa byazungutswe zerekanwa ku bantu benshi kandi bagereranya Uburusiya ku minsi mikuru yose.
Filime ishingiye ku mirimo ya Arcadia na Boris Strugatsky "ECTIP STLUGATSKY" yinjiye kurutonde rwa firime 100 nziza mu mateka yose yo mu ngo ya cinema yo mu Burusiya.
Mu 1994, Alexander Nikolaevich yashyikirije rubanda "impapuro zicecetse", aho amashaperi ya Alexandere yakinnye na Sergey barkovy. Iyi kaseti yari gusobanura imirimo yuburusiya PADAAIKOVIKI XIX. Uyu mugambi wari ushingiye kuri Roma F. M. Dostoevsky "ubugizi bwa nabi n'igihano". Umuyobozi wa firime yagerageje gusubiramo ikirere, kibangazwa nigitabo cya Fyodor Mikhaigh.
Ikinyejana gishya cyatangiye kuba shebuja bafite impano ya firime yerekeye ubuzima no guhanga umwanditsi w'Ubuyapani Tosio. Birakwiye ko kuvuga ko iyi shusho yafata amajwi ukurikije gahunda ya tereviziyo yizuba riva.
"Moloki", yasohotse mu 1999, yabaye kaseti y'icyitwa "igiteranyo cy'imbaraga" - Urukurikirane rwa Sokurov rwerekeye abahagarariye neza ibidukikije by'igihe cyabo cy'akatara. Mu gice cya mbere, Adolf Hitler, agaragara mukadiri ya Leonid Mozekov, yabaye imico nyamukuru. Filime, yasohotse mu kidage, kugira ngo yiringirwe cyane mu gihe cya Hitler - Kelstinhaus.
Gukomeza ibiganiro mu 2000 byari ikinamico "Taurus". Uruhare nyamukuru kandi iki gihe cyagiye kuri Leonid Mozpoy - yakinnye Vladimir ilich lenin mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe. Ishusho yakiriye igihembo cya Nika mubibazo 7, harimo kubikorwa byiza byubuyobozi. Filime ikurikira y'uruhererekane yitwa "izuba" rya Sokur yeguriwe Umwami w'abayapani Hirohito.
Umushinga w'ubushakashatsi w'Umuyobozi ni igitabo kivuga ku mateka y'ingoro y'imbeho "Isanduku y'Uburusiya", yafashwe na kabiri inshuro imwe uburebure butaringaniye guhindura.
Muri 2009, Alexander Nikolaevich yashimishije abafana bo mu mico ye na filime documentaire "dusoma igitabo cyahagaritswe", muri OLO Antontova na Ivan Krasko.
Ikintu cyingenzi cyari gufungura amahugurwa ya Sokurov, ubanza muri Mininema na Televizi KBSU i Nalchik, hanyuma mu kigo cya St. Petersburg cya Sinema na televiziyo.
Ahumekewe n'umurimo Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, wakuyeho igice cya nyuma, cya metero 4 - ikinamico ya fantasy ". Iyi shusho yahawe amafaranga menshi akomeye, muri bo harimo "intare ya zahabu".
Alexander Nikolaevich yuzuza amashusho ya Francophony n'Ubufaransa, Ubudage na Filammography. Muri 2015, Databuja yabivuze mu iserukiramuco rya Venice hamwe na Catherine Mtsituridze. Muburyo bwa dinamike, kaseti ya Sokurov ubwe yavuze ninkuru.
Muri 2018, umuyobozi yabaye umunyamuryango wa filime inganda "inkuba yakubise ku giti kinini", yeguriwe isabukuru yimyaka 100 y'amavuko y'umwanditsi w'ikirusiya alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Umwanya rusange
Alexander Nikolaevich yamye atandukanijwe n'umwanya rusange, mu kiganiro, yeruye ko yibwira ko ari ubucuruzi bukunzwe n'ibitekerezo bye kuri politiki cyangwa Umuryango w'Abarusiya ndetse n'umuryango w'Abarusiya ndetse no mu Burusiya.
Ati: "Nizera ko uko ibintu byavuzwe mu Burusiya bishobora guhinduka kuva hejuru. Umunyamakuru wa Conkanka agira ati: Kandi byaba byiza dutangiye hejuru, niba umuntu ufite ikibazo cy'ubutabazi rwose, imyumvire y'abantu ibaye ku mukuru w'igihugu. "Byongeye kandi, Alexander Nikolaevich yavuze ku makimbirane na Ukraine: uko Ukraine harimo abantu b'indagero bafite uburenganzira bwo kuvuga leta itandukanye.
Muri 2018, Sokurov aba umwe mu bagize Inama Njyanama yayobowe na Perezida wa Federasiyo y'Uburusiya yo guteza imbere sosiyete sivile n'uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Umuyobozi, hamwe n'inyobo yakozwe na Vladimir Spivakov na Theodore Kurtanizi, umucuranzi Boris Grebenchikov n'abandi mico yo mu muco basabye ko inzibutso za Nagorno-wagara.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Alexander Sokurov isa nigitabo cya kashe ndwi. Bikekwa ko Umuyobozi akomeza kuba ingarara ifatika, kuri we umwuga wa firime ya mbere, aho kuba uwo bashakanye ndetse n'abana.Birazwi ko imbuto zabujijwe ziryoshye. Kubwibyo, umwanya wa soko wumuntu ugira isuku kubitangazamakuru. Ntabwo ari rimwe, amakuru yarashwe n'imitwe yemera ko abiba ari guhura rwihishwa n'abagore b'abandi bashinzwe n'abaguzi. Ariko ibi bihuha bya kanda umuhondo ntabwo byari byemewe.
Amafoto hamwe nabakobwa batangaje bagaragara mubitabo byemeza gusa ko ibyamamare biherekejwe mumutwe wabagore gusa - abo mukorana gusa.
Alexander Sokur Noneho
Noneho umuyobozi aracyatitaye kuri cinema hamwe nubushakashatsi butandukanye bwo guhanga muri kano karere.
Muri 2021, Mama wagaragaje isabukuru, Alexandere Nikolayevich yujuje imyaka 70. Kubijyanye n'itariki y'ingenzi, ibitabo byinshi byatanze ingingo zeguriwe umuyobozi, Yubile imwe yahaye Novaya Gazeta. Sokurov yavuze ku myaka yashingwa mu mwuga, harimo umubano utoroshye na KGB n'urugamba rwo kwishyiriraho mu rwego rwo kugenzura.
Alexander Nikolaevich yagaragajwe no kutumvikana n'ibikorwa by'umurimo w'umuco, yemera ko iri shami rimaze igihe kinini ari inshingano zimaze igihe kinini, ni irihe terambere ry'inganda.
Filmography
- 1980 - "Yagabanutse"
- 1986 - "Ampir"
- 1988 - "IMINSI YAVUZE"
- 1990 - "Uruziga rw'isegonda"
- 1992 - "Ibuye"
- 1994 - "Urupapuro rutuje"
- 1997 - "Mama n'umuhungu"
- 1999 - "Moloch"
- 2001 - "Taurus"
- 2002 - "Isanduku y'Uburusiya"
- 2003 - "Data n'Umwana"
- 2005 - "Izuba"
- 2007 - "Alexander"
- 2011 - "FAOST"
- 2015 - "Francophoniya"
Bibliografiya
- 2011 - "Hagati y'inyanja"