Ubuzima
Ahari, hari abantu bake batabonye firime yubushakashatsi bwa Soviet "Amahirwe ya Sheolock Holmes na Dr. Watson" hamwe na Vitanily Livanov na Vitaly Solomin mu nshingano nyinshi. Ubwanditsi uzwi cyane nabwo bwakinnye Benedigito cumberbatch, yakomokaga ku murongo wubuvanga w'umwanditsi w'icyongereza akaba n'umwanditsi - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Sir Arthur Ignashus Conan Doyle yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1859 mu murwa mukuru wa Scotland - Edinburgh. Uyu mujyi mwiza ukungahaye ku mateka n'umurage ndangamuco n'ibikurura. Kubwibyo, birashobora gufatwa ko mu bwana bwa muganga w'ejo hazaza hamwe n'umwanditsi bareba inkingi z'ikigo cya Peresibiteriyeni - Cathedrale ya St. Evidia, kandi yishimiye cyane Flora na Fauna yo mu busitani bwa cyami hamwe na parike ya palm, lilac Heather na Arbororem (icyegeranyo cyibiti byibiti).
Umwanditsi w'inkuru zitangaje ku byerekeye Sherlock Holmes Ros kandi yazanye mu muryango w'abaturage, ababyeyi be bagize uruhare rudashidikanywaho mu kugera ku buhanga n'ubuvanganzo. Sogokuru John Doyle yari umuhanzi wa Irlande, yakoraga mu bwoko bwa miniatures na karicatires ya politiki. Byaturutse ku ngoma ya silk yateye imbere na veletit.
Umwanditsi Umwarimu - Charles Oltoont Doyle - yajyaga ikirenge ku bw'ababyeyi maze ava mu nzira y'amazi ku bushake bw'ibikoresho bya Victorian. Charles abigiranye umwete ibibanza bya Gothique bifite inyuguti nziza, inyamaswa nubumaji. Byongeye kandi, Doy-Sele-Seler yakoranye andertector (amashusho ye yashushanyijeho inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za Lewis Carroll na Daniel Defo), kimwe n'ubwubatsi bwa Windows muri Glasgow muri Clasgow.
Ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1855, Charles yakoze icyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'imitima y'umwaka wa Irilande w'imyaka 17, Mariya Malezine Elizabeti Fouley, waje gutanga abana barindwi bakunzwe. By the way, Madamu Fowley yari umugore washizeho, abagore basoma ibitabo by'urukiko babwira abana inkuru zishimishije zijyanye n'ubutata itaboroga. Epic Epic muburyo bwa Proventi Ibihe bya Provence kandi iteka ryose bisiga Ikimenyetso mubugingo bwa Arthur:
Umwanditsi yibukije ati: "Urukundo nyarwo rw'ibitabo, impengamiro yo kwandika iva muri njye, ntekereza kuri nyina."Nibyo, aho kuba ibitabo bya Knight Walter Scott Doyle, Thomas Urupapuro Rukuru rwa Urubingo, wishimiye ibitekerezo byabasomyi basoma. Abantu bake barabizi, ariko Charles yagabanutse cyane kumpera. Ikigaragara ni uko umugabo arota kuba umuhanzi uzwi, kugirango mugihe kizaza izina rye iruhande rwa Michelangelo, Rembrandt na Leonardo Da Vinci. Ariko, mugihe cyubuzima, Doyle ntabwo yabonye kumenyekana no kuba icyamamare. Amashusho ye ntabwo yishimiye cyane, inkuta nziza cyane zakunze gutwikirwa umukungugu muto, kandi amafaranga yakuwe mu bigereranyo bito yari abuze kugaburira umuryango.
Charles yabonye agakiza muri alcool: Ibinyobwa bishyushye byafashaga igice cyumuryango gukuraho ukuri gukabije kuba. Nibyo, inzoga zikongeje ibintu mu nzu: Buri mwaka Icyifuzo kitarahujwe, Doyle-Data wanyoye cyane kandi akemurwa n'abavandimwe bakuru. Ubwanyuma, keretse umuhanzi wakozwe muminsi yo kwiheba cyane, no ku ya 10 Ukwakira 1893, Charles yarapfuye.
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yize mu mashuri abanza b'Imana. Igihe Arthur yari afite imyaka 9, tubikesha amafaranga y'abavandimwe bazwi, Doko yakomeje amasomo ye, iki gihe, muri kaminuza yafunzwe ya Shushanya. Ntibishoboka kuvuga ko Arthur yishimiye intebe yishuri. Yasuzuguye ubusumbane bw'ishuri n'ubunebwe bw'idini, kandi yangaga ibihano byumubiri: Umwarimu wanditseho umukandara watsinzwe gusa kuba umwanditsi ukiri muto.
Umuhungu ntiyari arushijeho kuba imibare, ntabwo yakunze ibiganiro bya algebraic n'ingero zigoye zahaye Arthur. Kuberako udakunda ingingo, yashimye Aristote kandi igihome, dole yakiriye ibibyimba bisanzwe byabanyeshuri bagenzi bawe - abavandimwe ba moriarty. Gusa umunezero kuri Arthur wari siporo: Umusore yakinnye umukoni yishimye.
Doyle yakunze kwandika nyina wa nyina, aho mu makuru arambuye yasobanuye ibyabaye kumunsi mubuzima bwe. Nanone, umusore washyize mu bikorwa ubushobozi bw'Inkuru: kumva inkuru zibangamira arthurteller ya Arthur, muri Geomati yatangaga na Perezida kuri Geometrie na Algebra.
Ubuvanganzo
Doyle yahisemo ibikorwa byubuvanganzo byimpanuka: kuba umwana wimyaka itandatu, Arthur yanditse inkuru yo gukina yitwa "ingenzi ningwe". Nibyo, akazi kagaragaye ko kigufi kandi ntigifata urupapuro rwose, kuko ingwe yahise yihindura inzererezi itishimye. Umuhungu muto yakurikije ihame rya "ubworoherane - mushiki w'impano", no kuba mukuru, Arthur yasobanuye ko yari asanzwe atarava mu bibazo.
Mubyukuri, umutware wikaramu ntabwo akoreshwa mugucumura ku "Mana yo mu modoka" - iyo imico nyamukuru, yari mu bihe bitari ngombwa ahantu hatari ngombwa cyangwa ikiza mu kazi. Mu mwanya w'umwanditsi w'umwanditsi, aho kuba umurima w'umwanditsi, ubanza guhitamo umwuga mwiza wa muganga, ntamuntu utangaje, kuko hari ingero nyinshi nkizo, ndetse na Chekhov ivuga ko "imiti numugore wanjye wemewe, nubuvanganzo ni umukunzi wanjye . "
Umusore yahisemo Bathrobe yera Peru na Inkwell kubera ingaruka za Brian CH. Waller, wakodeshaga icyumba cya Madamu Fouley. Kubwibyo, amaze kumva inkuru zubuvuzi, umusore udafite pondayvius agaragaza ibyangombwa muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh. Kuba umunyeshuri, Doko yahuye nabandi banditsi - James Barry na Robert Lewis Stevenson.
Mubikoresho byindimi, Arthur yakoraga ubucuruzi akunda - Corpel hejuru y'ibitabo bya Brita Garta na Edgar Allan by, "inyenzi za zahabu" "inyenzi za zahabu" zisigaye mu mutima w'ibyo umuntu ataziguye. Uhumekewe n'ibitabo n'inkuru z'amayobera, umwanditsi agerageza ingabo ze ku murima w'ubuvanganzo kandi atanga inkuru "Amayobera y'Ikibaya cya Sulsaya" n "" Amateka y'Abanyamerika ".
Mu 1881, Doyle yakira impamyabumenyi ihanitse akajya mumyitozo yubuvuzi. Umwanditsi w'imbwa "Baskerville" yatwaye imyaka igera ku icumi kugirango areke umwuga w'amaso ya Ophthallogiste no kwishora mu bihugu byinshi mu mirongo y'ubuvanganzo. Mu 1884, hayobowe na Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan atangira akazi ku gitabo cy'urutonde "Inzu y'Ubucuruzi rusange". Fabuli yubakiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina y'imihigo y'isi itubahirije iyi minisiteri: bazayitwara hafi y'intoki z'abantu bahinduka mu bubasha bwo guhakana.
Muri Werurwe 1886, Sir Conan Doyle akora hejuru ya "etude muri Baghrov tones", akazi karangiye muri Mata. Ni muriyi mirimo kunshuro yambere imbere yabasomyi uzwi cyane London Sherlock Holmes Lolmes Devints igaragara. Prototype y'amazi y'umwuga yari umuntu nyawe - umuganga w'inzoka, umuganga ubaga, uwahimbye wa kaminuza muri Edinburgh, washoboraga kubara abifashijwemo na logique nk'ikosa rito ndetse n'uburiganya.
Yosefu yari mugenzi we n'umunyeshuri we wabonye umwete kuri buri rujya n'uruza rwa shebuja wahimbye uburyo bwe bwo gukwirakwiza. Biragaragara, itabi, ivu, isaha, inkoni, inkoni n'umwanda munsi y'imisumari, ushobora kuvuga ku muntu ibintu byose kuruta ubuzima bwe.
Sherlock Holmes Imiterere ni ubwoko bwo kumenya - burya mububiko bwubuvanganzo, kubera ko amateka yintwari yashakishijwe yashakaga kubigira umuntu usanzwe, kandi ntabwo ari igitabo cyamayobera, muribihe mico myiza cyangwa mibi yibanda. Sherlock, kimwe nabandi bapfa, afite ingeso mbi: Holmes Neakkurata mugukwirakwiza ibintu, uhora birenga ku bya cigatile na cigareti (umuyoboro ni ibihimbano byabuze bikoresha kokayine ikoresha kokayine.
Inkuru ya "SCAndal muri Bohemia" yari intangiriro yuruziga ruzwi "Amavurungano ya Sherlock Holmes", yarimo inkuru zamazi 12 zerekeye umupolisi ninshuti ye - Dr. Watson. Kandi Conan Doyle yashyizeho ibitabo bine byuzuye, aho, usibye "etude muri", "imbwa ya Baskerville", "Ikibaya cya Horter" na "Ikibaya cya Horter" na "Ikibaya cya Forter" na "Ikibaya cya Horter" na "ikimenyetso cya kane". Turashimira imirimo izwi, Doyle yabaye umwanditsi wishyuwe cyane haba mu Bwongereza no ku isi hose.
Bikomoka ku mwanya umwe Sherlock Holmes yari arambiwe Umuremyi, nuko Arthur yahisemo kwica abigenzacyaha. Ariko nyuma y'urupfu rw'ibihimbano, Doyle yatangiye kugabanya kandi yihanangirije ko ibyago bye byaba bibabaje iyo umwanditsi atazutse abasomyi b'intwari. Arthur ntiyatinyutse kutumvira ubushake bw'ubushokari, nuko akomeza gukora ku nkuru nyinshi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hanze, Arthur Conan Doyle, kimwe na Theodore Roosevel, yateje igitekerezo cyumuntu ukomeye kandi ufite imbaraga, usa nintwari. Umwanditsi wibitabo mubusaza yakoraga muri siporo ndetse no mubusaza ashobora guha umusore. Dukurikije ibihuha, byari Doy wigishije ubusuwisi kugendera ku maguru, gahunda yo gusiganwa ku magare maze aba umuntu wa mbere watanze umuryango.
Sir Arthur Conan Ubuzima bwite nububiko bwamakuru ushobora gukora igitabo cyose nkigitabo gitubahirizwa. Urugero, yagiye kuri dival ku bwato bwahagurutse, aho yari mu mwanya wa muganga w'ubwato. Umwanditsi yishimiye cyane hafungurwa ubwinshi bw'inyanja, kandi yahiga kashe. Byongeye kandi, ubuhanga bwo mu bitabo bwakoreraga ku muhanda wumye ku nkombe y'inyanja ya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, aho yahuriye n'ubuzima n'imigenzo yandi.
Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Doyle yahagaritswe by'agatabo by'agatabo akagerageza kujya kwa mubwitange imbere kugira ngo yerekane abo mu gihe urugero rw'ubutwari n'ubutwari. Ariko umwanditsi yagombaga gukonja umukungugu, kubera ko icyifuzo cye cyanze. Nyuma yibi bintu, Arthur yatangiye gutangaza ingingo zabanyamakuru: Mubitabo hafi ya buri munsi byagaragaye inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki ku nsanganyamatsiko ya gisirikare.
We ku giti cye yateguye ibibanza by'abakorerabushake kandi agerageza kuba umuyobozi wa "Raid Caidesty". Shebuja w'ikaramu ntiyashoboraga gukomeza kugira igihe cyagenwe, kuko yatekerezaga buri munota kubyerekeye iyicarubozo riteye ubwoba, abahunzi be bakorerwa.
Ku bijyanye n'imibanire y'urukundo, umutware wa mbere wa Matra Louise Hawkins, wamuhaye abana babiri, apfuye bazize Chakhotka mu 1906. Nyuma yumwaka, Arthur atanga igitekerezo cya Gene Lekkka - umugore aho yari mu rukundo rwihishwa kuva 1897. Kuva mu mubano wa kabiri mu muryango w'umwanditsi, abandi bana batatu bavutse: Jin, Denis na Adriis (wabaye umurwanyi w'umwanditsi).
Nubwo dosle yicaye nkuburozi, yize byumwiyubawe byumwihariko yubupfumu kandi akora amasomo yumwuka. Umwanditsi yizeye ko imyuka y'abapfuye izatanga ibisubizo kubibazo bye byashimishijwe, byumwihariko, Arthur yari afite impungenge zo gutekereza niba haba ubuzima nyuma y'urupfu.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwa Dole, nta kintu cyashushanyaga ibibazo, wegen '"isi yatakaye" yuzuye imbaraga n'ingabo, mu myaka ya za 1920 zasuye imigabane ya byose ku isi. Ariko mu rugendo i Scandinaviya, ubuzima bw'umuhanga mu bitabo bwari bwari bubingishye, ku buryo mu birindiro yagumye ku buriri buzengurutswe n'abavandimwe n'abakunzi.
Igihe Doko akimara kumva, yagiye mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza, kugira ngo asohoze igerageza rye rya nyuma mu buzima bwo kuvugana na Minisitiri w'imbere kandi asaba gukuraho amategeko akurikije ibyo Guverinoma ikurikirana abayoboke b'umwuka.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle yapfiriye mu rugo muri Sussex avuye ku mutima igitero mu gitondo cyo ku ya 7 Nyakanga 1930. Mu ikubitiro, imva y'Umuremyi yari iherereye hafi y'urugo rwe, ariko nyuma ibisigazwa byumwanditsi byasubitswe mumashyamba mashya.
Bibliografiya
Uruziga rwerekeye sherlock holmes
- 1887 - enude muri tone itukura
- 1890 - Ikimenyetso kine
- 18992 - Sherlock Holmes adventures
- 1893 - Inyandiko zerekeye Sherlock Holmes
- 1902 - imbwa ya Baskerville
- 1904 - Kugaruka kwa Sherlock Holmes
- 1915 - Ikibaya cya Horror
- 1917 - Umuheto we wo gusezera
- 1927 - Sherlock Holmes Archive
Uruziga rwerekeye umwanzuro wa Porofeseri
- 1902 - Isi Yatakaye
- 1913 - Umukandara wa Poineent
- 1926 - Igihu cya Fog
- 1928 - Iyo Isi Yatakambiye
- 1929 - Imashini yo gusenya
Ibindi bikorwa
- 1884 - Jeffson HebDook Post
- 1887 - Domalushki Jeremy Urugo
- 1889 - Amayobera ya Ferrend
- 1890 - Inzu y'Ubucuruzi ya Herleston
- 1890 - Kapiteni "Inyenyeri ya Polar"
- 1921 - Phenomena Fay