Ubuzima
Yari rwiyemezamirimo watsinze kandi imyaka myinshi yashoboye kwiga umutungo munini, wagira bihagije kugirango umuryango wose wemeze umuryango - abagore n'abana batanu. Ariko igihe kimwe, uyu mugabo yataha anavuga ko ashaka akazi karambirana amafaranga yo guhana amabati, guswera na canvas. Rero, yavuye mu mugaragaro kandi, akunda ubucuruzi bwe nakundaga, asiga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
Noneho post canmixionist canvas yimirima ya Gaugaen ntabwo yagereranijwe miliyoni imwe. Kurugero, muri 2015, ifoto yumuhanzi yiswe "Igihe Ubukwe?" (1892), yerekana ibice bibiri hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gushyuha, yagurishijwe muri cyamunara miliyoni 300 z'amadolari. Ariko byaragaragaye ko mu buzima bwe bwose, Umufaransa ufite impano, nka mugenzi we ufite impano muri Van Gogh, ntabwo yakiriye neza kandi icyubahiro. Kubwicyaha, Gaen yiziritse nkana kubaho kwuruzitiro rubi kandi yahinduye ubuzima bukize kubukene budahungabana.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuhanzi uzaza yavukiye mu mujyi w'urukundo - umurwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa - ku ya 7 Kamena 1848, icyo gihe cy'ibibazo, igihe igihugu cya Cenzan na Paruwasi byari bitegereje guhungabana kwa politiki, zigaragarira mu buzima bw'abaturage bose - kuva non- abacuruzi bagaragara kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bakomeye. Umwanya wa se, Klovis, - Ibyiza bya Nelean, wakoraga n'umunyamakuru wubuntu mu kinyamakuru cyaho "Naconal" kandi gitwikiriye neza amateka y'ibikorwa rusange.
Umugore we Alina Maria yarivukiye kuri Suru, yiyongera kandi arera mu muryango uzwi. Nyina wa Alina kandi, uko byakomeje, nyirakuru wa Gajen, umukobwa utemewe w'umunyacyubahiro wa Don Mariano na Flora Tistan, yakurikizaga inyandiko y'ingenzi ya "kureba ibirori". Ubumwe bwa Flora n'umugabo we Andre Chazala byarangiraga ikibabaje: umukunzi w'umusozi wateye uwo bashakanye maze bajya muri gereza azira kwiyahura.
Kubera ubuhinzi bwa politiki mu Bufaransa, Klovis, uhangayikishijwe n'umutekano w'umuryango, bahatiwe guhunga igihugu. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi bariye umubwiriza, aho yakoraga, maze umunyamakuru yagumye nta mibereho. Kubwibyo, umutware wumuryango, hamwe nuwo mwashakanye n'abana bato, yagiye mu bwato muri Peru mu 1850.
Se wa Hojen yari yuzuye ibyiringiro byiza: Yarose yirukanye mu gihugu cya Amerika y'Epfo no mu rwego rw'ababyeyi b'uwo bashakanye kugira ngo ashinge ikinyamakuru cye. Ariko imigambi yumuntu ntishobora gusohora, kuko mugihe cya Klovis mu buryo butunguranye yapfuye avuye kumutima. Kubwibyo, Alina yasubiye mupfakazi mu gihugu hamwe na Gauguen y'amezi 18 na mushiki we w'imyaka 2 Marie.
Pawulo mbere yimyaka ya karindwi yabaga muri leta ya American ya kera y'Epfo, ahantu nyaburanga yo mu misozi yishimira ibitekerezo byumuntu uwo ari we wese. Inyuma y'umusore Gauguen yari ijisho yego ijisho: mu isambi ya nyirarume muri Lima, abagaragu be n'abaforomo bakikijwe. Pawulo yagumanye kwibuka neza mu gihe cy'ubwana, yibukije umwanya utagira akagero wishimye, ibitekerezo byayo byakurikiranye umuhanzi ufite impano ubuzima bwe bwose.
Ubwana bwa Hogenlic muriyi parade ya tropique irangiye. Kubera amakimbirane ya gisivili ya Peruvian mu 1854, bene wabo bazwi baturutse mu babyeyi yatakaje imbaraga za politiki. Mu 1855, Alina, hamwe na Marie, basubiye mu Bufaransa gushaka umurage kwa nyirarume. Umugore utura i Paris atangira gushaka amafaranga ku mugati w'umukobwa, maze Pawulo aguma muri Orleans, aho yakuweho na sekuru mu murongo wa Se. Murakoze gutsimbarara no gukorera mu 1861, ababyeyi ba Gauguen babaye nyir'amahugurwa ye bwite yo kudoda.
Nyuma y'amashuri menshi yaho, Mogen yoherejwe mu ishuri ryaka gatolika ry'Abagatolika (Petit Saint-Mesmin). Pawulo yari umunyeshuri w'umunyamwete, rero watsinze ibintu byinshi, ariko byumwihariko umusore ufite impano yahawe igifaransa.
Igihe umuhanzi uzaza yari afite imyaka 14, yinjiye mu ishuri ryitegura mu ishuri rya Paris kandi yarimo yitegura kwinjira mu ishuri rya kawudical. Ariko, ku bw'amahirwe, cyangwa kwicuza, mu 1865, umusore yananiwe ibizamini muri komite ishinzwe kwinjira, bityo, nta gutakaza ibyiringiro, yahawe akazi mu bwato bwanditswe n'umufindo. Rero, umusore Gajan yagiye mu rugendo rw'ahantu h'amazi atagira akagero kandi igihe cyose cyagendaga mu bihugu byinshi, yasuye Amerika yepfo, ku nkombe y'inyanja ya Mediterane, ishakisha inyanja y'Amajyaruguru.
Igihe Pawulo yari arimo koga, nyina yapfuye azize indwara. Gaen yari hagati y'amakuba ateye ubwoba mu gihe ibaruwa ifite amakuru adashimishije muri mushiki wawe atamurenze mu nzira yerekeza mu Buhinde. Muri ubwo bushake, Alina yatanze inama yo gukora umwuga wo gukora umwuga, kuko, Gaugegen atazashobora kwishingikiriza ku nshuti cyangwa abavandimwe mugihe habaye ibyago.
Pawulo ntiyigeze akora ku bushake bwa nyuma bw'umubyeyi maze mu 1871 yagiye i Paris kugira ngo atangire ubuzima bwigenga. Umusore yagize amahirwe, nkinshuti ya Mama Gustave yafashije umusore wimyaka 23 kugirango ave mumwanda mu gikoni. Gustave, Guhana Decaler, byasabwe imirima muri sosiyete, yishyuye uwo musore yakiriye broker.
Gushushanya
Umuturage wa Gaugen yashoboye ku mwuga we, umugabo atangira kuboneka. Mu myaka icumi, yabaye umuntu wubasiwe muri sosiyete kandi abasha gutanga inzu yemejwe numuryango mu mujyi. Kimwe na Murinzi we Gustavuu yavutse, yatangiye kugura amashusho y'abantu bazwi, ndetse no mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, Gojen ahumekewe na canvas atangira kugerageza impano ye.
Mu gihe cyo kuva mu 1873 kugeza 1874, Pawulo yaremye ibintu bya mbere byiza, byagaragaje umuco wa Peruviya. Imwe mu bikorwa by'umuhanzi ukiri muto ni "inkoko y'amashyamba muri Virofte" - yagaragajwe mu kabari kandi yakiriye isuzuma rishishikaye ku banenga. Bidatinze, umutware wa Novice yahuye na Kamil Pissaro, ashushanya igifaransa. Umubano wa gicuti watangiye hagati yaya bantu babiri bahanga, bakunze gusura umujyanama we mu majyaruguru-yuburengerazuba bwa Paris - Pontoise.
Umuhanzi wanga ubuzima bwisi hamwe nubwibone bwuje urukundo, bigenda umwanya we wubusa wo gushushanya ibishushanyo, buhoro buhoro broker atangira kubona nkumukozi munini, ahubwo nkumuhanzi ufite impano. Mu buryo bwinshi, iherezo rya Gauguen ryagize ingaruka ku baziranye na Edgar dedi, uhagarariye umwimerere. De dedi ishyigikira imirima haba mumico ndetse n'amafaranga, kugura canvas igaragara.
Mugushakisha guhumeka no kwidagadura bivuye mu murwa mukuru wuzuye urusaku rw'Ubufaransa, shebuja yakusanyije ivarisi akomeza urugendo. Yabaye muri Panama, Van Gogh yabaga muri Arles, yasuye Brittany. Mu 1891, kwibuka ubwana bwiza bwakoreshejwe mu murwa wa nyina, Gauguen amababi ya Gauguen - ikirwa cya Volcanike, ikirere cyacyo gitanga ubushake bwa fantasy. Yashimishijwe cyane na korali yo mu mashyamba, aho imbuto z'umutobe zikura, kandi inkombe zo mu nyanja zize. Pawulo yagerageje kohereza amarangi yose aboneka kuri canvase, kubera ibyo ibyaremwe bya Goyhy yabonetse kubwumwimerere kandi bwiza.
Umuhanzi yarebaga ibibera hirya no hino kandi akubye amaso yubuhanzi bworoshye yagize uruhare mubikorwa bye. Noneho, umugambi w'ishusho "a, ufite ishyari?" (1892) yitabye amaso ya Hogen mubyukuri. Kuzuza gusa bashiki bacu babiri-Tayitiya uryamye mu buryo busanzwe ku nkombe munsi yizuba ryinshi. Duhereye ku mukobwa w'igija ku byerekeye urukundo rwa Gajn bumvise ubworoherane: "Nigute? Ufite ishyari! ". Nyuma, Pawulo yatubonye ko iyi canvas ari imwe mu yaremye akunda.
Muri 1892, Umwigisha yanditse imyenda y'amayobera "umwuka w'abapfuye ntabwo yayoboye", yakozwe mu tone nziza cyane, ifite ibara ry'umuyugubwe. Visor of Viewer igaragara yambaye ubusa, aryamye ku buriri, kandi inyuma yacyo Umwuka mu mwenda wijimye. Ikigaragara ni uko rimwe mu itara umuhanzi yarangije amavuta. Yashishimuye umukino wo kumurika umwanya, bityo akinga tekinoroji. Pawulo yatangiye gutekereza, uyu mukobwa arashobora gufata umuhanzi atari kumuntu, ahubwo yanagiriye umuzimu cyangwa umwuka, uwo umutware afite ubwoba bwinshi. Ibitekerezaho byamayobera bya Hongen byahumekeye umugambi wibishushanyo.
Umwaka umwe, shebuja yanditse irindi shusho yitwa "umugore ufashe imbuto." Gukurikiza uburyo bwanjye, Gaugen yasinyanye iki gico cya kabiri, Maori, izina Euhaereiaoe ("Ujya he?"). Muri iki gikorwa, nko mubikorwa byose byumurima, umuntu na kamere ni static, nkaho bahujwe hamwe. Ku ikubitiro, iyi canvas yaguze ubukonje bwumucuruzi wu Burusiya, kuri ubu akazi kaherereye mu rukuta rwa Endumitage. Mubindi bintu, Umwanditsi w "udoda umugore" mumyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwe yanditse igitabo "Nonoa", cyanditswe mu 1901.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Paul Gaen mu 1873 yakoze icyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'imitima ya Dane. Mat-Sophia Gad, wasubije kandi ashyikirizwa abakundwa kandi atanga umukundwa kandi ashyikiriza abana bane: abahungu babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri n'abakobwa babiri. Gogen yashimye sogokuru Egaral, wavutse mu 1874. Abanyabukorikori benshi ba shebuja brush kandi barashushanya ishusho yumuhungu ukomeye, ucira urubanza imirimo, yakundaga gusoma ibitabo.
Kubwamahirwe, ubuzima bwumuryango bwumuryango ukomeye ntabwo bwari igicu. Amashusho ya Master ntabwo yagurishijwe kandi ntiyakuyeho ibyo yinjiza, kandi uwo muhanzi ntabwo yubahirije igitekerezo cyerekana ko na paradizo nziza no mu ngoro. Kubera ibibazo byumurima, byagabanutse cyane kumpera yimpera, akenshi wacitsemo amakimbirane n'amakimbirane hagati y'abashakanye. Amaze kugera i Tahiti Gogen, yajyanye umugore we ubwiza bwaho.
Urupfu
Kugeza ubu, Gogin yari i Papaete, yakoraga neza kandi ashoboye kwandika nk'inyoni igera kuri mirongo inani, ifatwa nk'ibyiza murutonde rwe rwose. Ariko iherezo ryateguwe umuntu ufite impano inzitizi nshya. Gongin yananiwe kumenyekana no kwihesha icyubahiro mu ruziga rw'abatizwa, nuko yishora mu bwihebe.
Kubera umurongo wirabura, waje mubuzima bwe, Pawulo arenze rimwe yiyagerageje kwiyahura. Imiterere yumwuka yumuhanzi yabyaye gukandamiza ubuzima, Umwanditsi wumudugudu wa "Breton munsi ya shelegi" yarwaye ibibembe. Umwigisha Ukomeye yapfiriye ku kirwa ku ya 9 Gicurasi 1903 afite imyaka 54.
Kubwamahirwe, kenshi, bibaho, icyubahiro cyageze kuri Gauuuge gusa nyuma y'urupfu: hashize imyaka itatu urupfu rwa Matra, inzika ze zashyize i Paris kugirango abantu bose babone. Kwibuka umurima mu 1986, film "impyisi" Impyisi "yakuweho, aho uruhare rwumuhanzi rwakoraga umukinnyi uzwi cyane Dollywood Donald Sutherland. Nanone, The Octiosse Somersese Moem yanditse imirimo yo mu buzima bw'ubuzima bw '"Ukwezi no kwiyongera", aho prototype y'imico nyamukuru yari Paul Gauguen.
Akazi
- 1880 - "Umugore udoda"
- 1888 - "Icyerekezo Nyuma y'Inyigisho"
- 1888 - "Cafe muri Arle"
- 1889 - "Kristu Umuhondo"
- 1891 - "Umugore ufite indabyo"
- 1892 - "Umwuka w'abapfuye ntasinzire"
- 1892 - "A, ufite ishyari?"
- 1893 - "Umugore ufashe imbuto"
- 1893 - "Izina rye rya Vairaumati"
- 1894 - "Umwuka mubi"
- 1897-1898 - "Twavuye dute? Turi bande? Tugiye HE?"
- 1897 - "Ntibishobora" "
- 1899 - "Icyegeranyo cy'imbuto"
- 1902 - "Biracyaza - Ubuzima hamwe na Parrots"