Ubuzima
Ivan Franco ni Belletrist Belletrist, Umusizi, Umunyamakuru na Umuhanga. Umurage wa kera ni nini, kandi ingaruka ku muco ziragoye kurenga. Mu 1915, umwanditsi yashyizwe imbere igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, ariko kugeza igihe abisuzuguyemo, kandidababida ya Ivan Franco ntabwo yageze ku rupfu rw'uniswe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Igihe kizaza cya kera yubuvanganzo bwa Wobanian bwavukiye mumuryango ukize. Umutwe we ni Umunyambo wa Galiciya Yakov Franco - yabonye amafaranga ku bucuruzi bwahozeho, na Mama - Maria Kulchitkaya - yakomokaga "umunyacyubahiro". Umugabo ukiri muto imyaka 33, umugore mu bukene bwa Ruseni - Shrove yabaze abana. Imyaka yambere yubuzima bwa kera yitwa blond.
Igihe Ivan Franko yujuje imyaka 9, papa yarapfuye. Mama yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri, papa wasimbuye abana ba se. Hamwe na Ivan, yashyizeho ubucuti kandi amugumisha ubuzima bwe bwose. Muri 16 Ivan yabaye impfubyi: ntabwo yatumye Mam.
Mu ishuri rya Drohobych, ku kigo cy'abihaye Imana Gatolika, Ivan yari umunyeshuri mwiza: Abigisha bamwitayeho ejo hazaza h'umwarimu. Umusore yagize ububiko budasanzwe - Inyigisho zavuzwe haruguru, kandi Kobayar yari azi kumutima.
Franco yari azi Igipolonye n'Ubudage, yakoze ibisobanuro by'imivugo ya Bibiliya, ubukene bwasomye ibya kera by'Uburayi, bikora ku mateka n'ubumenyi karemano. Kubona amafaranga hamwe no kwigisha, Umukinnyi w'imikino ngore Ivan Franco yashoboye gukusanya isomero mu bitabo bya kimwe cya kabiri cya kabiri. Yabonye indimi z'amahanga, yashimye Ukraine ye Ukraine, yakusanyije kandi yandika indirimbo za rubanda, imigani.
Ivan Franco yabaga muri mwene wabo, wari ufite ubucuruzi bwo kububa bwa Drohobych. Byabaye ko umusore yari aryamye mu isanduku nshya idasanzwe (inkuru "mu nzego"). Mu ci, ejo hazaza hahoze n'ubuvanganzo by'urwibutso byaparitse inka muri Natonateevichi kandi bifasha sopater mu murima. Mu 1875, Ivan Franco yakiriye icyemezo n'icyubahiro maze yinjira muri kaminuza ya Lviv ahitamo ishami rya filozofiya.
Ubuvanganzo
Inyandiko ya mbere Ivan Franco yacapwe mu kinyamakuru cya kaminuza "inshuti", mbikesheje guhindukirira urwego rwacapwe. Donoms yabantu badakundana nabatwara imiti byateye ifatwa rya mbere rya Ivan Franco hamwe nabagize Inama y'Ubutumwa "inshuti".
Franco yamaganwa ibyumweru 6, ariko yarekuwe nyuma y'amezi 9 (amezi 8 yategereje urukiko). Umusore yashyizwe mu cyumba kugira ngo ashyire abanyabyaha abagizi ba nabi, abakene, abo bukene busunikaga mu byaha bikomeye. Gushyikirana nabo niho soko yo kwandika imirimo yibihimbano, iyo, nyuma yo kubohoza, Ivan Franco yandikaga muri EDSITANI. Inkuru z '"ukwezi kwa gereza" zimurirwa mu ndimi z'amahanga kandi zitwa ibyiza mu murage w'umwanditsi.
Amaze kuva mu bitabo, Ivan Franco yahuye na Leta ya Leta: "Umugizi wa nabi" wahindutse abantu na Rushofile. Kuva muri kaminuza, urubyiruko rwirukanwe. Impinduramatwara ikiri nto hamwe n'ibitekerezo by'abasosiyalisiti byasanze muri Avant-gade y'abarwanyi hamwe na mona ya momi ya Otirishiya. Hamwe na mugenzi wanjye M. Pavlik yashyize ahagaragara ikinyamakuru "Inshuti rusange", aho yasohoye ibisigo, inyandiko n'ibice bya mbere by'inkuru "Boa Concenator".
Bidatinze, abapolisi bafashe igitabo, ariko Ivan Franco yongeye gusohoka mu izina ritandukanye, ryo kuvuga "" inzogera ". Iki kinyamakuru cyacapiye igisigo cya gahunda cya Franco - "Masonry" ("Kamenarі"). Kandi no kongera kwamburwa no guhindura izina. Mu nomero ya kane n'iya nyuma yiki kinyamakuru, cyitwa "Nyundo", Ivan Yakovlevich yacapwe iherezo ryinkuru nibisigo.
Ivan Franco yatanze ikinyamakuru kandi agatabo kari munsi yubuhinduzi hamwe nubuhinduzi bwimirimo ya Charles Marx na Modedrich Engels, ijambo ryanditse. Mu 1878, impinduramatwara y'Ubutalayiniya yayobowe n'ikinyamakuru "Praca" ("Umurimo"), guhindura urugingo rw'Intara mu gutangaza abakozi Lviv. Muri iyi myaka, Ivan Franco yahinduye ibisigo Heinrich Heine "Ubudage", "Kayini" Johann, yagize ati: "Kayini" Johann Goethe, "yanditse".
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1880, mu nzira igana Kolonyu ivan Franko, ubwa kabiri yarafashwe: umunyapolitiki yaguye mu ruhande rw'Abahinzi b'amategeko ya Kolomyani, bayobowe n'amategeko na Otirishiya. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, guma muri gereza ya Ivan Yakovlevich, noherejwe i Naguyevichi, ariko mu nzira igana mu mudugudu w'imyitwarire ishize, yaguye mu mico ya Drohobych. Bigaragara byabaye impamvu yo kwandika inkuru "hepfo".
Mu 1881, Ivan Franco asohora ikinyamakuru ku isi, icapiro inkuru "Borislav." Abasomyi ntibabonye imitwe yanyuma yumurimo: ikinyamakuru cyari gifunze. Ibisigo Ivan Franco yafashe ikinyamakuru "urumuri". Muri ibyo, icyegeranyo "kuva ku mpinga no hasi" bidatinze. Nyuma yo gufunga "urumuri", umwanditsi ahatirwa kubona, yacapishijwe mubitabo byabaturage. Muri iyi myaka, inkuru y'icyamamare "Zakhar Berkut" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru "Zarya", ariko bidatinze ubufatanye bw'umwanditsi hamwe na "Zarya" yarahagaze.
Hagati ya 1880, ashakisha amafaranga, Ivan Franco yaje kabiri i Kiev, ahanura amafaranga kubuntu kubwubatori bwabashoramari muri verisiyo yikinyamakuru cye. Ariko amafaranga yasezeranijwe ntabwo yari muri Ivan Yakovlevich, ariko muri EDORT ya Zari. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1889, abanyeshuri b'Abarusiya bageze muri Galia. Hamwe na bo, Ivan Franco yagiye kuzenguruka igihugu, ariko bidatinze, Franco arafatwa ko agerageza "gutabaza Otirishiya kandi akaba ashaka kujya mu Burusiya. Nyuma y'amezi abiri, itsinda ryose ryarekuwe nta rubanza.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1890, Franco yanditse impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri, afata imivugo ya politiki ya Taras Shevchenko. Ariko kaminuza ya Lviv ntabwo yemeye impamyabumenyi yo kurengera. Ivan Yakovlevich yatanze imyanzuro muri kaminuza ya Chenivitsky, ariko aramwihakana aho. Mu gatasi ko mu 1892, umwanditsi yagiye i Vienne, aho yanditse impamyabumenyi ku byerekeye igitabo cya kera cya gikristo cyo mu mwuka. Mu mwaka muri Otirishiya, Ivan Franco yahawe urwego rwa muganga wa filozofiya.
Mu 1894, nyuma y'urupfu rw'ishami ry'ubuvanganzo bw'Ubuvanganzo, Porofeseri O. Ogonovsky, iyobowe n'ishami ry'ubuvanganzo bw'Ubuvanganzo, muri kaminuza ya Lviv, igerageza gufata ahantu h'ubuzima. IKIGANIRO RWE MU RUBANZA RWE MU RITANZWE MU BWANDA, Ariko Ishami Ivan Yakovlevich ntiyigeze. Ku isabukuru yimyaka 25 yo guhanga Ivan Franko, ni ayahe banditsi no guhanga urubyiruko rwo guhanga Ukraine bishimiye cyane, icyegeranyo cy'imivugo "cyasohotse.
Impinduramatwara yo mu 1905 mu Burusiya yateje ikibazo cy'umwanditsi, yitabira ibyabaye ku musigo "Mose" n'ikusanyirizo ry'imivugo "Semper Tiro", yarimo igisigo "imigabane".
Mu ntangiriro z'imibanire ya 1900 ya Ivan Franco hamwe n'abenegihugu bo muri Ukraine, ku mutwe wa mikhail grushevsky ihagaze, ikarishye. Mu 1907, kugerageza kuyobora ishami mu kaminuza ya Lviv yongeye kunanirwa: Amagambo ya Franco ntiyari asuzumwa. Inkunga yavuye i Kharkov: Kaminuza yahawe Ivan Yakovlevich urwego rwa Dr. Ubuvanganzo bw'Abarusiya. Umwanditsi n'umuhanga mu Burusiya na PridneProvskaya Ukraine bwubahwa.
Ivan Franco, kimwe nabamubanjirije no mugihe cyababanjirije, yakemuye inshuro nyinshi tewolojiya, Bibiliya. Ibisobanuro byumwanditsi wubumuntu bwa gikristo ni umwimerere. Icyitegererezo cyaka cyane ni umurongo "umugani w'ubuzima bw'iteka."
Mu 1913, umwanditsi n'umuhanga mu bya siyanse bagaragaje isabukuru yimyaka 40, ariko igipimo cy'ikusanyijwe na Yubile byahagaritswe kubera intambara yavuzwe haruguru. Benshi mu magambo ya ProSaic na Poetic Matra yatangajwe nyuma y'urupfu rwe.
Muri rusange, Ivan Franco yanditse imirimo irenze ibihumbi bitanu. Abayo mugihe kimwe cyamugereranije nabantu bakomeye ba Renaissance, bitwa "umubiri munini wo gutabaza usunikira ukraine wose." Ariko kuvuga ku buzima bw'amasomo ya Classique, akenshi ukomeza kwibuka amagambo ye: "Babayeho nk'imana, abicanyi, kandi babi kurusha Zab abakene babaho."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe n'umugore uzaza wa Olga, umwanditsi w'Ubushinwa yahuye na Kiev hagati ya 1880. Ivan Franco ntabwo yari umuntu mwiza: umusatsi utukura, ufite amaso atemba, hasi. Yakundaga abagore bafite ibintu bidasanzwe, ibitekerezo bitera imbere hamwe n'ubumenyi bw'isosiyete. Ubwiza Olga bwakunze Galikani. Itonda rya bene wabo n'inshuti ko umusore ari uwundi ruzinduko, ntacyo yagerageje. Ivan Franco yatinze ubukwe: Gushyira kuvuza ubukwe, yasomwe mu gitabo kidasanzwe mu isomero.
Kwimura Kievans ku murwa mukuru wa Galicia ntabwo byazanye umunezero: LVIVYYKI yitwa Olga "Moskalka", umukobwa ukiri muto, unyuranyije n'imbaraga, ntashobora kuba ibye. Umuryango abana bane bagaragaye rimwe nyuma yiyindi, bakeneye amafaranga. Ivan Franko ntiyafashe akazi, yakurikiranye abapolisi n'imbaraga, guhanga byazanye amafaranga make.
Abahungu Andrei, Taras, Peter n'umukobwa Anne basoma imigani y'abavandimwe Grimm, Ivan Yakovlevich barabagirana n'Ubudage. Mu mudugudu kavukire wa Franco, yirukanye abana mu ishyamba no ku ruzi. OKga, atera abana gusinzira, yahinduwe mu kidage n'igifaransa, yanditse ingingo kuri almanaakos, yaganiriye n'umugabo we. Ariko ibibazo byubuzima nubukene byatesheje agaciro psche idahwitse - Olga yerekanye umurage wegamiye kumena ubwoba.
Mu 1898, Ivan Franco yahawe igihembo cy'igihugu. Kuri aya mafranga, Olga yongeyeho ibisigaye mu maboko maze afata uruganda ruri muri Lviv. Ariko sinshobora gutura murugo rushya rwishimye. Impungenge zo mu mutwe za Olga, imvururu no gusenyuka byatangiriye i Ivan Yakovlevich. Igitonyanga cya nyuma cyari urupfu rw'Umwana mukuru wa Andrei muri Gicurasi 1913, Olga yaguye mu bitaro byo mu mutwe.
Urupfu
Amezi yashize y'ubuzima bwa Ivan Franco yabaga mu buhungiro bwa Sich Schiechov: Abanditsi bababajwe n'abakorerabushake. Kugeza ku isabukuru yimyaka 60, Franco ntabwo yarokotse amezi 3. Yapfiriye wenyine. Umuhungu Taras mu bunyage, Petero yarwanye, umukobwa wa Ana yakoraga mu bitaro bya Kiev.
Umwanditsi yapfiriye mu rugo: Franco yarokotse mu buhungiro muri Gicurasi 1916. Muri uwo mwaka, yatorewe igihembo cy'umutimana natiriwe Nobel, ariko ahabwa ari muzima. Nta muhanga n'umwanditsi ku ya 28 Gicurasi. Yashyinguye mu irimbi rya Lvuv Lychakovsky.
Bibliografiya
- 1877 - "Umunyabyaha"
- 1880 - "hepfo"
- 1882 - "Zakhar Berkut"
- 1882 - "Borislav aseka"
- 1884 - "Boa Linktor"
- 1887 - "Lel na Fillas"
- 1887 - "Yatsi Zelepuga"
- 1890 - "Mibita"
- 1891 - "Amahirwe ya Don Quixote"
- 1892 - "Ibyishimo Byibwe"
- 1894 - "Inkingi z'ikigo"
- 1895 - "Inkweto za Abu Casimov"
- 1897 - "Kubwe mu rugo"
- 1899 - "Amavuta"
- 1900 - "Inzira zambuka"