Ubuzima
Ntabwo bishoboka ko kwisi hari umuntu utazi uwo Lomonosov uwo. Mikhail Vasilyevich ni umuhanga mwiza w'Uburusiya watanze umusanzu udashidikanywaho mu nganda nyinshi. Yabanje gufungura laboratoire yimiti, yavumbuye byinshi kandi anoze Ikirusiya.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Lomontosov busa nicyo gisakuzo cya sphinx, kuko izina rya Mikhail Vasilyevich ridakikijwe gusa na Halo gusa, ahubwo rinabishaka kandi ridahuje. Kurugero, abanditsi bamwe bavuga ko Umunyarwandakazi w'Uburusiya yavukiye mu muryango ukennye, wagabanutse cyane impera, hanyuma, nkaho bitwawe n'imbaraga zitazwi, byagiye ku mutima w'Uburusiya.
Lomonosov yagaragaye ku mucyo wa 8 (19) yo ku ya 17 Ugushyingo mu mudugudu wa Mishansky Kurostrovskaya Vosti (ubu, LomonosolO mu karere). Umuhungu arakura kandi arera umwana w'ikinege mu muryango ukize wa pomori Vasily Dorofeevich, wumvise umucuruzi n'ingendo z'umucuruzi n'inganda mu nkiko ze.
Dukurikije kwibuka kuri Mikhail Vasilyevich, se yari umuntu mwiza, ariko ntazi cyane. Igihe umuhungu ufite impano yujuje imyaka 9, nyina Elena Ivanovna yarapfuye. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo bashakanye, Verofeevich yagerageje kubaka umunezero hamwe n'umurima runaka Mikhailskoye. Ariko uyu mukunzi wagize ibihe bimwe: Theodore yapfuye mu 1724, hashize imyaka itatu kurushinga.
Muri 1724 Lomonosov, umusaza yarongoye ku nshuro ya gatatu kuri umupfakazi wa Irna Semenovna, wagaragaye kuri Mikhail w'imyaka 13 mu ishusho y'ibibi kandi ishyara, yatsindiye ubuzima bw'intambwe nto.
Bavuga ko Mikhail kuva mumyaka icumi yafashije Vemonosov gufata amafi. Data n'Umwana haba mu mucyo cyangwa ngo bukeya hamwe n'umuyoboro uboshye ujya ku nyanja yera. Mikhail Vasilyevich asengeweho koga kumwanya utagira iherezo, shimira imiraba yubururu, ubwiza bwubururu ninkombe ya kure. Kandi akaga kose kabonetse munzira, kubinyuranye, byategetse imbaraga zumubiri zumusore. Indorerezi nyinshi za Lomonosov yatunze ibitekerezo bye byerekana imiterere ya kamere.
Birazwi ko Mikhail Vasilyevich yari yarabaswe no gusoma ibitabo kuva akiri muto. Umusore Lomonov yatangiye gutoza gusoma no kwandika S. N. Sabelnikov, wigishije umusore algebra, ikibonezamvugo, kandi nanone yamenyesheje isi itangaje y'ibitabo. Kuba ingimbi yimyaka 14, Mikhail Soma neza, iminsi nijoro rya charpel nijoro hejuru yibitabo bitandukanye. Turashobora kuvuga ko yamize ishyari igitabo kimwe umwe, agerageza gushyira amakuru mashya muri banki yingurube.
Abantu benshi bazi umugani wo mu ntebe y'ishuri Mikhail Vasilyevich, ufite inzitizi nshya, ajyana n'amaguru yerekeza i Moscou kugira ngo ahabwe uburezi bwiza. Impamvu yacyo gikorwa kidasanzwe kwari ukubaho kwihanganira mu mujyi, aribyo amakimbirane atagira ingano na Irina Semenovna.
Umubyeyi ntiyakunze ko Michael akoresha umwanya we wose wo guhindura ibitabo. Byongeye kandi, Vasily Dorofeyevich yashakaga kurongora urubyaro rwe bityo akisanga rwihishwa umugeni. Amaze kumenya igitekerezo cya Data, Lomonosov yafashe amayeri: Umusore wihute mu buriri akigira akarwara, bityo umuhango wubukwe wagombaga gusubikwa kugeza "gukira".
Imitwaro y'ubuzima, Lomonosov, ntabwo itekereza, gukusanya ibintu (amashati abiri, tulup n'ibitabo byinshi), gutegereza ijoro, cyangwa se, bitandukanya rwihishwa mu nzu. Ku munsi wa gatatu w'urugendo, mu Kuboza 1730, umusore afata Karavan asaba abarobyi uruhushya rwo kujya mu nzira ya kure. Ibyumweru bitatu byo kuzerera ku rubura, muri Mutarama 1731, Mikhail Vasilyevich yageze mu murwa mukuru. Intera iherereye mu mudugudu we kavukire ugana ku mutima w'Uburusiya ni km 1160.
Mu bahanga kugeza na n'ubu hari amakimbirane, kubera ko bamwe bizeye ko umusore w'imyaka 19 atashoboraga gutsinda intera nk'izo n'amaguru, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba. Ariko, kuba Lomonosov yagendanaga ninzira yo kuroba bivuze ko umusore yakunze kuruhuka kumagare no gutembera. Dukurikije iyindi verisiyo, Mikhail Vasilyevich yakoze igice gikomeye cyinzira yerekeye ifarashi. Lomontov yashakaga kuba umunyeshuri wishuri rya Glavenic-Ikigereki-Ikigereki rero, kugirango atange igitekerezo, yahimbye inyandiko, atangira gusubika urubyaro rwa Holmogorsk Nobleman.
Mikhail Vasilyevich yagumye mu kigo cy'uburezi imyaka itanu, muri kiriya gihe yize Ikilatini, ibitabo bya tewolojiya kandi yahuye na "noneho". Dukurikije ibihuru by'umuhanga, abanyeshuri bagenzi bacu bishimye mu ishuri, nk'uko Lomonosov yambaye nabi (yanyuzwe na Altyma umwe ku munsi). Mu 1735, Mikhail Vasilyevich yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg ku ishuri ry'ubumenyi, aho abaganga babigizemo uruhare, bakagerageza kwishora mu bisigo.
Nyuma yumwaka, muri Werurwe, Mikhail Vasilievich nabandi bantu cumi na babiri bashoboye muri Kaminuza bafatiye ku ishuri ry'ubumenyi bwa siyansi boherejwe kwiga mu Burayi. Abanyamahanga Lomonov baguma imyaka itanu, ariko abasore bahoraga bahura na kavukire. Ikigo cy'amashuri cyatinze kohereza amafaranga, abanyeshuri benshi bagombaga kubaho mu madeni. Mu ikubitiro, Mikhail Vasilyevich yize i Marburg, ariko rero yimukira i Freiberg (Ubudage).
Ngaho, Lomonosov yahuye numujyanama we Gekel, watoje umunyeshuri wa Metallurgie no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Mu 1739, amakimbirane yaturutse hagati ya Mikhail Vasilyevich na Minnerolog I. Genkel. Gutsitara kwari kwanga umuhanga ukiri muto gukora umushinga. Voltage hagati ya mwarimu n'abanyeshuri yakuze ku muvuduko w'Umucyo, byaje ko Johann yanze guha "amafaranga yatanzwe" kubirimo. Mu myaka 1740, Mikhail Vasilyevich, gufata uburemere bwahumekewe hamwe na Gisks, inshuro imwe kandi iteka ryose kuva i Freiberg.
Siyanse n'Ubuvanganzo
Bikomoka ku buryo Mikhail Vasilyevich ntabwo yari afite ubwenge buhebuje, ahubwo yanagaragaje imyifatire idahwitse ndetse no mu mutwe: yinjiye mu ibanga ry'isi n'ijuru ry'imbaraga z'imbaraga zibitekerezo no kunywa, igihe cyagenwe. Byongeye kandi, biratangaje kuba umunyabwenge buhebuje muri ubwo buturere ubwo aribwo bwose, yaba ibintu bifatika, guhindura imiti, cyangwa guhuza imigozi mu gisigo.
Byongeye kandi, abasizi bakomeye, nka Alexander Fushkin na Vosily Zhukovsky, na "Ode ku munsi wa Edeni ku Ntebe ye y'u Burusiya Eyesre ya Enye Beasen ku byo yaremye ya Lomontov.
Izwi cyane ko Mikhail Vasilyevich yatangiye kwibanda cyane kwiga siyanse mu 1737-1738. Icyemezo cyo gutsinda mu gusobanukirwa siyanse karemano nubuzima bwuzuye, umurimo wa Lomontov wabaye umunyeshuri ukiri muto, witwa "ku guhinduka mu mazi ari imbere," aho umuhanga yabonaga ko amazi asanzwe atera imbere Ibihugu. Kandi kubera impamyabumenyi "ku byuma Bweri Mosiya", Mikhail Vasilyevich mu 1745 ahabwa umutwe w'imyandikire. Nyuma yo kwakira umutwe muri siyanse ya Lomonosov yabaye umunyacyubahiro.
Birakwiye kuvuga ko ibisubizo byabonetse mugihe cyubushakashatsi bwumuhanga kandi bwumubiri bwatandukanijwe nukuri, Mikhail Vasilyevich yabeshye mu myanzuro ye. Ibikorwa bye bya siyansi byafashaga abo mu gihe cya Alchemy na filozofiya karemano muburyo bugezweho bwa siyanse karemano. Yateguye urufatiro rw'igitekerezo cya Kinetic cya Sisetique cya CASE, yafunguye itegeko ryo kubungabunga ingufu, asobanurira ibanga ry'ibarura n'amatara yo mu majyaruguru, bikora ibirahuri by'amazu, bikora ibirahuri by'amabara, akorerwa isesengura ry'imiti. Niwe wazanye urufatiro rwo kuba chimie yumubiri.
Mikhail Vasilyevich, ashyigikira imirimo ya Copernic, yakundaga kwiga astrononie: Umuhanga ufite impano yabaye ikiruhuko cya Venis, afite kandi urugendo rw'ingendo nyinshi kandi atezimbere telesikopi yerekana (sisitemu ya lomonov-herchel). Nanone, Umutingi wabaye umwe mu bagaragu ba mbere ba siyansi, ukeka ko inyenyeri yitwa Sunball nini, kuko "hari shafts ziharanira kuzunguruka, umuyaga, nk'amazi, ubyitesha."
Mubindi bintu, Lomonosov yerekanye ibitekerezo bishya mururimi rwikirusiya (horizon, gutunganya imirasire, atome, ibihangano, nibindi byagenwe byagenwe mumagambo yikilatini atumvikana kuri abantu. Lomontov yakoreshejwe cyane ku gihe bimwe mu bikorwa bye bimwe byasohowe nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuhanga gusa nyuma y'urupfu, kuko, mu buzima bwa Mikhail Vasilyevich, ntibashyizwe mu binyejana byinshi.
Umuhanga amaze kwandikira inshuti ye ibaruwa Alexander Shuvalov, wari umuturage wa Elizabeti Petrovna na Peter waii yahoze ari aii. Muri iyo nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki, Mikhail Vasilyevich bavuze ku bijyanye no kubungabunga no kubyara kw'abarusiya. Ariko ndetse numuntu wize, nka Alexander Ivanovich, yahisemo guhisha ubutumwa bwa Lomonosov munsi ya Sukno, amugumane mumaso yabaturage.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuva mu gihe cy'izuba cya 1736, Lomonosov yatangiye gukodesha icyumba kiva mu mupfakazi wa Marburg Srewwood. Hariho kandi umukobwa wimyaka 19 ya nyirayo - Elizabeth tsilch, wari utegereje abana kuva muri Mikhail Vasilyevich. Bakundwa yashakanye ku ya 26 Gicurasi 1740 i Marburg. Umukobwa wa mbere wumuhanga Ekaterina-Elizabeth yavutse kubera ishyingiranwa, yafatwaga rero. Umukobwa yapfuye mu 1743.
Ku ya 22 Ukuboza 1741, Mikhail Lomonosov yongera kuba Data. Umugore aha umugaragu wa siyansi w'Umwana, witwaga Ivan. Mu 1742, umuhungu wumwaka na we yarapfuye. Mu 1749, umukobwa wa elena yavukiye mumuryango wa Lomonosov, wabaye umwana wenyine warokotse. Rero, Mikhail Vasilyevich ntabwo yasize ababakomokaho bashoboraga gukomeza gushyiraho Lomonosov (umuhanga nta bahungu yari afite).
Urupfu
Umuhanga ukomeye wapfuye 4 (15) Mata 1765 ku mwaka wa 54 w'ubuzima. Impamvu y'urupfu ni ugutwika ibihaha. Umwaka ukurikira, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Minisitiri w'Ubumenyi, igitabo "Amateka y'Uburusiya kuva mu ntangiriro z'abaturage b'Abarusiya mbere y'urupfu rwa rukuru rwa mbere cyangwa kugeza 1054" rwashyizwe ahagaragara mu gitabo cya mbere. Umubumbe wa kabiri wa Lomontosov ntabwo ufite umwanya wo kwandika.
Birazwi ko iyo Mikhail Vasilyevich atabaye, grigory orlov (kuri gahunda ya Catherine II) yashyizeho ikimenyetso kurindikishijwe intoki byabitswe na Lomonosov. Nyuma, isomero hamwe nimpapuro zumuhanga zatwarwaga ibwami kandi vuba Kanuli mu isazi. Dukurikije ibihuha, begereye imbaraga zagize ubwoba ko inyandiko za Lomonov "zizagwa mu maboko y'amaboko." Imva y'ubwenge iherereye mu irimbi rya Lazarevsky.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Umunyamakuru Dmitry Semushin yizeye ko umubyeyi w'umuhanga atakoze mu kugenda, kandi afite umuyoboro wa pisine - umugani mwiza gusa. Ikigaragara ni uko mu nyandiko zabigenewe zifite amakuru ajyanye na se wa Lomonosov, bivugwa ko umutware w'umuryango yari umuhinzi wa paruwasi ya Kuroostrovskaya na DVIGNIN, kandi nta jambo na rimwe rivuga kuri iyi pume ziri muri ubu bufasha. Ubuzima bw'umuhanga bwanditse umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Uburusiya Vladimir Ivanovich Lamani, waturutse kuri Lomonosov umuhungu w'umucuruzi w'amafi, kandi umurimo we wagize ingaruka ku "lomontov".
- Mikhail Vasilyevich abo mu gihe cyavuze ko umuhanga yagize uburakari bukabije. Amaze no kwinjira muri gereza kubera Deba wasinze Deba.
- Kuri Odu, usingiza Elizabeth Petrovna, umuhanga yakiriye amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri nk'igihembo. Nibyo, mugihe cyo gutanga amafaranga, hari ibiceri byumwami hari ibiceri byumwami gusa, nuko Mikhail Afanasyevich yagombaga gukodesha amagare abiri kugirango amenye amafaranga.
- Mu Budage, Mikhail Vasilyevich yahuye n'umusore w'abana na peorg na Richman, wagaragaje ko ashishikajwe n'imirimo y'Umuhanga. Mu kwitabira umwe mubushakashatsi, Jeorji yapfuye azize umurabyo.
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro umuhanga mu 1986, Urukurikirane rwa Mihailo Lomonov rwarekuwe.
- Mikhail Vasilyevich yabaye uwashinze Kaminuza, iherereye i Moscou (kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou).