Ubuzima
Inama y'Ubufaransa Monarch Louis XIV yitwa ibikomeye, cyangwa igihe cya zahabu. Ubuzima bwumwami izuba rya kabiri bigizwe nimigani. Umuterankunga wemeza neza ALCLOUTINS na Inkomoko y'Imana y'abami, yinjiye mu nkuru nk'umwanditsi w'interuro"Leta ni njye!".Inyandiko y'igihe umwami yagumye ku ntebe y'ubwami - imyaka 72 - ntabwo yatsinze umwami w'uburayi: gusa ibice by'abami b'Abaroma byabereye igihe kirekire.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Kugaragara kw'igufu, umuragwa w'ubwoko bwa Bourbon, mu minsi ya mbere yo ku ya 16338 Nzeri, abantu bahuye no kubora. Abayobozi b'ingabo - Louis XIII na Anna Otirishiya - bategereje iki gikorwa cy'imyaka 22, ishyingiranwa ryose ryakomeje kubabyaye. Ivuka ry'umwana, usibye umuhungu, Abafaransa babonaga nk'ubuntu hejuru, hamagara Dofina Louis Squolne (Bogodhan).
Licacy yigihugu nibyishimo byababyeyi ntabwo yashimishije ubwana. Se wa se yapfuye afite imyaka 5, Mama na nyina bimukiye mu ngoro cya cyami, mbere y'ingoro ya Richelie. Umuragwa ku ntebe yiyongera mu kirere cy'indwara: Cardinal Mazarini - akundwa na guverinoma - yakuye imbaraga, harimo n'ubuyobozi bw'ububiko, kuri we. Umwana muto w'umupadiri w'ingenzi atitondaga: Umuhungu ntagaragazaga amafaranga yo kwidagadura no kwiga, Louis-Louins yabyaye imyenda ibiri hamwe na pakeyine.
Mazarini yasobanuye ikirango c'intambara y'abenegihugu - ikonjesha. Mu ntangiriro za 1649, guhungira mu nyeshyamba, umuryango w'abami wavuye i Paris utura mu gihugu mu birometero 19 uvuye ku murwa mukuru. Nyuma, yagize ubwoba no kwamburwa byahinduwe nurukundo rwa Louis XIV kuburyo imbaraga zuzuye kandi zitaringaniye.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, abafite ibibazo, imvururu zamanutse, warokotse umurizadali yasubiye kubutegetsi. Brazda wa Leta ya Leta ntabwo yatangaga kugeza apfuye, nubwo Louis yafatwaga nkaho yahujwe cyane kuva 1643: wabaye umutware w'imyaka itanu, umubyeyi yatakaje imbaraga ku bushake bwa Mazarini.
Mu mpera za 1659, intambara hagati y'Ubufaransa na Espagne barangiye. Amasezerano ya Pyrenean yasinywe yazanye isi yazanye ubukwe bwa Louis XIV n'umwamikazi wa Espagne Maria Teresia. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umukaridinali yarapfuye, na Louis Xiv yakuye umunyaburinda mu ntoki. Unimero y'amagorofa 23 yakuyeho umwanya wa minisitiri wa mbere, yateraniye inama ya Leta atangaza ati:
"Utekereza ko banyajejwe ko leta uriho? Leta ni njye. "Louis XIv yasobanuye neza ko guhera kuri uyu mwanya atigeze ashaka kugabana ubutegetsi. Ndetse na nyina, kugeza vuba aha, Louis yagize ubwoba, aho hantu hagaragajwe.
Gutangira Ubuyobozi
Mbere, umuyaga kandi ukunda ingendo za Jolly na Dofegen gutungurwaga ikinyabupfura kumenya no kuba abayobozi bafite intego. Louis yujuje icyuho mu burezi - mbere ntabwo yashoboye gusoma no kwandika. Kuva muri kamere, ushyira mu gaciro, umusore w'abahemire yibagirwa ikibazo cy'ikibazo arabikemura.
Louis yagaragaye neza kandi muri make, ibibazo bya Leta byatangaye igihe cyose, ariko kwiyemera n'ubwibone bw'umwami byari byinshi. Amazu yose ya cyami asa nkaho yiyoroshya cyane, nuko umwami 1662 izuba ryahinduye inzu yo guhiga muri Verismes, Ingoro yimbere ya Paris, ibwami Imyaka 50 kuri gahunda yayo yari 12-14% byakoreshejwe ngarukamwaka.
Imyaka makumyabiri yambere yingoma yamijeme yabaga i Louvre, hanyuma mu turere. Igice cya Gakonisle Versailles cyabaye icumu rya Louis XIV muri 1682. Nyuma yo kwimukira kuri ensemble louis mu Burayi, mu murwa mukuru habaye urugendo rugufi.
Ubwiza bwamazu bwa cyami bwasunitse Louis kugirango ashyireho amategeko menshi yikivanyi bireba ndetse nudusobanuzi duto. Kubabaza inyota, Louis yanyoye ikirahuri cy'amazi cyangwa divayi, basabwaga. Igihe ifunguro ryacecetse ku meza, gusa umwami yari yicaye, intebe ntiyasabwe no kubanyacyubahiro. Nyuma yo kurya, Louis yateraniye na minisitiri n'abayobozi, kandi niba arwaye, Inama Njyanama yatumiye byimazeyo umuriro wa cyami.
Nimugoroba, Verisailles yafunguwe kugirango yishimishe. Abashyitsi barabyinnye, bavuwe n'amasahani meza, bakina amakarita Louis yariganye. Salons y'ingoro yahamagawe, ukurikije ibikoresho. Indorerwamo nziza cyane yari ifite uburebure bwa metero 72 z'ubugari no mu bugari bwa 10. Marble y'amabara, indorerwamo ziva hasi kugeza ku gisenge cyakambishijwe icyumba cya Gildelabra na Zhilandole, bihatira ibikoresho bya feza n'amabuye y'ifeza n'amabuye Imitako ya banyarwanda na cavaliers gutwika umuriro.
Hamwe n'urukiko rw'umwami, abanditsi n'abahanzi bakoresheje ubutoni. Muri Versailles, ibisekuruza n'ibicura bya Moliere, Jean Racina na Pierre cornel. Masquerade yateguwe mu ngoro mu ngoro, no mu cyi mpeshyi maze jelly yagiye mu mudugudu wa Trianon yifatanije n'ubusitani bwa Versaillen. Mu gicuku, Louis, kugaburira imbwa, yagiye mu ndabyo, aho yagiye kuryama nyuma y'imihango miremire n'imihango icumi.
Politiki yo mu rugo
Louis Xiv yari azi gufata minisitiri n'abayobozi bashoboye. Minisitiri w'imari, Jean-Batist Colber yashimangiye imibereho y'icyiciro cya gatatu. Hamwe nayo, ubucuruzi n'inganda byateye imbere, bifunga amato. Marquis de Luvua avuguruye ingabo, na Marshal na Monideri ya Gisirikare Marquis de Ijwi ryubatse ibihome byahindutse umurage wa UNESCO. Kubara de Tunner - Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare - wabaye umunyapolitiki mwiza na diplomate.
Imicungire ya Leta iyobowe na leta 14 yakorewe inama 7. Abayobozi b'Intara yashyizeho Louis. Bashyigikiye ibintu mu kurwanya kwitegura kubera intambara, byateje imbere ubutabera buboneye kandi bufata abantu mu kumvira umwami.
Imijyi igenerwa ibigo cyangwa inama zigizwe na BURGOMOSTRAY. Uburemere bwa sisitemu yimari bwari ku bitugu bya Bourgeois ntoya no ku bahinzi, byatumye habura inshuro nyinshi ko abiziritseho. Umutego Wumuyaga wateje intangiriro yumusoro ku mpapuro zerekana ibirango, niyo ngaruka zatewe muri Brittany no mu burengerazuba bwa Leta.
Hamwe na Louis XIV yafashe kode yubucuruzi (orconance). Mu rwego rwo gukumira abimukira, basohoye iryo tegeko, nk'uko bivuga ko wari waravuye mu gihugu, umutungo watowe, kandi abo baturage bakoreraga abanyamahanga, igihano cy'urupfu cyari gitegereje mu rugo.
Imyanya ya guverinoma ku mwami izuba yaragurishijwe iragwa. Mu myaka itanu ishize, ingoma ya Louis i Paris yagurishijwe imyanya ibihumbi 2.5 mu rwego rwa miliyoni 77 Livra. Kuva mu isanduku, abayobozi ntibishyuye - babayeho mu buryo bw'imisoro. Kurugero, Maneli yakiriye inshingano kuri buri ndogobe ya barrel - yagurishijwe cyangwa yaguzwe.
Amazekwa - Abahuza by'Umwami - bahinduye Louis mu gikoresho cy'abagatolika. Ibigo - Huguenot - Yatoranijwe insengero, bararabujijwe kubatiza abana no kurongora. Gushyingirwa hagati abagatolika n'abaporotesitanti barabujijwe. Ibitotezo by'amadini byatumye abaporotesitanti 200 bimukiye mu Bwongereza n'Ubudage.
Politiki y'Ububanyi n'amahanga
Hamwe na Louis france yarwanye cyane kandi yarwanye neza. Mu 1667-68, ingabo za Louis zafashe Flanders. Nyuma yimyaka 4, intambara yatangiye hamwe nubutaka buturanye, kubufasha Espagne Espagne na Danemark yihuta. Bidatinze, Abadage bifatanya nabo. Ariko ihuriro ryatakaye, kandi Ubufaransa bwimuye alsace, ibihugu byo muri Lorraine n'ibihugu by'Ububiligi.
Kuva 1688, urukurikirane rw'intsinzi ya gisirikare ibaye yoroheje. Otirishiya, Suwede, Ubuholandi na Espagne, bifatanije n'Ubudage, bunze ubumwe muri Shampiyona ya Augsburg barwanya Ubufaransa.
Mu 1692, mu cyambu cya Cherbourg, ingabo za Doudari zashenye amato y'igifaransa. Ku butaka, Louis yatsinzwe, ariko intambara yasabye amafaranga menshi kandi menshi. Abahinzi basubitswe kurengera imisoro mu misoro, ibikoresho bya feza biva kuri Versailles byagiye ku buntu. Umwami wasabye amahoro akomeza kumvikana: Yagarutse Savoy, Luxembourg na Cataloniya. Yigenga yabaye Lorraine.
Umunaniro mwinshi ni intambara ya Louis ku murage wo muri Espagne mu 1701. Kurwanya Abafaransa bongeye guhuza Ubwongereza, Otirishiya no mu Buholandi. Mu 1707, abafatanyabikorwa, banyura muri Alpes, bateye nyirubwite rwakorewe 40.000. Kugira ngo abone amafaranga y'intambara, amasahani ya zahabu yoherejwe ku mukozango uvuye mu ngoro, inzara yatangiriye mu gihugu. Ariko imbaraga z'abafatanyabikorwa zumye, kandi mu 1713 Abafaransa basinyanye isi ya Veccht hamwe n'abongereza, kandi nyuma y'umwaka i Riesstengeye - hamwe na Amustrans.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Louis XIv - umwami, wagerageje kurongora urukundo. Ariko mu ndirimbo y'amagambo ntazajugunya - ntabwo ari imbaraga z'abami. Louis w'imyaka 20 yakundanye na mwishywa w'imyaka 18 Maridinali Mazarini, umukobwa wize Maria Mancini. Ariko uburyo bwo muri politiki bwasabwaga mu Bufaransa no gusoza isi hamwe na Espagneards, bishobora gukoperakwa na bisi yo gushyingirwa ya Louis hamwe na Canaria Teresia.
Ubusa bwasenze Louis Umwamikazi Umwamikazi Umwamikazi na Kaririyedi kugirango wemere gufata umugore wa Maria - yahatiwe kurongora icyesipanyoli kidakunzwe. Maria yashakanye n'umuganwa w'Ubutaliyani, kandi i Paris yubukwe bwa Louis na Maria Teresisa. Ariko kugira ngo ukomeze kuba indahemuka ku mwashakanye waw'umubyaka udashobora guhatira umuntu - urutonde rw'abagore ba Louis XIV, uwo yari afite ibitabo, birashimishije cyane.
Bidatinze, nyuma yo gushyingirwa, Umwami w'imiterere yabonye uwo bashakanye, Duke wa Orleans, - Henrietta. Gufata amakenga wenyine, umudamu wubatse yatangije Louis hamwe na Freillan w'imyaka 17. Blonde Louise de la Walter Khromala, ariko yari Mila na nka Lovist Louis. Umuroma w'imyaka itandatu hamwe na Louise yambitswe ikamba ry'urubyaro enye, muri bo, umuhungu n'umukobwa babayeho mu bukure. Mu 1667, umwami yakuwe i Louise, amuha izina rya Duchess.
Gishya Gukundwa - Marquis de Mntieting - yagaragaye ko ari ikinyuranyo cya La Walter: Umukungugu Brunette hamwe na Live hamwe na Louis XIV 16. Yarebye mu ntoki ku maringa ya Louis ukunda. Indwara zombi za Marquise zabyaye Louis ku mwana, ariko Monstespa yari azi ko ikunda rizamurwa kuri we yamuhaye uwamuhaye abana umunani (yarokotse bane).
Martespan itangwa mu bahanganye, babaye guverinoma y'abana be - umupfakazi w'umusizi wa Skarron, Marquis de Mrenthenon. Umugore wize yashimishijwe na Louis ubwenge bukabije. Yaganiriye na we amasaha menshi abona umunsi umwe udafite menquis mentenon ababaje. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore wa Maria Teresiya, Louis XIV yashakanye na Metton kandi arahinduka: Umuryango wabaye umunyedini, nta kindi kibaho kuva kera.
Urupfu
Mu mpeshyi yo ku ya 1711, umuhungu wa Monarkorck yapfuye azize mu kito gito - Dofe Louis. Umuragwa ku ntebe y'ubwami yatangaje umuhungu we - Duke wa Burgund, umwuzukuru w'umwami izuba, ariko yapfuye mu mwaka kuva afite umuriro. Umwana usigaye na sogokuru-mukuru wa Louis Xiv - yarazwe umutwe wa Dofina, ariko ararwara umutuku, arapfa. Mbere, Louis yahaye izina rya Bourbon kugeza abahungu babiri, yabyaye kubera gushyingirwa de Monstespan. Mu Isezerano, bari baraba baraba baraba barabasebe ingoma.
Urukurikirane rw'abana, abuzukuru n'abakuru batesheje agaciro ubuzima bwa Louis. Umuryango wacitse intege kandi ubabaye, wabuze inyungu za leta, yashoboraga kuryama mu buriri na drachlel umunsi wose. Kugwa mu ifarashi mugihe cyo guhiga kwari umwami wimyaka 77: Louis yangije ukuguru, Gangrena yatangiye. Byatanzwe nabaganga kubaga - Gucishwagurika - byanze. Monarch yakoze amabwiriza yanyuma mu mpera ya Kanama apfa ku ya 1 Nzeri.
Iminsi 8 hamwe na Louis yavuye kuri Louis yavuye muri Versailles, kugeza ku induru akomeje kujyanwa muri basilica ya Saint-Denis Abbey, ashyingurwa ku migenzo Gatolika. Igihe cyinama ya Louis XIV yarangiye. Umwami Izuba Riramye Amategeko yimyaka 72 n'iminsi 110.
Kwibuka
Kubijyanye nibihe byimyaka myinshi yakuweho firime imwe. Iya mbere - "mask y'icyuma" yayobowe na Allan Doon - yavuye mu 1929. Muri 1998, Louis XIV muri kaseti ya Adventure "MUNSI MUNSI W'Icyuma" yakinnye Leonardo di Caprio. Nk'uko bya film, Ubufaransa ntabwo bwahawe iterambere, ariko umuvandimwe w'impanga, wayigaruriye ingoma.Muri 2015, urukurikirane rwa TV-Kanada "Urukurikirane rw'Abafaransa" Versailles "ku ngoma ya Louis no kubaka ingoro yaje kuri ecran. Igihembwe cya kabiri cy'umushinga wasohotse mu mpeshyi ya 2017, hejuru y'umwaka yatangiye kurasa icya gatatu.
Inyandiko nyinshi zanditswe kuri Louis. Biografiya ye yahumekewe gukora ibitabo na Alexander Duma, Ann na Serzh Golon, Juliette Benzoni.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Nk'uko umugani, umubyeyi w'umwamikazi yibarutse impanga, kandi Louis 14 yari afite umuvandimwe yihishe ava mu matsiko munsi ya mask. Abahanga mu by'amateka ntabwo bemeza ko haboneka umuvandimwe w'impanga muri Louis, ariko ntukange byimazeyo. Umwami ashobora guhisha mwenenda kugirango yirinde amayeri kandi adatangira guhangayikishwa muri sosiyete.
- Umwami yari afite murumunawe - Filipo Orleans. Dofin ntabwo yiharaniraga kwicara ku ntebe, guhaza uko ibintu byari bimeze mu rukiko. Abavandimwe bimukirana, Filipo yiswe Louis "Papa muto."
- Kubijyanye nubujurire bwa Rabalaziya Louis XIV Icyubahiro Cyicyubahiro: Umwami umwe mu mwijima kurya ibintu byinshi nkuko babonaga ifunguro rya sasita. No nijoro, Vamdiner yazanye umwami ibiryo.
- Nukuvuga ko, usibye ubuzima bwiza, impamvu zo kurya cyane Louis yari ifite byinshi. Umwe muri bo - mu mubiri wa cyami yabayeho inyo ya rubbon (urunigi), Louis rero yumye "kuri we na uwo musore." Ibimenyetso byabitswe muri raporo z'abanyacyubahiro.
- Abaganga bo mu kinyejana cya 17 bizeraga ko amara meza ari amara yuzuye, bityo Louis yarihombwe. Ntabwo bitangaje kuba umwami w'izuba yitabiriye mu bwiherero kuva kumyaka 14 kugeza 18 kumunsi, indwara yibyishimo na gaze byahoreye ibintu bisanzwe.
- Umuganga wa dentist Daca yizeraga ko nta banduye banduye kuruta amenyo yangiritse. Kubwibyo, yakuyeho amenyo ku mwami w'ikiboko adahabwa kugeza imyaka 40 mu kanwa ka Louis nta kintu na kimwe yasize. Kuraho amenyo yo hepfo, umuganga yamennye umwami urwanira, kandi akimuke hejuru, akuramo agace k'ijuru, kubera ko Louis yari afite umwobo. Kubwintego yo kwanduza Daka yakusanyije ikirere gishyushye inkoni ishyushye.
- Ku rukiko rwa parufe na Louis hamwe n'ifu ya aromatique yakoreshejwe mu buryo bunini. Ibitekerezo by'isuku mu kinyejana cya 17 byari bitandukanye nubu: Ingeso yoza abatware na Chelyadi ntabwo yari. Ariko umunuko, uturuka i Louis, yabaye umugani mu mijyi. Imwe mu mpamvu ni ibiryo bidasanzwe, bigume mu mwobo wa dentiste mu kirere cy'umwami.
- Enarickrordh. Muri Versailles n'ahandi, Louis yabaraga ibitanda 500, mu wambara imyenda ya Wardrobe hari igare ry'igihumbi, na Lours mirongo ine yakosowe kuri Louis.
- Louis XIv yitirirwa umwanditsi w'inkombe ku gatsinsino hamwe n'umutuku wahindutse prototype n'umugozi wa Sergey "Labun". 10-santimetero inkweto yongeyeho umwami (metero 1.63) Gukura.
- Umwami w'izuba yinjiye mu nkuru nk'inkomoko nini (Grand Maniere), biranga ihuriro rya Classicism na Baroque. Ibikoresho byo mu ngoro mu buryo bwa Louis XIV bikaba bikwirakwiriyemo ibintu by'ishushanya, insanganyamatsiko, imizi.