Ubuzima
Umwanditsi w'Uburusiya, Umusizi, Umusemuzi Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky yavutse ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1783. Icyamamare cyaje ku Muremyi ashimira ibisobanuro n'imigani "yo gusinzira kwa Tsar Berenne". "
Kubyerekeye kuvuka kwa Zhukovsky Vhukovsky araryamye. Birazwi ko ababyeyi b'umwanditsi bafite impano bari major ya kabiri na nyir'ubutaka bwa Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin na Tunaska Salha, nyuma yo kubatizwa Elizabeth Dementievna TURCHInov. Mu mateka yerekanwe ko yavuze ko umugabo yashakanye na Maria Grigorievna Bunina. Ariko ubumwe ntibuzana umuragwa kuri nyir'ubutaka. Iyi niyo mpamvu yatumye inshoreke ya Tolcaninov. Umukobwa yerekanye umuhungu wifuza bunin.
Andrei Grigorievich Zhukovsky yareze umuhungu, nubwo ari mu gikari bari bazi se uhindagurika. Steph yakomokaga kuri ba nyir'ubutaka bwa Kiev. Umuhanga mu by'amateka w'ivanga I. YISTKY yizera ko ibintu bimeze no kuvuka kwa sahiir byari bigoye cyane, aho kwifotoza mu buzima bw'umwanditsi.
Ku myaka ya 2, mu buryo buhebuje, abisabwe na se Bunin, yabaye Serija w'ikigo gikomeye cya Astrakhan Gusar. Nyuma yimyaka 4, yatangaje ko itangwa rya Zhukovsky Nshya - Pernign. Nyuma gato yumusirikare ukiri muto, yirukanwe. Mu 1789, mwarimu Ekim Ivanovich ageze kumuhungu. Kubwamahirwe, ubuhanga bwa Pedagogi bukwiye bwabadage ntabwo bwari ubwabwo bwafashe se Andrei Zhukovsky.
Umwaka umwe, umuryango wa Bunin wimuka kuri tula. Abigisha ba Pokrovsky baratumiwe ako kanya kuri Vasilia. Umwarimu muri kiriya gihe yumvise umwanditsi n'umufana wa Classisism. Ariko imico ituje ya Zhukovsky yateje ko Pokrovsky yanze gukorana numusore. Padiri Vasily Umwarimu yavuze ko impano yumusore adahari, ntabwo rero mumahugurwa.
Umurage wa Athanasius Bunin Nyuma y'urupfu rwe. Zhukovsky yabonye amafaranga 10,000. Muri icyo gihe, byari umubare munini. Undi mwaka nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, yasuye buhoro buhoro ishuri ry'amatame, hanyuma atera ibizamini kugira ngo yinjire mu ishuri ryabantu. Nyuma y'amezi make yo kwiga mu kigo cya Zhukovsky, birukana kugirango badashobora kumvikana siyanse.
Gufata neza kwimukira muri bashiki bacu pivot varvar yushkova. Ku ifasi ya manor yumukobwa ukiri muto yari iherereye mu rugo. Hano Zhukovsky yasanze bwa mbere ko ashaka kuba umukinnyi wikinyiki. Mu 1794, umwanditsi akora ibyago byambere kumugambi wa plutach "bikangure, cyangwa rome yo kubohoza". Nyuma, melodrama igaragara mu ikaramu y'ukuri, ishingiye ku gitabo "Pawulo na Virijiniya".
Amashuri yo murugo ntashobora guha ubumenyi bukenewe Zhukovsky, nuko rero incamake mushikiwabo asobanura neza pansiyo ya kaminuza ya Moscou. Ku kizamini, umusizi yerekanye urwego rwo hejuru rwubuyobozi bwigifaransa n'indimi z'Abadage. Ishuri ryindege ryatanze ubumenyi bwubuvanganzo. Muri kaminuza ya Zhukovsky yagize inshuti na Andrey Turgenev. Umusore yagize uruhare runini mundi mirimo yumwanditsi. Mu rugo rw'abashyitsi, Vasily Andreevich yandika ibisigo byambere, harimo mugitondo cyingenzi.
Ubuvanganzo
Inzira yo guhanga ya Vosily Zhukovsky yari amahwa kandi ntabwo byoroshye. Ngwino ubuzima bwibisigo cyangwa prose umwanditsi ntiyabishobora, nuko yafashwe kugirango ahindurwe. Impano ya Zhukovsky kuri uyu murima yashimiwe cyane nuko abo mu gihe, harimo na platon beketov, nyir'inzu nini yo gucapa. Tugarutse mu nzu y'abashyitsi wa kaminuza ya Moscow, Vasily Andreevich yahuye na Nikolai Karamzin, wabaye umwarimu n'umujyanama kuri Zhukovsky imyaka myinshi.
Ivugurura ry'ururimi rw'ubuvanganzo bw'Ubuvanganzo dusuzumye inshingano ze zo kunegura umurimo w'ikibuga. Ariko Karamzin ntiyabyibagiwe kubyerekeye ishimwe. Umwarimu burigihe yanditseho amakuru yatsinze no kubimenyeshwa byakoreshejwe na Zhukovsky mubikorwa. Kuva ku ya 1808 kugeza 1820, umusizi yari mushakisha urukundo.
Ibi bigaragarira mu misekuruza y'igihe, urugero i Luddila. Igishimishije, akazi nuburyo bwo guhindura umusizi wUbudage G. A. Burger. I Lydimila, Zhukovsky agaragaza imyumvire y'amagambo yariho mubuzima bwe.
Imyaka 4 yafashe Andreevich Vasily Andreevich yo gukora Svetlana ballad. Igisigo gishingiye ku mpamvu, cyakozwe na G. A. Burger. Akazi gatandukanye na ludmila twishimye no kwishimisha. Inshuti Zhukovsky A.. Fushkin yashimye cyane umurimo wa Shebuja.
Igice kidasubirwaho cyubuzima, Vosily Zhukovsky yagumye ari impinduro. Umusizi yari afite impano karemano yemereye guhindura ibisigo byiza, imisekuruza yubuvanganzo bwisi. Vasily Andreevich yerekanye byimazeyo neza Ubudage bukabije kandi banyurira amarozi yumusigo na I. Goethe "ishyamba tsar" mugihe cyo guhindura Ikirusiya.
Zhukovsky yakundaga kurema, rero umwanditsi akunze guhindura imirimo yabasizi bazwi, ariko icyarimwe ntiyibagiwe umurimo we. Mu 1822, Andreevich Vreevich atangiza societu yo muri Elegy, yaremwe mu mwuka w'urukundo, "inyanja". Umwanditsi yahamagaye ko yishimiye ubwiza buzengurutse abantu. Nyuma, Zhukovsky yatangiye guhindura Ballads "Igikombe" cyakozwe na I. Schiller. Umusemuzi yakoraga ku mirimo y'imyaka 6. Muri iyo minsi, ntibyari bikenewe kongera kuvugurura bisanzwe - byari bihagije gutanga ibisobanuro, ibyiyumvo, amarangamutima yimirimo.
Rimwe na rimwe, Vosily Zhukovsky yafashije abana gusobanukirwa siyanse, harimo n'ubuvanganzo. Itumanaho rikomeye n'abahungu n'abakobwa bo mu bigo bitandukanye byasunitswe no kwandika imigani. Imyaka igera kuri 30 isabwa Zhukovsky kugirango irema imigani irindwi, kugeza uyumunsi gukomeza gukundwa nababantu bakuru nabana. Mu byo yaremye Andreevich "Umutuku Carbunul", "Umugani wa Tsar Berendei", "Igiti gisinziriye", "Injangwe mu nkweto", "Umugani w'ikibabi Impyisi ".
Mu migani, Zhukovsky yahisemo kujya mubushakashatsi bwiza. Umwanditsi yakoresheje imvugo igaragaza neza ururimi, yakinnye n'ibipimo by'imivugo. Vasily Andreevich yashimishijwe nibintu bidashoboka, amayobera kandi igice cyisi iteye ubwoba, yagaragaye cyane mubikorwa bya Tika, Novis na Hoffman. Ibi byagaragaye mu migani ya Zhukovsky.
Rimwe na rimwe, inyungu z'umwanditsi kugeza ku cyerekezo cy'igihugu cyavutse. Rurema yagerageje guhuza amayobera y'Abanyaburayi hamwe nabantu baho baho mubitabo byumugani. Umwaka umwe mbere yuko urupfu rwa Zhukovsky rwandika ibisigo bibiri byubumaji "injangwe n'ihene" n "inyoni". Umwanditsi weguriye umukobwa we n'umuhungu.
Umujyanama w'umuryango wa cyami
Vasily Amoreevich Zhukovsky igera kuri serivisi yumuryango wa cyami mu 1815. Mu myaka ibiri, umwanditsi yakoraga n'abayobozi ba nyina Fedorovna wa Mariya Fedorovna. Umwanditsi azakora imyaka 25 iri imbere muri serivisi y'urukiko. Ifoto yicyo gihe ntabwo yarokotse.
Mu 1817, Zhukovsky yinjiza mubikorwa bya Pedagogi. Mwarimu yigisha umugore we n'Ubuvanganzo Umugore we w'ikirusiya Nikolai - Alexander Fedorovna, nyuma amasomo y'umugore wa Andreevich umugore wa Mikhail Pavlovich Elena Pavlovna. Zhukovsky yaguye buhoro buhoro yaguye ku mwanganda ku isi, harimo na filozofiya, amateka, gahunda ya pedagog na Podagy na Theethetics.
Inararibonye, ubumenyi bwemereye Zhukovsky havamo urwego rwumwuga. Vasily Andreevich yashyizweho numujyanama wa Traarevich. Kuva icyo gihe, umwanditsi w'imigani, imivugo na ballad babaye umuyobozi w'abarezi n'abarimu bakorera mu muryango w'ibwami. Zhukovsky yamenye ko mu mwanya mushya ashobora "guteza icyiza."
Umwuga Umujyanama wa Cesarevich yasobanuye ko ari ihuriro n'umuhungu muto na leta nini, bityo umwarimu asoma no kongera gusoma ibitabo by'ubuhanzi, Pedagoge, filozofical. Amasomo ya mbere hamwe na Cesarevich yabaye mu kugwa kwa 1826. Muri iki gihe, Zhukovsky yateguye isomero ku muragwa ku ngoma akagira gahunda yo guhugura, gahunda y'umunsi, yemeye umwami.
Vasily Amoreevich yashubije ikibonezamvugo cy'Uburusiya, fiziki, amateka yumuntu, amateka na geografiya. Amasomo yayoboye abandi barimu ntabwo yari atabireba Zhukovsky. Umwanditsi yahaye ibyifuzo abarimu, uburyo bwiza bwo kwigisha umwe cyangwa ikindi kintu. Vasily Andreevich yashakaga kubona ku ntebe y'Ikirusiya Umwami wize, niko urukiko rwatumiye abahanga. Zhukovsky yari afite icyerekezo cyacyo cyumutegetsi uzaza. Cesarevich agomba guharanira uburezi, ariko ntibishoboka kwibagirwa imitekerereze.
Ati: "Aho umutegetsi akunda inyungu z'igihugu, aho kandi abantu bakunda ubutegetsi bw'umutegetsi."Mu myaka 12, umujyanama yatoje umuragwa ku ntebe y'ubwami, ari uko Cesiarevich yabaye abantu bakuru, bakorera ku mugaragaro ku mugaragaro mu rukiko kuba Zhukovsky barangiye. Kuburyo bwiza, igikomangoma Alegizandere yahawe impano ya mwarimu - "ingendo zuburezi". Umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza, hamwe na Zhukovsky, yagiye mu rugendo mu migi y'Uburusiya no mu bihugu by'Uburayi bwo mu Burengerazuba.
Vasily Andreevich yigenga yakoze inzira, mugihe cyurugendo Zesarevich yahuye na leta. Hagati aho, mu 1841, umubano wumwami na Zhukovsky birutse kugera kumupaka. Umwanditsi yahawe icyemezo ajya mu Budage.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka 56, Vasily Zhukovsky yabonanaga na Elizabeth Evgrafa w'imyaka 17 y'amavuko. Urebye, umwanditsi w'urukundo yakunze umukobwa muto, ariko Data wari inshuti ya Andreevich vasily Andreevich, yagaragaje ko yigaragambije ubukwe. Zhukovsky ntiyashakaga gusubira inyuma, nyuma y'umwaka wa nyuma atuma itangwa rya Elizabeti. Umutegarugori wuje urukundo yatanze igisubizo cyiza.
Mu 1841, umwanzuro w'ubumwe wabereye i Dusseldorf. Kubwamahirwe, ishyingiranwa ntiryari ryoroshye. Elizabeti yahoraga arwaye, yibasirwa no kumena ubwoba. Amakosa kenshi ntabwo yemereye inzozi za Zhukovsky kubyerekeye abana. Ariko umwaka nyuma yubukwe, umukobwa wa Alexander yagaragaye mumuryango. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umuhungu wa Pawulo. Kubera indwara z'uwo mwashakanye, umusaza yagombaga gufata imirimo yose azengurutse inzu no kureremba abana.
Abana ba Zhukovsky ntibabaye abanditsi. Alexander Vasilyevna yari agizwe nubukwe bwerekana ibikomangoma hamwe nabakomangoma Alexei Aleksandrovich, ariko nyuma yumwe wunze ubumwe. Zhukovskaya yamushyikirije umuhungu wenyine. Nyuma, umukobwa yashakanye na Bararona maze aba umunwa wa Verman.
Kubyerekeye pavel vasilyevich azi byinshi. Brush yumuhanzi azatangwa, ariko canvas ntabwo yari ishyaka ryonyine ryumuhungu Zhukovsky. Uyu mugabo yabaye uwatangije imitunganyirize y'ingoro ndangamurage ya Bellev Akanya, yateje imbere kubaka inzu ndangamurage y'ubwami muri Moscou.
Urupfu
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky kuva kera babaga i Baden-baden. Mu 1851, indwara yaje kuri we. Ijisho rimwe ry'umwanditsi ryahagaritse kubona, bityo Umuremyi yasabwe kumara umwanya munini mu cyumba cyijimye. Nubwo hari ibibazo byubuzima, Andreevich Vasily yashakaga cyane gusubira mu gihugu cye - mu Burusiya. Gushyigikirwa muri uyu mwanditsi Chaadaev na Gogol.
Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1851, umuryango wa Zhukovsky wagombaga kujya mu muhanda, ariko ibyo ntibyabaye, kubera ko uwo mugabo yari afite amaso mu maso. Wenyine kwandika no gusoma vasily andreevich ntashobora. Umwanditsi yafashaga uwo bashakanye na Valet. Imiterere yubuzima bwa Zhukovsky yari yangiritse vuba, niko umwanditsi wibisigo na ballad asaba kuza muri Baden Vyazemky.
Hanyuma, hari ikiruhuko cya Andreevich Vasily nyuma y'urupfu rwa Gogol. Ku ya 12 Mata 1852, ntabwo yabaye umwanditsi. Umwanditsi w'umugani "kuri Tsar Berendei" na "Gutsindira Tsarevna" yashyinguwe mu gikari kidasanzwe, ku rukuta rw'imivugo yakozwe. Kumenya urukundo rw'umwanditsi mu Burusiya, muri Kanama 1852, Campersine atwara umukungugu wa Zhukovsky kuri Petersburg. Noneho imva yumusizi, umusemuzi numwarimu iherereye ku irimbi rya Tikhvin rya Alexander Lavra, ntabwo ari kure ya mogile N. Karamzin.
Bibliografiya
- 1808 - "Lyedmila"
- 1812 - Svetlana
- 1818 - "Tsar"
- 1822 - "Inyanja"
- 1825-1831 - "Igikombe"
- 1831 - "Srend Tsarevna"
- 1831 - "Kubyerekeye Tsar Berende"
- 1845 - "Kuri Ivan Tsarevich n'impyisi y'ibara ry'umuvi"
- 1851 - "Injangwe n'ihene"
- 1851 - "Inyoni"