Ubuzima
Imyaka 586 irashize urupfu rwinkumi zizwi cyane orleans. Ubuzima butangaje bwhanna d'ink ntirwaruhuka abahanga mu by'amateka. Umudendezo wo mu Bufaransa wihaye ibitabo, imirimo, firime, ibikorwa na canvas nziza. Mu Bufaransa, nta mujyi izina rye ritagomba gukomeza. Ikintu cyo kwibuka kandi yubaha cyane Zhanna d'art aryamye muri biografiya yihariye - afite imyaka 17 umutware w'umufaransa.
Nicyo cyahuzwe na Kiliziya Gatolika, ntabwo yasubiwemo nyuma y'urupfu, ariko nanone ari abera. Keretse niba kwiyegurira abantu, ubutwari no kurwanya orleans ba devir yabigize ikimenyetso cy'Ubufaransa. Icyorezo cyiza cyakoreshejwe mu mateka yo mu gihe cyo hagati, Zhanna d''k yasize ikimenyetso kidasobanutse mu mateka y'abantu.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Jeanne D''k inkuge, mu bwana Jeurata, yavutse ku ya 6 Mutarama, 1412 muri Domrenis (Lorraine, mu Bufaransa). Padiri Zhanna - Jacques d'Ark, Mama Isabella Roma. Abashakashatsi benshi ba biography Zhanna ntibatanga igisubizo nyacyo, uhereye kumasomo umuryango ubaho. Nk'uko amakuru asigaye ku nkomoko ya Jacques, D'Arka, Charhl Du, Jacques yashakanye na Isabeli maze yimukira i Sefon, umugati wuzuye kandi afite hegitari 20 z'ubutaka, amafarashi, intama n'amafarasi.
Jeanne ni mukuru w'abana d'ink. Mu muryango wakuze bavandimwe - Jean, Pierre, Jacques na Mushikiwabo Katrin. Catherine yapfiriye mu busore bwe. Abavandimwe babaye inshuti kandi bashyigikira Zhanna mu gihe kizaza. Jeanne ntabwo yise Jeanne d'ink - mu bwana, Orleans yitanze izina "Zhanna Isugi".
Icyerekezo n'ubuhanuzi
Icyerekezo cya mbere kuri Jeanne cyaje mfite imyaka 13. Umukobwa yabonye umumarayika mukuru Mikhail, velekomi muri Ekanderina Alegizandiriya na Margarita Antiyokiya. Mu iyerekwa, Imana yerekanye Earleans ku mutwe w'ingabo no gukuraho kugota, biganisha kuri Radfin Charles no Gusiba Ubufaransa mu Cyongereza. Birashoboka, ibitekerezo by'umukobwa byagize ingaruka ku guhanura kwa Merlin ku rukiko rwa Merlig wahanuye ko Ubufaransa buzakiza Inkumi muri Lorraine.Muri icyo gihe, igihugu cyashwanyaguriwe ku ntambara y'inkuru. Igice cy'Ubufaransa cyagarutsweho n'abanditsi b'Abongereza, kandi igice cyatewe ibitero n'ubujura. Isabella Bavariya, umugore wa Karl ya Sdouluus VI, mu 1420 yasinyanye amasezerano na Abongereza, akurikije ayo masezerano nyuma y'urupfu rwa Karl VI, ahubwo yajyaga kwa Ronrich, ariko umwami w'Ubwongereza. Abantu bananiwe n'ingabo bihanganira gutsindwa bategereje igitangaza, Umukiza.
Ku Ntambara
Muri Mutarama 1429, Zhanna d'ink yavuye mu nzu ajya kwa vocular. Amaze guhura n'umuyobozi w'umujyi wa Robert de Bodrikur, yatangaje umugambi we wo guhura na Dofi. Uyu mukobwa ntabwo yafashwe nabi kandi yohereza murugo. Yowani agaruka kwa mavoka umwaka umwe, Joan yajugunye umukapiteni, ahanura gutsindwa kw'Abafaransa ku rugamba rwa Ruvre, amakuru yacyo yaje nyuma cyane kuruta guhanura.
Yashimishijwe Robert De Bodrikur yohereje Zhanna d'und mu rukiko, atanga igitero, yandikira Dofine kandi atanga itsinda ry'abasirikare. Mu nzira, umukobwa yari aherekejwe n'abavandimwe. Inzira y'urugo rwa Karl yari akaga cyane. Igihe Zhanna yavuze, archangel Mikayeli yafashaga abagenzi mu nzira.
Iki gihe cyo guhura na Zhanna d'ink na karl byasobanuwe mu mirimo myinshi. Karl ntabwo yagabanutseho igihe kirekire. Urugo rwigabanyijemo inkambi ebyiri, benshi baciwe mu nama n'umwungeri wo muri Lorraine. Abayobozi b'amadini bizeraga ko Orleans yayoboraga Sekibi. Mugutanga uburenganzira kubateze amatwi, Karl yateye aho kwima ingoma. Zhanna yinjiye muri salle, ntiyareba intebe y'ubwami, ajya i Karl, ahagaze mu banyanyi.
Ako bimeze, yavuze, archangel Mikhail yerekanwe na karl. Nyuma y'ibiganiro Zhanna na Karl bonyine, Umwami uzaza byasaga cyane. Intangiriro yikiganiro Karl yagaragaje nyuma ya kimwe cya kane cyikinyejana - D'inkuge yahagaritse gushidikanya Dofin yerekeye ubuzimagaze bwimbaraga zimbaraga zayo. Zhanna yijeje ejo hazaza h'umutegetsi w'uko intebe y'ubwami ari iyemeze neza.
Rero, Carl yizeraga isugi. Ariko igitekerezo cye nticyakemuye ibintu byose - Ijambo ryanyuma ryari kubapadiri. Abatorero bateguye ikizamini cya Jeanne kirarambiranye. Kubera umurava no kwemererwa ibitekerezo, ushyire ku bigeragezo ndetse n'ibibazo byose bya Komisiyo mu byashyigamo, Jeanne yinjiye muri CARL, kujya mu gisirikare. Inzira y'intwari y'inkumi z'inyobo ya Orleans yatangiye. Kuva muri Poitier Zhanna d'ink yageze muri urwo ruzinduko. Amaze kubona ibikoresho n'ifarashi muri urwo ruzinduko, Virgo yagiye mu mujyi wa Blois - itangirira mu nzira igana Orleans.
Muri Blois, ibyabaye bidafite ishingiro byabaye - inkuge ya Jeanne D', yerekanaga ko Saint Catermen-Fjerbuy Chapel, yakomeje inkota y'umwami Charles Martella. Nkoresheje iyi nkota, umwami yatsindiye Saracinov mu rugamba rwa Poita mu 732. Inkota yafashije inkumi mu ntambara. Amakuru yerekeye kugaragara k'Umukiza yanyuze mu Bufaransa. Munsi ya banners Zhanna d'Ink akoranya imitwe yitwara gisirikare. Akajagari n'umubabaro mu nzego z'ingabo birangiye, abarwanyi bafata umwuka kandi bakemera ko Orleans deva yatera gutsinda.
Zhanna yahagaze imbere y'ingabo zarakaye, hamwe n'inkota ya kera n'ibendera. Ntibisanzwe, ariko umwungeri muto wa Lorraine wacunzwe vuba bishoboka kumenya amayeri yubumenyi bwa gisirikare, kugirango abone gahunda mu ngabo zicaga intege, kugirango wubahe abayobozi ba gisirikare. Biracyahari, nko mumyaka 17, impano idahwitse ya komanda yagaragaye. Jeanne ubwayo yasubiyemo ko Imana imutera.
Intambwe yambere mu rugamba rwa Zhanna na Abongereza ni ukuvanaho kugota orleans. Orleans niwe mu birindiro byonyine mu nzira y'ingabo z'icyongereza mu ifatwa ryuzuye ry'Ubufaransa, bityo kwibohora Umujyi nicyo cyambere cyambere kuri Jeanne d'arch. Ku ya 28 Mata, 1429, ingabo z'Abafaransa zayobowe n'umuyobozi ukiri muto bakoze ubukangurambaga. Bahuye n'ingabo z'igihumbi na gatandatu z'Abafaransa. Virgo yatumiye abatware b'ingabo ze kugira ngo begere igitego nyamukuru cya Orleans no gutera ingabo z'umwanzi.
Ariko abatware birukanye iryo tegeko, bazana ingabo ku Orleans yabitswe bahagarara ku nkombe z'ibumoso ba Loire, ahateganye n'ingabo z'umwanzi. Ibiraro byombi kuri Orleans byagoswe n'ubwongereza. Kwambuka uwo duhanganye munsi yamaboko - ikibazo ni akaga. Umwanya wahindutse ibyiringiro. Zhanna yarayobewe. Nabwirijwe kohereza ingabo kuri blois, no kohereza Loire ku nkombe nziza. Turiyo, D'Arc afite imiduka mike, umwuzure watsinze igitego mu majyepfo ya Orleans winjira mu mujyi unyuze ku irembo rya Burundi. Abanyagihugu bato ntibyari bigarukira.
Intambara iyobowe na Orleans yarangiye intsinzi itsinze Zhanna d'ar. Mu gukuraho kugota ibihome bya Saint-Lo, Virgo na Tomer na Tomer bayoboye umuntu. Mu gitero cyagabwe kuri nyuma yakiriye igikomere mu rutugu. Ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1429, Abongereza basize yegereye Orleans kandi basangiye. Umujyi watangajwe ko wabitswe. Intsinzi y'Abafaransa yari ifite akamaro ka psychologiya - igihugu cyizeraga imbaraga ze. Nyuma yo gutsinda hafi ya Orleans, umutware ukiri muto yahawe izina "orleans".
Coronation Carla
Intsinzi muri Orleans, inkuge yasanze i Carlo, itangazamakuru. Inzira igana Dofina yanyuze muri imbaga y'abafaransa bakira. Umuntu wese yashakaga gukora ku ntwaro z'isugi ya Orleans. Mu matorero yasengaga amasengesho akomeye mu rwego rwo kubaha Umukiza. Karl yahuye n'umuyobozi ukiri muto hamwe n'icyubahiro - yicaye hafi, nk'umwamikazi, yahaye izina ryiza.
Igikorwa cyakurikiyeho cyisumi orelian isugi ni ukubohora reims. Muri we harimo gukabya kw'abategetsi bose b'Ubufaransa. Imyumvire itigeze ibaho kubaturage yabaturage bemerewe gukusanya abasirikare bagera ku bihumbi 12 b'ingabo zigihugu zishinzwe kwibohoza. Umuhengeri wo kwibohora uhagaze Ubufaransa. Karl kugeza uwanyuma yashinze intsinzi yo kuzamuka kuri reims. Ariko, guhanura kw'isugi - ingabo zari zugamye ku rukuta rw'umujyi mu byumweru bibiri n'igice. Imbaga ya Karl yanyuze ahantu gakondo. Ikamba rya Dofine ryashyizwe muri katedrali ya reimary. Iruhande rw'umwami hahagaze Zhanna d'arner hamwe n'ibendera, mu ntwaro ya knight.
Firime n'urupfu
Hamwe na karl, ubutumwa bwisugi ya Orleans yarangiye. Zhanna yasabye umwami kumureka ngo ajye mu mudugudu we kavukire. Karl yasabye ku giti cye kuguma kuba umuyobozi mukuru. Zhanna yemeye. Hejuru ya Ubufaransa, iyobowe na La Treule, yakiriye amafaranga ku ntambara kandi yashoje umutware hamwe na karl ya Burgund, yemeje ko Karl ategereza hamwe no kwibohora Paris. Zhanna d'k agerageje kwigenga.
Ku ya 23 Gicurasi, 1430, Zhanna haje imfungwa mu ngabo za Burgundy. Yamugumanye mu bunyage umugaba w'abargite muri Picardia Jean Luxembourg. Ntabwo yari agiye guha inkumi kubagore b'Abongereza, ariko abaza gucungurwa na Karl. Umwami yahemukiye uwamuzutse ku ntebe y'ubwami, nta nyungu. Guceceka kwanga Abafaransa Reba ubuhemu nyamukuru mu mateka y'igihugu.
Yabaye inda inyongera ya Jeanne d'. Abongereza bari bakeneye kwica orleans gusa - byari ngombwa gushinja izina rye. Kubwibyo, Zhanna yari akwiye kwemeza isano na Sekibi mbere yo kurangiza urukiko rw'Ubufaransa. Kugira ngo dukore ibi, ukwemera kw'itorero ryatumiwe ku buhanga. Babaye Pierre Sostene, uwahoze ari bove ya Biscopa. Kugirango ubukangurambaga bwiza hejuru yicyongereza cyicyongereza yasezeranije Soster Mitra musenyeri mukuru rouen.
Kuva 1431, Zhanna yafunzwe na Rutang - ahantu h'ubwongereza mu Bufaransa. Hari urukiko. Ugomba guca interuro kurupfu, ugaragaza guhura na Sekibi. Muri ibyo, byafashije uregwa mu buryo butaziguye uregwa, asobanura ibikorwa hamwe n'ubucuti n'umuntu udasanzwe. Yaba Umwami cyangwa Orleand orleans cyangwa abakunzi b'intambara ntibaje gutabara Umukiza. Umwe wenyine wahise ashishikajwe no gufasha Zhanna d'Ark, - Knight Gilles de Ree, nyuma yicwa.
Ku irimbi rya Abbey wa Mutagatifu Wen, Zhanna yasinyanye impapuro zerekeye icyaha n'itumanaho na Sekibi. Abacamanza bahisemo kumenya uburiganya basoma indi nyandiko. Mu kwerekana ko ahiga nyuma, mu gihe cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe uwahowe. Icyemezo cy'Urukiko rwarimo gusoma: "Igihano kikoresheje umuriro ni muzima." Jeanne kugeza igihe urupfu rwurupfu rukomeza gutuza kandi twizeye. Ati: "Amajwi" yasezeranyije agakiza k'isugi wa Orleans muri Gicurasi 1431.
Kuvugurura Zhanna d'ush byabereye mu myaka 25, nyuma yo kwibohora Ubufaransa kuva mucyongereza abigaruriye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwite bwa Zhanna d'insanduku yambuwe ishyaka. Igihe kimwe mu gisirikare cy'isugi y'imyaka 16, isugi ya Orleans yapfiriye mu muriro mu myaka 19.Kwibuka
Muri iki gihe, kwibuka orleans bidapfa mu nyubutso, firime n'ibitabo. Kiliziya Gatolika yizihiza umunsi wa Mutagatifu Jeanne d'ARED ku ya 30 Gicurasi. Abafaransa bishimira buri mwaka ku ya 8 Gicurasi, Jeanne D'arje umunsi. I Paris, urwibutso rw'inkumi ku ifarashi muri zahabu ziri i Paris. Ibishushanyo 100 byeguriwe kuri orleans inkumi birasa.
Ubworohere bukunzwe cyane na Luka Cherson "Intumwa. Amateka Zhanna d'k "hamwe na Milla Yovovich mu nshingano za. Iherezo ry'intwari y'Ubufaransa isobanurwa mu gitabo Mariko Twain "Jeanne d'k".
Ibindi bikorwa
- Zhanna-umugore (film, 1917)
- "Jeanne D'ART ku muriro" (1954)
- "Inzira Zhanna d'ARD" (Filime, 1962)
- "Tangira" (film, 1970)
- "Intumwa. Amateka Zhanna d'Ark "(Filime, 1999)
- Jeanne D'Ark (film, 1999)
- "Guceceka Zhanna" (Filime, 2011)
- "Yera Yohana" (Bernard Erekana Igitabo)
- "Orleans Isugi" (Voltaire Poem)
- "Inkumi ya Orleans" (Amazi ya Fritrich Schiller)