Ubuzima
Kontantin Simonov numuntu uzwi, umusizi numunyamakuru. Imirimo ye yanditse mu myaka y'intambara ntabwo yerekanaga ukuri gusa, ahubwo n'amasengesho. Kurugero, umuvugo "untegereje", wabaye 1941 kandi witangiye gutora valentine, kugeza na nubu, bitanga ibyiringiro byabasirikare bohereje ku rugamba. Nanone, imihanga y'ubuvanganzo izwiho imirimo yo "kumwice", "Abasirikare bakivuka", "bazima", "bazima kandi bapfuye" nibindi biremwa bitangaje kandi byumubiri.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Hamwe n'umunsi ukonje mu mujyi kuri Neva wahoze witwa Petrograp, ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1915 mu muryango wa Jenerali ManonA - Umuganwakazi we Alexandra - Umuhungu witwa Cyril .
Cyril ni izina nyaryo ry'umwanditsi, ariko bitewe nuko Simonov Karvil atigeze avuga ko "L", ariko yatangiye kwiyita Kontantin, ariko nyina w'umwanditsi ntiyamenye iyo nyirabayanzo y'urubyaro rwe, bityo we Buri gihe witwa umuhungu witonze by kirsuska.
Umuhungu arakura, arera adafite se, kubera ko, nk'uko sekuru yakusanyirijwe muri Polonye mu 1922: Umugati wa sekuru wabuze mu nzu wabuze, witabira intambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Kandi rero, kwibuka kwa Kontantin Mikhaiare bifitanye isano cyane na papafu kurusha na se.
Mu gushaka ubuzima bwiza, nyina w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, hamwe n'umuhungu we, yimukiye i Ryazan Grigorievich Ivanishev, wasangaga inzobere mu gisirikare, nyuma ayobora abakozi ba gisirikare n'ingabo zitukura. Birazwi ko ubucuti bususurutse bwaturutse hagati yuwo mwashakanye mushya wa Obolensk numubyeyi we.
Mugihe umutware wumuryango yari kukazi, Alegizandere yateguye ifunguro rya sasita no gusangira, yayoboye urugo arazana Constantine. Prosese yibukije ko ababyeyi be bakunze kuganira kuri politiki, ariko ibyo biganiro byose Kontantin Mikhaich mubyukuri ntabwo yibutse. Ariko iyo umutware wumuryango yinjiraga muri serivisi mwishuri rya Ryazan kubarimu bakora amayeri, umuryango wategetse ibitekerezo bibi kuri Trotsky, byumwihariko, abantu bakuru banengwa mu kibaya n'umukungugu w'ibiyobyabwenge.
Noneho iyi nyandiko yajyanywe na Frunze, wahuye neza, ariko amayeri y'abakurikira - Voroshilov - ntabwo yakunze papa wa Constantine. Ababyeyi be bibuka ko inkuru y'urupfu rwa Vladimir iliich yatunguwe cyane n'umuryango we, ariko abarwanashyaka bari amarira asimburana na Storkin ya Trotskyism, ntibagaragaye cyane.
Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 12, yibuka kwe yashyize ahagaragara ibyabaye yibukije kugeza ubuzima bwe burangiye. Ikigaragara ni uko Simonov yahuye nigitekerezo cyo gukandamizwa (icyo gihe cyahaye imimero ya mbere gusa) no kurengana, yirukanye inzu yibagiwe, ku giti cye yitegereza gushakisha mu nzu ya kure cyane - umusaza wamugaye .
"... umusaza, yegamiye urukuta, igice cyo gutembera ku buriri, akomeza kubahanagura, kandi nari nicaye ku ntebe ndareba byose ... Ariko Igitangaje gitangaje: Nahise mbona ibintu bisa rwose bidahujwe n'ubuzima umuryango wacu wabayeho ... ", Kontantin Mikhaiars yibukije."Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mu bwana umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza ntabwo yahujwe n'ahantu runaka, kuko bitewe n'umwuga runaka, umuryango wimukiye aho ujya. Rero, urubyiruko rw'umwanditsi rwarashize imigi ya gisirikare na komanda. Ku bw'impanuka, Kontantin Mikhaiach yarangije amashuri avuye mu mashuri yisumbuye, hanyuma, bashishikajwe no kumenya igitekerezo cy'ubwubatsi bw'abasosiyali, bahisemo inzira y'ubutaka, bagiye kubona umwihariko wakazi.
Guhitamo umusore byaguye ku ishuri ry'abatoza b'uruganda, aho yize umwuga wa Tokar. Muri biografiya ya konstantin mikhaich habaye iminsi ntiyabishoboye. Payerfater ye yatawe muri yombi azira igihe gito, hanyuma ararukanwa ku biro. Kubwibyo, umuryango waguye mumazu hafi hafi yagumye nta mibereho.
Mu 1931, Simonov, hamwe n'ababyeyi babo, yimukiye i Moscou, ariko mbere yuko akora ku ibyuma ku musaruro wa Saratov. Mugereranije nibyo, Kontantin Mikhaich yakiriye uburezi mu kigo cy'ubuvanganzo bwitiriwe Maxim Gorky, aho yatangiye kumugaragaza ubushobozi bwo guhanga. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, Kontantin Mikhaich yakiriwe mu ishuri ryangiza ikigo cya filozofiya, ubuvanganzo n'amateka yavuzwe nyuma ya N. G.erneyshevsky.
Intambara
Simonov yahamagariwe muri serivise mu ngabo, aho yagiranye umushyitsi wa gisirikare mbere ya VYHANHELAV Mikhaiahich Molotov yatangaje radiyo kubera igitero cya Adolf Hitler. Umusore yoherejwe kwandikira ingingo zerekeye imirwano kuri Khalchin - igitego - amakimbirane yaho hagati yingoma yabayapani na Manzhou. Aho niho Simonov wamenyereye George Zhukov, wakiriye amazina y'abaturage bakira intsinzi.
Mu ishuri ryangiza, umwanditsi ntiyagarutse. Igihe intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yatangiraga, Simonov yinjiye mu nzego z'ingabo zitukura kandi yatangajwe mu binyamakuru "Izvestia", "" inyenyeri itukura ".
Ku bw'intwari n'ubutwari, umwanditsi wasuye ibice byose abona igihugu cya Polonye, Romania, Ubudage n'ibindi bihugu, ahabwa ibihembo byinshi bidasanzwe, kandi bihabwa ibihembo byinshi bidasanzwe, kandi bihabwa ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi bihabwa ibihembo byinshi bidasanzwe, kandi bihabwa ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi byanahaye ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi bihabwa ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi byanahaye ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi bihabwa inzira nyinshi zidasanzwe, kandi zanahaye ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi byanahaye ibihembo byinshi bitangaje, kandi bihabwa inzira nyinshi ziva muri komiseri mukuru wa Batayo kuri Coloneli. Constantine Mikhailovich ni umudari "kubera kurinda Intambara ya Caucase", gahunda y'intambara yo gukunda igihugu cy'impamyabumenyi ya mbere, umudari "ubwunganizi bwa Moscou", n'ibindi.
Ubuvanganzo
Umugabo wabonye amahano abaye mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yatwaye ibyo yibuka nkubuzima bwe bwose. Ntabwo rero bitangaje kuba ibintu byamaraso bo mu 1941-1945 byabaye amateka yo guhanga, kuko abantu bashakaga gusangira ibyo bagomba gusohozwa, na kontantin Minonov - na kongo. Insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru yimirimo yayo, nka Vasil bykov, ni intambara.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Simonov numuntu wisi yose. Serivise yacyo yashyizwe ku rutonde ni inkuru nto n'inkuru n'ibisigo, ibisigo, ikinamico ndetse n'ibitabo byose. Dukurikije ibihuha, umupfumu yatangiye kwiga kwandika mu rubyiruko, aguma ku ntebe ya kaminuza.
Nyuma y'intambara, Kontantin Mikhaich yakoraga nk'umwanditsi mu kinyamakuru "Isi Nshya", yari mu ngendo nyinshi z'ubucuruzi, yarebye ubwiza bw'igihugu cy'izuba riva kandi rigenda muri Amerika n'Ubushinwa. Simonov Kuva 1950 kugeza 1953 yari ku mwanya wa mwarimu mukuru w'ikinyamakuru cy'ubuvanganzo.
Birazwi ko nyuma y'urupfu rwa Joseph Stalin, Kontantin Mikhaiahich yanditse inyandiko aho yahamagaye abanditsi bose bagaragaza imico ikomeye ya Jenerali Pissimusi no kwandika ku ruhare rwe mu buzima bw'Abasoviyeti. Icyakora, iki cyifuzo cyagaragaye muri Bayonet Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, udahuje igitekerezo cy'umwanditsi. Kubwibyo, kubiryo by'umunyamabanga wa mbere wa komite nkuru ya CPPU Simonov, yasunitse ku mwanya.
Birakwiye kandi kuvuga ko Kontantin Mikhaiach yagize uruhare mu kurwanya urwego rwihariye rwo guhuriza hamwe. Mu yandi magambo, umwanditsi ntabwo yari afite impuhwe kuri bagenzi be mu mahugurwa - Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Zoshchenko na Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Boris Paspak yayobowe na boris Paspak, wanditse "itari parade".
Mu 1952, Konstantin Simonov ibiva mu gukina urugo, yiswe izina "Arms bagenzi", nyuma y'imyaka irindwi umwanditsi yabaye umwanditsi gitabo "Muzima kandi Abapfuye" (1959), rimaze gukura mu trilogy ku. Igice cya kabiri cyacapwe mu 1962, naho icya gatatu - mu 1971. Birashimishije kubona umubumbe wa mbere wasaga naho wandika ku giti cye.
Umugambi wa Epopeya y'Abaroma ushingiye ku byabaye byabaye mu gihe cy'intambara, kuva mu 1941 kugeza 1944. Birashobora kuvugwa ko Kontantin Mikhaich yasobanuye ibyo yabonye n'amaso ye, ubuhanzi yongeraho akazi k'imvugo n'inandi.
Mu 1964, umuyobozi uzwi azwi cyane Alexandre tsper yasubitswe iki gikorwa kuri ecran ya TV, ikuraho firime imwe. Inshingano nyamukuru zakozwe na Kirill Lavrov, Anatoly Papanov, Alexey Glazerin, Oleg Glazerin, Oleg Glazin, Oleg Efremov, Oleg Tabamov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabatov, Oleg Tabati
Mu bindi, Kontantin Mikhaich yahinduwe mu Burusiya inyandiko za Reddard Kipling, Umwanditsi w'igitabo cy'icyamamare cya Miwgli, ndetse n'inyandiko za Azerijani yanditswe na Nasimi na Uzbeki umwanditsi Kakhhar.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Kontantin Mikhaiahich Sinonov yashoboraga kuba ishingiro ryigitabo cyose, kuko ubuzima bwuyu muntu bukize mubyabaye. Umutware wa mbere w'umwanditsi yari umwanditsi Natalia Ginzburg, waturutse mu muryango uzwi kandi urambye. Kontantin Mikhaich yegufitiwe Kontantin yakundaga cyane, ariko isano yibintu bibiri byo guhanga byagize fiasco.
Umutware wa Simonov yabaye Evgenia Laskin, wahaye umwanditsi wa AlexeI (1939). Laskin - Abahanganye mu burezi - bakoraga nk'umwanditsi w'ubuvanganzo, kandi ni we wasohotse mu 1960 igitabo kidapfa Mikhail bulgakov "Shebuja na Margarita".
Ariko ubwo busabane bwatandukanijwe ninyanja, kuko, umwana wumuhungu muto wavutse, Kantantin Mikhaiahich yinjiye kumutwe mu gitabo cyahoze ari Umukinnyi wa Soviet Valerina, Valina Selemu, Umutima wa Bane "(1941) , "Glinka" (1946), "Garrison idapfa" (1956) n'ibindi bishushanyo. Umukobwa Maria (1950) yagaragaye muri ubu bukwe. Umukinnyi wa umukinnyi wahumekeye Simonov mu guhanga kandi yari muse. Murakoze, Kontantin Mikhaiahiach yashyize ahagaragara imirimo myinshi, nko gukina "umusore ukomoka mu mujyi wacu".
Ukurikije ibihuha, Valentina yazigamye umwanditsi Ivan Bunin avuye ku rupfu rwegereje. Nukuvuga ko Kontantin Mikhaiach yagiye mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa mu 1946, aho Alekseevich yagombaga kujijuka gusubira mu gihugu cye. Ariko, rwihishwa numugabo we, umukunzi we yabwiye bunin rwihishwa kubyo yari ategereje muri Ussr. Abahanga bananiwe kwerekana ko iyi nkuru, ariko valentine ntagijya mu ngendo hamwe numugabo we.
Kubwamahirwe cyangwa kwicuza, Valentina Serov na Kontantin Simonov yacitse mu 1950. Birazwi ko uwahoze ari umugore w'umwanditsi wapfuye mu 1975 n'imiterere idasobanutse. Umwanditsi yoherereje isanduku yumugore yabayeho imyaka 15, indabyo zamarondezi 58.
Umuhanga mu by'amateka w'ubuhanzi Lisa Zhadova, we wongeyeho, uwo mukobwa ukomeye kandi wari muto cyane kandi witonda, waje kuba urukundo rwa kane kandi rwa nyuma mu buzima bwa Simonov. Larista yerekanye uwo bashakanye muri Alexandre (1957), kandi umukobwa yazamuwe mu nzu avuye mu mubano wa mbere wa Liriya n'umusizi w'imbuto gussenko - Catherine.
Urupfu
Kontantin Simonov yapfiriye i Moscou mu ci ryo mu 1978. Impamvu y'urupfu yahindutse ikibyimba kibi cy'ibihaha. Umubiri wumusizi na sestaika watwitswe, numukungugu we (ukurikije ubushake) wambujije hejuru yumurima wa Bainynsky - ikigo cyitwa Urwibutso giherereye mumujyi wa Mogilev.Bibliografiya
- 1952 - "Amaherezo"
- 1952 - "Ibisigo n'ibisigo"
- 1956-1961 - Hagarara mu majyepfo
- 1959 - "KUBAHO N'URUPFU"
- 1964 - "Abasirikare ntibavutse"
- 1966 - "Konstantin Simonov. Yakusanyirijwe mu mibumbe itandatu "
- 1971 - "Impeshyi Yanyuma"
- 1975 - "Konstantin Simonov. Ibisigo "
- 1985 - "Sofiya Leonidovna"
- 1987 - "Umucamanza wa gatatu"