Ubuzima
Inzira yo mu rubyiruko rwo mu bana 15 b'umwana w'abana bo muri Otirishiya ku mwamikazi w'Ubufaransa, barangiza ubuzima muri Guillotine, Maria-Antoinetta yakozwe mu myaka 38. Yiswe Umwamikazi Rococo na Madame Demosicit.
Biteganijwe ko guhanga ibikoresho byinshi byimyambarire, inyinshi muriy zabayeho kugeza na nubu kandi zikoreshwa kubushake n'abashushanya amazu maremare. Maria - Antoinette yamamaye ishusho yo gusiganwa ku maguru kandi yatijwe ibintu by'abagabo. Yitirirwa gusaba gusebanya kurya keke, niba nta mugati uhari.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwamikazi w'Ubufaransa Maria-antoinette yavukiye vienna. Ababyeyi - Umwami w'abami Franz Naryamye na Mariya Terezia - bamaze gukura urubyaro 14. Umwana wa cumi na gatanu (Izina ryuzuye - Maria Anthony Josef Johanna Gabsburg-miriro) yavutse ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 1755. Kugaragara kwa Antoine - umukobwa kavukire yari yitwaga - yahuriranye na Lisbon umutingito, wafashe ubuzima bw'ibihumbi 80 by'igiportigale muminota. Kubyara kiremere k'umwamikazi wa nyina no guhitamo uruhinja rukomeye - umwami n'umwamikazi wa Porutugali - basobanuye nkibimenyetso bibi.
Umwaka Mariya-Antointetti yanyuze mu rugo rw'Impeshyi ya Habsburgs - Ikibuga cya Schönbrunn, inyubako nziza cyane muburyo bwa Baroque. Mu muryango munini kandi wuje urukundo, umwana yashimye ko atamukuye ku mategeko akenewe. Mu myaka 3, Antoine yashyize corset, kimwe nabagore bose mumuryango wa cyami. Kandi ubonye ko amenyo mato ya Erzgerini akura agoramye, umuganga w'amenyo wambaye insinga.
Bazanye Maria Antoinette kuri sisitemu yihariye: Amasomo yo kubyina, gushushanya, amateka nimyandira ya mwarimu byuzuzaga ubushakashatsi bwigitekerezo cya leta, imibare n'indimi n'indimi n'indimi n'indimi n'indimi n'indimi. Abagamizi n'abakomangoma bigishije amategeko agenga ikinyabupfura n'ubushobozi bwo gukomeza ikiganiro cy'isi. Ariko Antoine ntiyashimisha umwamikazi-nyina kugira ngo ashishikare - umukobwa mubintu byose yari afite ubumenyi bwihuse.
Umunyeshuri wa kera cyane Jegor-George, wiganye kubera kutumvira kw'umunyeshuri, na Abbot Vermont, akabona ko ari byiza, ariko akabona gusa ibyo bintu bishimisha. .
Ku Rukiko rw'Ubufaransa
Gushyingirwa kw'abana byafatwaga nk'abami mu mucyo wo gushimangira umubano hagati y'ibihugu. Oya na Habsburg. Yisunze impanuro ya abadiplomate Otirishiya, sendika Dynastic ya cami wa Ingoma ya Habsburgs yari gukomeza udafashe umwanya Austria mu Burayi, bikaba ERCGERS na ERTSGERSOGIN arongora na yashatse abaragwa Bourbon ingoma.
Uyu musore wa Maria Antoinette w'imyaka 14, ntabwo yari adasanzwe, wasangaga mu bibiri by'Abafaransa Dauphin Louis. Ibyifuzo by'umwami w'Umwami w'Umwami w'Umwami w'Umwami w'Umwami w'Umwami w'Umubyeyi wabaye umubyeyi washakishije umwaka, maze, nasubizaga rero gusubiza kandi mfata icyemezo cya Antoine akunda ubuzima mu rukiko rw'igifaransa. Abarimu bafashe ejo hazaza, kubyina, ikinyabupfura no mu ndimi n'indimi byigishijwe hamwe na Maria Antoinette biteye isoni muburyo bwihuse. Umukobwa araryama mu bandi umwamikazi-nyina kugeza igihe.
Ubukwe bwabaye muri Mata 1770 i Vienne. Umukwe na Porokireri yerekanye Igifaransa Ezgertick, yoherejwe na Bourbon yerekeza muri Otirishiya. Maria-antoinette yavuye mu gihugu cye ubuziraherezo. Umuhango wo kwimurwa wa Dofy wabaye muri Gicurasi: Mubutaka butabogamye, antoan, guhindura imyenda hamwe na Otirishiya mu gifaransa no gusezera kuri bene wabo n'inshuti, bajya mu Bufaransa. Umukwe hamwe n'intumwa zahuye n'umugore we mu ishyamba rya Compu.
Ubukwe bwa kabiri bwabereye muri Versaille. Ibirori byubukwe byakomeje kuva ku ya 16 kugeza 30 Gicurasi. Ku munsi wanyuma, indunduro yateguwe - Ibirori bya rubanda kuri Paris Square. Kubera ishyirahamwe ribi (urwobo rwo kubaka no gukurikiranwa kuri kare), abantu bagize ubwoba bwa misibo ya Pyrotechnic bahutira kujya mu giteranyo, bihutira. Rubanda rwahunze abantu baguye, benshi muri bo bishimiye urwobo. Umubare wapfuye wageze kuri 139. Bashyinguwe mu mva rusange. Byari ikimenyetso cya kabiri cyijimye kuri Antoine.
Maria Teresia, amenya ko umukobwa wa Yuna kandi udafite uburambe, imbabazi d'' arganto, warebye Mariya-antoinetta kuri buri ntambwe.
Gushyingirwa hamwe na Louis kubera kubura kumugabo we, imyaka yambere yaje kuzuzwa: abashakanye basinziriye mubyumba bitandukanye. Gutongana kandi umunezero wa Maria-antoinette, gutenguha ubukonje bwuwo mwashakanye, binjira mu mva yose. Ku bari na Rata Dofina bamaranye iminsi nijoro, batanga ibiryo mu rukiko. Umuryango wabami wari witondewe kandi utanga impamvu zibisobanuro bya Paphfleti. Umukazana wa Otirisi yatutswe mu buryo butari bwo bwo mu busambanyi n'umudendezo.
Umwamikazi
Imyitwarire y'urukiko rw'Ubufaransa Marie Antoinette yasaga naho azwi cyane, umusore Dokine akikijwe n'abandi bantu bagerageje kungukirwa na Otirishiya Otirishiya, batakemuye amatsiko y'ingoro. Ubwenge bwa Antoine bwonyine bwakomeje kuba ambasaderi wa Otiriya, yandikiraga amabanga ya biografiya ya Dauphine mu binyejana bye nyuma yo gupfa.
Abakobwa batatu batashyingiranywe ba Louis XV bashizeho Maria Antoinette kurwanya Data akunda - Madame Dubarry. Aba nyuma bari bafite isano mu rukiko kandi bakomeye. Mariya Antoinette yagiriwe inama yo gushaka inshuti nuburambe bwababyeyi be.
Imbaro ya Louis XVI yateje guhumeka mu gifaransa: Abantu bakururaga ibyayo byo gutonesha kandi bategereza impinduka. Abantu bageze ku mwamikazi ukiri muto, babonye mu mugore we utanga kandi utanga.
Mama Mariya Teresiziya yahamagariye umukobwa gutuza ubuzima no guca imanza, tanga imbaraga zo gushinga ubucuti hagati ya Otirishiya n'Ubufaransa. Ariko Maria-antoinette yakikijwe nintege nke kandi arumirwa, wakoresheje ineza numwamikazi wambaye ubusa, gukurura amafaranga nimyanya kumuryango.
Inshuti magara ya Mariya Antoinette, Contess de Polynac, yakoraga umwuga wihuse we n'abavandimwe: Abanya benewabo bakennye batuye mu gikari, bakira mu gikari, bakira umwamikazi igice cya miliyoni Livra buri mwaka Livra buri mwaka. Hamwe n'ikigega cya cyami Maria-antoinette, ntabwo cyari umuhango, kuva aho ku gishimishije kandi bihurira n'amafaranga menshi.
Umugabusoni yakundaga gusiganwa no kwandura siporo y'urukiko. Mubuhanga bwo kuguma kuri urubura ntabwo angana. Nyuma yo kwambura uwo mwashakanye, Maria Antoinette yashimiwe no gukina urusimbi. Mu ibaruwa, Mary Tereziai Ambasaderi wa Omtirique yavuze ko umukobwa mu 1778 yatakaje amafaranga 171 kumeza kumeza.
Ingoro ya Trianon, yubatswe na Louis Louis XV kuri Pompadour yakundaga cyane, umwamikazi ukiri muto watumye habaho igihe kinini, amira ko yatowe kandi atera urwango rw'abakobwa b'urukiko batategereje ubutumire. Icyizere cy'umwamikazi cyakoresheje abanyapolitiki n'amaganya, bihatira Maria Antoinette ku rukiko no gukoresha igitekerezo cy'umugabo we. Umwamikazi w'Ubufaransa Rose muri Otirishiya mu ntambara ya gisirikare, yitwa "Intambara y'Ibiyisi".
Mu ntangiriro ya Revolution, Maria-antoinette yinjiye nkumwanzi wa sisitemu ya demokarasi. Kandi igihe cyo mu ntangiriro ya 17/99 Versailles yafashwe mobile, umwamikazi hamwe nuwo mwashakanye yimukiye mu turere. Ibicu byihuta hejuru yumutwe wumwami wumuryango wumuryango. Muri Kamena 1791, Maria Antoinette hamwe n'umugabo we bagerageje kwihutisha igitero cya Astrati ingabo, igerageza gukiza intebe, ubuzima kuri we no kubana. Ariko ibisubizo byari ibinyuranye: muri Kanama 1792, ingoro mu turere mu tuyira zafashe inyeshyamba.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nyuma yo gukiza phoemose, Louis yabaye umugabo wuzuye. Nyuma yimyaka 7, we na Maria Antoinette basanze mu buriri bumwe. Abashakanye bavutse abana bane: abahungu babiri n'abakobwa babiri. Kubyerekeye ubuzima nigihe cya Maria Antoinette yakuyeho firime imwe. Bwa mbere, umwamikazi w'Ubufaransa yakinnye na Umukinnyi wahoze ari Shirer muri Melorama y'umuyobozi w'umunyamerika Woodbridge ukomeye witwaje Dike, wasohotse kuri ecran mu 1938.
Movie Morgan, Zhev'evyeva Kazil na Karin vanass bagerageje muri Antooman kandi intoki mu myaka itandukanye. Muri ikinamico "Maria-antoinette" Sofiya Koppol, Premiere yabereye mu 2006, Umwamikazi yakinnye. Nyuma yimyaka 6, ikinamico yigifaransa-cyo muri Eskiga "Gusezera, Umwamikazi wanjye" yarasohotse, aho Diana Krunyer yagaragaye mu ishusho yimiterere nyamukuru.
Ntabwo ari by'amazi ya Maria Antoinette n'abanditsi. Igitabo kivuga ku mwamikazi cyanditswe na Stefan Cweig. Intwari ivugwa mu bitaro bya Alexander Duma, Alexey Tolstoy, Lyon Feikhthanger na Henry Heine.
Mariya Antoinette Itwigisha umwanditsi w'interuro "Niba badafite umugati, nibareke kurya udutsima!". Ariko abahanga mu by'amateka n'abashakashatsi bavuga ko amateka y'inkomoko yamagambo atera urujijo kandi Umwanditsi winteruro ni undi mwamikazi w'Abafaransa - Maria Teresia. Maria-antoinette yakundaga cyane ubuzima buhebuje kandi yabuze amafaranga menshi mu bubiko, aho yakiriye ibyuma bya Madame, ariko icyarimwe yari azwiho kubagiraneza no kugirira impuhwe n'abakene.
Gusimbuka no kwicwa
Nyuma yo guhirika kwa Louis XVI no kwimura ububasha mu ikoraniro, umuryango wa cyami wari uryamye muri gereza. Nyuma y'amezi 5, umwami yiciwe, maze Maria Antoinette yimuriwe i Tampl ku munara ubangamiwe, ari ku kirwa cya Sita kuri Seine. Imigambi yabanyamahatsi kugirango ukize umwamikazi utyaye wananiwe.
Urukiko rwo mu Mwamikazi w'imyaka 38 wabereye hagati mu hagati wa 17993. Maria Antoinette yashinjwaga guhemukira inyungu z'Ubufaransa. Mu gitondo cyo mu gitondo cyo ku ya 16 Ukwakira, igihano cyahamijwe. Umwicanyi yaguye umwamikazi yambaye ubusa anabiba amaboko inyuma. Mbere yo gucwa kwa Maria Antoinette yafashe icyubahiro cya cyami. Yazamutse kuri scaffold ubwayo maze aryamire icyuma cya Guillotine cyashyizwe ku gace kemere.
Umurambo wa Decapite wa Maria Antoinette wajugunywe mu mva rusange no guhirwa mu bukwe bw'umwamikazi mu myaka 23 ishize. Mu 1815, ibisigazwa by'abaciwe bimuriwe kuri Saint-denis Abbey mu majyaruguru ya Paris. Umwanya wo gushyingura neza muri katedrali ntikiramenyekana.
Mu moderi
- Neelier . Maria-antoinette yakuye abadamu bo muri corseror trarraro hamwe ninyamanswa yagutse zabashije ingano kugeza ku bunini butahuye na gare. Imyambarire ikaze yasimbuwe nuburyo bwa Negligition - Imyambarire yo murugo kuva ijipo, bodice na swing swatshirts. Negliree ikubiyemo umwamikazi wahimbwe imyenda yera ya muslin, yibutsa ishati yijoro.
- Abashoferi . Ushaka kugaragara nkiri muto, umwamikazi yari yihishe, atangira imyaka. Amaboko - Munsi ya Mitnesses, yashyizwe mu matama, kandi ijosi ryaka ryahishe inyuma ya chocers - imirongo ya Satin, ibishushanyo n'amabuye.
- Imyenda y'abagabo . Umwamikazi, waje guhiga muri camcole na chutts, yatangije amakositimu ya abagabo na jacka. Abakobwa bashyira ingofero z'umuntu.
- Muli. . Maria-antoinette yatangije inkweto agatsinsino cyane kuburyo yashoboraga kubuza gusa kugwa ku nkoni. Nyuma, inkweto zarokotse impinduka zihinduka Muli - impeta nziza ku gitsinsino gito hamwe no gukaraba, intoki zafunze.
- Imitako myinshi hamwe nibikoresho . Babo - Ryush, Rushle, indabyo z'indabyo, imiheto - hari amarembo menshi ku yambaye abo mugore boroheje basaga naho ari meza.
- Icapiro . Ibishushanyo muburyo bwindabyo, ibibyimba, imitako yintoki - guhanga ya maria antoinette. Inyuguti zo gushushanya ku myambarire yumugore yarahindutse, ariko icapiro ryindabyo ryinjiye mumyambarire iteka.