Ubuzima
Ibyo ari byo byose, catherine i - "Umugore wa Shuchon", Cinderella - Yafashe umwanya mu mateka y'Igihugu cy'Uburusiya nk'umugore wa mbere ku ntebe y'ubwami. Abahanga mu by'amateka basetsa ko Ekaterina Alekseevna yakinguye Babi imyaka, kuko nyuma yikinyejana cyigihugu yategekaga igorofa, ingoma ya Catherine II yanze umugani n'inshingano za kabiri.
Martha Katharina, ni Umugabekazi na kaminuza ya yose - Ikirusiya, arenga kugeza ku ntebe y'ingoma nini cyane cyane kuruta Cinderella. N'ubundi kandi, inyuza y'impimbano ya Prr heroine yari ifite inkomoko nziza, kandi igisekuru cya Tsaritsa Uburusiya bwose "bwanditse" abahinzi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwumuzungu bukangura ahantu heza no gutekereza. Nk'uko verisiyo imwe, ababyeyi ba Martha Samuelovna - Lativiya (cyangwa Lituwaniya) mu karere ka Lataniya (mu gihe cy'Intara y'Uburusiya). Umwamikazi uzaza hamwe na bagenzi be bazungura cyane hafi ya Kegrass yavutse. Dukurikije ubundi buryo, Catherine Nagaragaye mu muryango w'abahinzi b'Abasitoniya muri derpete (Tartu). Abashakashatsi bitondera izina Spavronskaya nibigo bya Polonye.
Marita hakiri kare - ababyeyi bapfuye bazize icyo cyorezo. Ibindi byerekeranye numukobwa nabyo ni igihu. Dukurikije amakuru amwe, kugeza ku myaka 12 yavutse Skavronskaya yazamuwe mu muryango wa nyirasenge anna-Maria Veselovskaya, hanyuma ahabwa umuhango wa Pasiri ya Lutheran Ernstu Glintstuk. Ku rundi, nyirarume kavukire yajyanye urugendo ruto kugeza ku myanya, ababyeyi bakimara gupfa. No mu nkoranyamagambo ya Brockhaus na Efron, byerekana ko nyina wapfakazi yazanwe kuri pasiteri.
Amakuru n'amakuru atandukanye kuruta kuba yarakoze urugendo ruto mu nzu ya pasiteri. Amakuru amwe avuga ko yakoreye mu rugo, abandi (inkoranyamagambo ya brockhaus na Efron) - Gluca Skavronsky yize impamyabumenyi n'urushinge. Itariki ya gatatu, idasanzwe - izina ryanyuma Marta ntabwo ari Skavron, ariko imbata. Se yitwa umugabo witwa Umucakara wa Johann. Alexey Tolstoy mu gitabo "Petero yabanje" ku izina ry'umugaragu yavuze umugabo we Marita.
Mu 17, umukobwa yashakanye na dragon wo muri Suwede, ariko ubukwe na Johann Cruz bwamara iminsi ibiri - Drangoon, hamwe n'intambara, yakoraga ku ntambara, yakoraga ku ntambara irabura. Umuhango uzaza witirirwa umubano na Anna, Christina, Karl na Friedrich Spavron. Ariko mu nsanganyamatsiko Petero nahamagaye uwo bashakanye (Vasilevskys (Vasilevsky), bityo hariho verisiyo yitabye urwo rwifashe mu bihugu bya Baltique - mubyara wa Marita.
Mu 1702, ingabo ziyobowe na Fellmarshal Boris Sheremethev, Marienburg yafashwe n'iki gihome cya Suwede (Lativiya ya none) mu ntambara yo mu majyaruguru. Mu baturage bane bamaze gufatwa na Werurwe. Ibindi bisobanuro byayo bizatandukana. Umwe, ubwiza bwamaraso bwamaraso bwabonetse mu murima wa Marshal, ariko bidatinze yatanze ihutayo y'imyaka 18 yandikiye Alexander Menshikov.
Indi verisiyo ni iy'Abasete Peter Henry Bruce kandi nziza cyane ku izina ry'umwamikazi. Umukobwa wubukungu yafashe gukora inzu ya coloneli baur. Marita yazanye gahunda nziza murugo. Mu nzu ya Baura, umukobwa wavunitse yabonye igikomangoma cya Menshikov, cartridge ya koloneli. Kumva ibitekerezo bya gikwerekeye ubushobozi bwa Marita, Alexander Danilovich yinubira inzu yataga. Ushaka gushimisha Cartridge, Baur yahaye umukobwa Gnshikov.
Mu 1703 muri St. Betersburg inzu ya peneta, Peter Nabonye, ahindura nyirabuja. Umwaka ukurikira, umugore yabyaye umwami w'imfura ya Petero, mu 170 umuhungu wa kabiri - Paul. Bombi bapfuye bakiri bato. Muri 1705, umwami yatwaraga nyirabuja mu rugo rukaze Preobhendskoye maze ashyikiriza mushiki we Natalia Alekseevna.
Marita yarabatijwe afata izina rya Ekaterina Alekseevna Mikhailova. Umuhungu wa Tsar Alexey Petrovich ahura na Godfathor muri orotodogisi. Muguhindurwa, uwo tuzashakanye azabera cyane. Gutangira rero undi, umutwe wa cyami wibiografiya wumuzango w'ejo hazaza h'abarusiya bose-Ikirusiya. Mu bashakanye, Ekaterina yabyaye Peter Alekseevich Abakobwa Ana na Elizabeti.
Petero I.
Mu 1711, Petero yategetse mushiki we n'abishywa gutekereza Catherine Alekseevna mu bashakanye. Ikiganiro cyabaye imbere yubugome. Monirch yavuze ko bene wabo bakemuje urupfu bategekwa kubaha Catherine nk'umugore we. Peter Alekseevich yasezeranyije ko azashyingirwa na nyirabuja, yasezeranyije nyuma y'ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare.
Catherine najyanye n'umugabo uzaza mubukangurambaga, utwite mukwezi kwa karindwi. Ingabo zaguye muri boiler "borish" hamwe n'umwami na mugenzi we. Nk'uko imigani ivuga ku migani, Catherine yakuyeho imisumari yatanzwe n'uwo bashakanye kandi agura umudendezo. Ingabo zasohotse mu bidukikije, abasirikare ibihumbi icumi bakijijwe n'urupfu rukwiye. Ariko ihungabana ryagize ingaruka ku buzima bwa Catherine I - Umwana yavutse yapfuye.
Muri Gashyantare 1712, umwami yayoboye Catherine munsi yikamba. Ibirori by'ubukwe byabereye i Katedrali ya St. Petersburg Isaac. Umwaka umwe, Petero ashimira uwo bashakanye yashyizeho itegeko ryo kwibohora, ryahawe Catherine Alekseevna. Nyuma yaje kwitwa itegeko rya Aceceka rya Martyr Catherine.
Umwamikazi umwe, yibarutse umugabo we urubyaro, ariko abakobwa bakuru barokotse - Anna na Elizabeti barokotse. Umugore yaba umugabo wenyine washoboye gutuza umwami wabyimbye. Umugore yari azi kwiga umutwe wumugabo we wamubabaje mumyaka 10 ishize. Hatariho uwo bashakanye, umwami ntiyagize ingaruka ku bintu bimwe bikomeye muri Leta. Ku ya 7 Gicurasi 1724, amakanzu ya Roma yatangaga na katedrali ya Moscou.
Ubuyobozi bwigenga
Ikibazo cyo kumira cyarahagaze neza mu ntangiriro ya 1725: Umwami yarapfuye. Imyaka itatu mbere yaho, yahagaritse itegeko ryambere, ryatumye bishoboka ikamba ku ngoma ya rubanda rukomoka mu buryo bwihariye. Kuva 1722, yashoboraga gufata intebe y'umwami w'abami izakwiriye kwitabwaho. Ariko ubushake bwizina rya samurari kubasirikare babohowe Peter The Peter The Eete, abakuru ntibasize leta kubibazo ndetse no guhirika ibwami.
Abantu na Rodoly Kumenya ku ntebe y'ubwiza rw'umwami w'abana nyagasani - Peter Alekseevich, umuhungu wa nyakwigendera kuva ku iyicarubozo Alexe Alexei Petrovich. Ariko Ekaterina ntiyashakaga guha intebe y'umuhungu, amategeko yo gukorera ku nyungu ze Alexander Menshikov na Peter Tolstoy.
Ingabo, abarinzi basengaga Petero Mukuru, bamwimuye umugore we urukundo. Umutegetsi w'igabanuka mu barinzi bari mu barinzi kubera ko byikangura ubukangurambaga bworoshye bworoshye bworoshye, baba mu ihema rikonje. Nka basirikare, aryama kuri mateli ikomeye, ntiyageze mu biryo, birashobora kumisha mu buryo bworoshye ikirahure cya vodka. Mugenga yari afite imbaraga nyinshi z'umubiri no kwihangana: guherekeza uwo bashakanye, bikozwe kumunsi wa 2-3 ugendera kumafarasi mumifuka yumugabo.
Ubusabane bwa Mama bumaze kugera kuri byinshi mu gihe kimwe nigice cyo kwitotomba hamwe nimigabane itatu ya grenadiers. Mu 1722-23, mu bukangurambaga muri transcaucasia na Dagestan (abaperiji y'uburinganire), Ekaterina Alekseevna yerekanye umusatsi we ashyira umugongo wa Grenadier. Kugenzura ingabo kugiti cyawe, ushishikariza abasirikari no kwitabwaho kurugamba.
Niba atunguwe no mu nama ya Sena, aho ikibazo cyo kwibandwa cyakemutse, abayobozi b'ikigo cya mbere cya mbere. Ikarito yegereye ibwami. Ivan Bourlinin, umuyobozi wa prebrachters, yatangaje icyifuzo cyabasirikare busaba umwamikazi. Sena yatowe mu rwego rwo kubaka Catherine I. I. Imvugo ya rubanda yakurikiye, nubwo umugore yagabanutse ku ntebe y'urwika.
Ku ya 28 Mutarama 1725, Ubwami bwagiye ku ntebe y'ubwami. Mugenga yashinze Inama y'Ubutegetsi n'igihugu cya Alexander Menshikov n'Umunyamabanga mukuru. Ekaterina nanyuzwe nuruhare rwa nyirabuja wumudugudu wa tsaris. Ku ngoma ya Catherine I, imiryango y'Ishuri Rikuru ya siyansi yafunguye, hashyizweho intangarugero ya Vitus zarakozwe na gahunda ya Mutagatifu Alexander Nevsky. Ibiceri bishya byagaragaye (feza rible hamwe nishusho yumwirondoro wigenga).
Mu ntambara nini, Leta ntabwo yari irimo. Mu 1726, umwamikazi na guverinoma yacyo batoje amasezerano ya Vienne hamwe n'umwami w'abami Carl VI. Abadateza imbere bibuka inama nguke ya Catherine Ndi kumena n'impuhwe z'Ukuri, zishyiraho amafaranga mu bufasha bw'amafaranga n'intangiriro ya "gakondo" yo guhindura amabanki muri Banki y'Iburengerazuba muri Banki ya Amsterdam muri Banki ya Amster muri Banki ya Amster muri Banki ya Amster muri Banki ya Amster. Abambasaderi b'Abanyaburayi bo mu Burayi batunze, umwamikazi w'Uburusiya yatangaga gutangara imbaga y'abasesagereza no ku nzoka zatuye ibwami.
Ibitabo byinshi byanditswe ku ngoma y'Umugore wa mbere ku ntebe y'u Burusiya ntabwo ari Film imwe. Kuva mu 2000, abareba televiziyo babonaga kuri ecran Sveslana Dveslana Druzhinina's yo mu ngoro ya palace doborov. Uburusiya, Ikinyejana XVII, "aho Ekaterina nakinnye natalia Egorova, kandi uruhare rw'umwami yagiye i Nikolay Karachev.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kugeza ku ya 1724, umubano w'umwami na Catherine natangaje witonze kandi wizeye. Petr Alekseevich, kugeza ku mpera z'ubuzima bwe, nasohotse ku rukundo kandi dusangira inkuru z'umugore wanjye kubyerekeye amayeri yanjye n'ibitekerezo. Buri kwatura byarangiye n'amagambo "meza kukurusha, Katya, nta muntu."
Ariko umwaka umwe mbere y'urupfu, umwami abaketse uwo bashakanye mu bugambanyi: yatangajwe ku busambanyi bw'umugore we hamwe n'Urugereko rwa Willim. Umwami asanga, kubera ibyo kwica arya, azana uwo bashakanye mu mutwe we waciwe kuri tray. Petero yabujije umugore we kumusanga. Bisabwe n'umukobwa wa Elizabeti, Mugenga yishyikirije Ekaterina Alekseyevnaya, ariko ntiyiyubakira. Guceceka byarahagaritswe ukwezi mbere yurupfu rwumwami: Umutegetsi w'ikirenga yapfuye ku maboko y'umugore we.
Urupfu
Inkumi n'imipira byateshejwe ubuzima bwumwamikazi. Mu mpeshyi ya 1727, Catherine yararwaye, inkorora ikomeye yongerewe, umuriro wagaragaye, Segaba w'iminsi yave ku manywa.
Ekanderina napfuye muri Gicurasi. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuganga yiswe ibibanza by'ibihaha, ariko yerekana ikindi kintu gishoboka cyo kwitaho - igitero gikomeye cy'ukuntu.
Ishusho mumico (Filime)
- 1938 - "Petero Yambere"
- 1970 - "Ballada kubyerekeye kubyara n'inshuti ze"
- 1976 - "Umugani w'ukuntu Umwami Petero Arape yashakanye"
- 1983 - "Debidov"
- 1986 - Mikhail Lomontov
- 1997 - Keleey Tsarevich
- 2000 - "Amabanga Yi Guhimba Coulace"
- 2011 - "PETERO YA MBERE. Ubushake "
- 2013 - "Romanov"