Ubuzima
Muri cinema Hariho ijambo "Umukinnyi w'uruhare rumwe" - ni ko bitwa abakora ibyamamare bigarukira ku ruhare rumwe. Nkurugero - Makolai Kalkin kuva "inzu imwe" na "inzu imwe - 2". Mubitabo nta jambo nkaya, ariko urashobora kumarana - icyamamare cyabanditsi bamwe zishingiye ku murimo umwe ("kuguruka hejuru y'ibyari bya Cuckoo" Ken Kizi) cyangwa intwari imwe (Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle). Muri abo "banditsi b'igitabo kimwe" barashobora kwitirirwa Umunyamerika Harley Harler.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavutse ku ya 26 Mata 1926. Byabereye muri Monrovail, umujyi muto wa Alabama. Nell Harper Lee (iyi yumvikana izina ryuzuye ryumwanditsi) - umuhererezi mu bana bane Amaha kolimann na cunningham finch lee.
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bya mushikiwabo mukuru Nell Alice, aho umwanditsi yagizena ubucuti bwa kabiri kugeza apfuye urupfu, Harper yakuriye hejuru, kandi atanga ibibazo ku babyeyi, ndetse n'abavandimwe na bashiki bacu. Hanyuma umukobwa aba inshuti n'umuturanyi n'umunyeshuri bigana, nyuma yaje kuba umwanditsi ufite icyubahiro cy'isi - capote.
Mu 1931, ibyabaye igihugu cyose cyavuzwe ni uko abasore bakomoka muri Scottsboro. Dukurikije uru rubanza, abasore icyenda b'abirabura baturutse mu mujyi wa Scottsboro (Alabama) bafata ku ngufu abakobwa babiri b'abazungu. Ndetse na mbere y'urubanza, abatuye umujinya bo mu mujyi hafi ba basore. Abantu ntibigeze bahagarika no kubona umwanzuro wubuvuzi, ukurikije abakobwa batafashwe kungufu.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, abacamanza, bagizwe n'abazungu gusa, mu gihe bane bumvise urujijo mu buryo bw'igihano kibi cyane muri Leta - igihano cy'urupfu. Harper Ntoya yari yibutse uru rubanza Yesu, icyo gihe yaje gukorera umunyamategeko kandi yari ashishikajwe n'ubucuruzi. Nyuma, umwanditsi akoresha ibyo yibuka mugihe yandikaga igitabo cya mbere.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri mu 1944, Harper yinjiye muri kaminuza y'abakobwa, iherereye i Huntingdon. Nize muri kaminuza, umukobwa ashyikiriza muri kaminuza ya Alabama kugira ngo yige intangango mu myaka ine iri imbere. Uyu mwuga watoranijwe na Se w'umukobwa wari muri icyo gihe umukozi wa Leta ukomeye.
Mu 1945, muri gahunda yo guhana abanyeshuri, umwaka, kaminuza igwa muri kaminuza ya Oxford, ariko idahwitse inzira yo kwiga, umukobwa atera kaminuza akimukira ahantu hahoraho i New York, aho yari gahunda yo kuba umwanditsi.
Ibikorwa byambere bya Harper byanditse muri kaminuza ya Alabama, mucyumba cya hosel cyigice cyabanyeshuri "Hee Omega". Iyi mirimo ninkuru nto ninyandiko, umukobwa yuzuza ikiganza. By the way, mugihe kimwe - kuva 1945 kugeza 1949 - Harper Lee akora nkumwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru gisekeje cyaho.
Kubaho ku kintu no kwishyura inzu ikuweho, umukobwa ukiri muto yateguwe ku kazi mu indege y'iburasirazuba, hanyuma nyuma ya "UBURYO BW'UMURYANGO W'AMASOKO". Muri Airlines zombi, umukobwa akora itike yo kugurisha itike. Ibi biraba kugeza mu mpera za 1950.
Ubuvanganzo
Nyuma yo gucunga Harper gutangaza inkuru nyinshi, itanga umukozi we wa mbere wuvasiyambere mu kugeza 1956. Umwaka umwe urangiye, inshuti ze za kera Michael na Byishimo Brown bitanga impano yingenzi mubuzima bwumwanditsi - ikiruhuko cyumwaka.
Bandika mu ntambwe banditse bati: "Uzagira neza umwaka wo kwandika ibyo washakaga byose."Muri iki kiruhuko, umukobwa afite umwanya wo kwandika inkuru zihujwe nintwari imwe. Izi nkuru, yahisemo kwitirirwa inzu yo gusohora "Lipincott, Williams na Vilkyins". Umwanditsi mukuru wa Tei Holofoff asubiza byimazeyo imirimo yumukobwa, ariko arasaba cyane ko izi nkuru zose mu gitabo kimwe.
Kubera igisubizo, mu mpeshyi yo mu 1960, "kwica pasting" bijya mu mucyo - igitabo cyatsindiye gukundwa no gukunda abasomyi b'isi yose. Ndetse n'abanegura bamenye ko igitabo ari cyiza. Ku gitabo cy'igitabo cyagurishijwe cyane, umwanditsi w'imyaka mirongo itatu yakiriye igihembo cya Pulitzer muri Tomination "ibihangano byiza byumwaka".
Mu 1962, gusuzuma igitabo, kurasa n'Umuyobozi Robert Malligan ("Impuhwe Grabu", "hejuru ku ngazi zerekeza", "icyarimwe umwaka utaha," umugabo ku kwezi "). Filime yatorewe kuri Oscar irabibona. Nanone ibona indi kinagrada - "Globe ya Zahabu". Mu gihe cyo gufata amashusho, Harper yashoboye kunyereza hamwe n'abakinnyi bose hamwe n'abakozi ba firime, ariko yari afite umubano ukomeye na Gregory Pec, uwo yerekanye ko ari umubyeyi wa Geregori, uwo yerekanye ko ari umubyeyi w'igitsina, uwo yerekanye ko ari umubyeyi w'igitsina gore nk'igihembo cy'inshingano zikorwa neza.
Nyuma yo gutsinda mu gitabo, umwanditsi, hamwe n'inshuti ye yo mu bwana, indogobe ye y'ubwana yagiye muri Holkomb (Kansas) gukusanya ibikoresho bijyanye n'umuhinzi wicwa n'umuryango we. Mu 1966, hashingiwe kuri ibyo bikoresho, ingwate asohora imwe mu mirimo yacyo izwi cyane - "Ubwicanyi bukonje", bwakiriye igihembo cya Edgar Alan muri None ", ndetse no kwishora muri ecran nyinshi. Harper switches kubindi bikoresho.
Mubuzima bwose bwa Lee yanditse inyandiko ninkuru, ariko rimwe na rimwe byafashwe muburyo bunini. Kugerageza cyane kwandika igitabo gishya gifatwa nkurushinga yataye hafi yica umwicanyi uva muri leta kavukire. Akazi ntiyishimiye umwanditsi, maze ahitamo kumukuraho, nk'uko yakoranye n'ibindi bikorwa bibiri, bizwi.
Mu 1966, Perezida Lindon Johnson ashyiraho Inama Njyanama y'igihugu. Mu 1983, Harper asohora Essa "Roman na Adventure", aho avuga amateka n'umurage. Muri icyo gihe, yaba yarahisemo gusubira mu mujyi wa Monrovill kavukire. Mu 1999, ikinyamakuru cy'amaso y'isomero cya Amerika cyahamagaye igitabo "cyica ikibuga" igitabo cyiza cy'Abanyamerika cyo mu kinyejana.
Mu 2005, i Los Angeles, Harper yakira igihembo cy'isomero rusange ry'umujyi kugira ngo agere mu bitabo. Umwaka utaha, Lee yakira urwego rwicyubahiro cya kaminuza ya Notredi. Muri uwo mwaka, umwanditsi atanga kimwe mu biganiro bidasanzwe mu buryo bw'urwandiko rufunguye rwa OPHERA Winfrey.
Hartel Lee agira ati: "Noneho, nyuma yimyaka 75, kuba mumuryango wizewe, aho buri segonda ifite mudasobwa igendanwa, harakaze mudasobwa igendanwa, Apad mu mutwe, ndacyahitamo ibitabo."Mu 2007, umwanditsi yakiriye mu maboko ya Perezida George Bush, igihembo cy'abasivili cy'igihugu - umudari wa perezida w'umudendezo. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, kwihanganira inkoni. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Harper agomba kwimukira mu za bukuru ko mu baforomo ari ibitekerezo bya hafi ku bakozi be.
Muri 2014, Elis apfa - mukuru w'umwanditsi. Horper igenda mu kwiheba. Ibintu bihinduka gato igihe hajya hakorwa gato ubwo havamo Horper adafunguye ", shyira akabati", washinzwe ku nkuru yazanywe n'umwanditsi mu myaka ya 1957, yabonetse muri Alice Face. Mu buryo bwurubanza, akazi ni gukomeza "kwica umusaraba", ariko mubyukuri byanditswe mbere. Ikosa ubwe yari azi neza ko iyi nyandiko yandikiwe yatakaye.
Umwanditsi mushya w'ubuvanganzo Andereya Andrew Nureberg na Tonya ashaje Tonyater, umwunganizi wa Lily, yafashije igitabo, cyafashije igitabo kugera ku mubwiriza. Umwanditsi ubwabwo ntacyo yavuze ku "Genda, shyira umuzamu" ku gitugu cy'ibitabo by'ibitabo. Hariho inyigisho ko iki gitabo ari impimbano kandi, mubyukuri, ntabwo byanditswe. Igitabo "cyica pasting" yaje ku cyerekezo cy'abanyeshuri bo mu bihugu byinshi (harimo n'Uburusiya), kandi amagambo yaturutse ku kazi yagiye ku bantu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka hafi 90 z'ubuzima, umwanditsi atigeze arongora. Abandi bana nabo ntibigeze.
Hariho ibihuha bye hamwe n'umwanditsi Truman Hood n'umuhemu Gregory Pes, ariko abo bagabo bombi bavugwa ko bavuga ko ibyiyumvo bya gicuti bihujwe na Harper.
Urupfu
Umwanditsi yapfuye muri 2016 mu ijoro kuva ku ya 18 kugeza ku ya 19 Gashyantare. Byabaye mu nzozi - biroroshye kandi birababaza.Bibliografiya
- 1960 - "Kwica umusaraba"
- 1961 - "Urukundo muyandi magambo"
- 1961 - "Noheri kuri njye"
- 1965 - "Iyo abana biga Amerika"
- 1983 - "Umuroma na Adventure"
- 2006 - Fungura inyuguti ya opera winfrey
- 2015 - "Genda, shyira umuzamu"