Ubuzima
Uyu munsi, ikibazo cyo guhitamo urubyiruko rwumwuga wacyo kizaza. Akenshi bitewe no kubura gahunda z'ejo hazaza, impano, kwishimisha cyangwa kubera ubujiji bwa predisposition, kaminuza yarangije amashuri yegereye kaminuza, aho ababyeyi bohereje, cyangwa muri kaminuza imwe, ari inshuti zabo. Nyuma yimyaka 5 yo kwicara ipantaro kubashakanye kugirango bajye kukazi ntabwo ari umwihariko.
Ariko mubyukuri ni bibi? N'ubundi kandi, hari ingero mu mateka y'isi igihe yari yize mu kindi kintu kimwe, umuntu yashakishije ibisubizo bikomeye ku bundi murima. Fata nk'urugero, Evgeny Schwartz ...
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'Abasoviyeti w'Urukiko no gukinisha yavutse ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1896. Byabereye i Kazan. Ababyeyi b'ikinyoni ruto rwabaye abaganga: Data Intare Borisovich - Umuganga ubaga, na Mariya Sederovna wa nyina - Umubyaza. Dukurikije umurongo wa se, umuhungu yari afite imizi y'Abayahudi, aho yanze umusaza karindwi, nyuma yo kubatizwa mu Itorero rya orotodogisi.
Nyuma y'intare nyuma yo gufatwa mu 1898, bakekwaho gukekwaho ibanga, umuryango wakorewe gutotezwa, kubera ko Schwarz yagombaga kuva ahantu hamwe akajya ahandi.
Armavir amaze kuba i Dmitrov, muri Armavir, i Ryazan (ku babyeyi ba Mariya Ferurovna) na Akhtri, umuryango wa Repubulika ya ADYGEA), aho umurwa mukuru wa Zhenyaa. Mu 1902, murumuna wa Valentine yavutse mu 1902.
Nyuma yishuri, umuhungu yinjiye mwishuri ryaho. Amaze kurangiza mu 1913, Eugene yagiye muri kaminuza ya Moscou yitiriwe Alfons Leonovich Shanyalavsky (ubu - kaminuza ya Leta y'Uburusiya).
Dukurikije amabwiriza y'ababyeyi, ishami ry'amategeko yinjira, nyuma ahindurwa muri Jurfak wa kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou yitiriwe Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomontov. Muri iki gihe, umuryango we wimukiye muri Ekaterinodar (ubungubu - Krasnodar).
Ubujurire bw'impeshyi 1916 bunjije ku ngabo, maze mu mpeshyi y'umwaka utaha yoherezwa i Tsaritsyno (ubungubu - volgograp) gusubira i Moscou kwiga mu ishuri rya gisirikare. Muri uwo mwaka, umutwe wa JUNCKonda wakiriye mbere, na nyuma - ennign.
Mu 1918, yaje kwa bene wabo muri Ekaterinodar, nyuma yatumye ingabo zubushake. Yagize uruhare mu bukangurambaga bwabwo bwa mbere buyobowe na Liyetona Jenerali Viktor Leonidovich Pokrovy, kandi akoresheje Ekaterinodar muri Werurwe. Byateguriraga ko umukoraba w'amaboko we asigara akibutsa, cyane mu myaka yashize kubera imvururu zikomeye.
Nyuma yo gukira mu bitaro bya Gisirikare, Eugene yavuyemo. Ntabwo bifuza gukora muri Schwartz yihariye, niko bigenda muri kaminuza ya Rostov, ugereranije no gukorana n '"amahugurwa y'ikinyomo", ku mukinnyi wa filime arongora mu 1920.
Mu 1921, ugenda rero, mu 1921, Schwartz, hamwe n'umugore we na theupe ya Theatrical, yimukiye kuri petrograpp (St. Petersburg). Evgeny akomeje gukina inshingano za Episodic mu bikorwa. Kugirango tubabeho ari, hateguwe gukora mbere mububiko bwibitabo, na nyuma - umunyamabanga wumuntu wa Kornea Chikovy.
Ubuvanganzo
Kwandika wigenga, Schwartz itangira nyuma yimyaka ibiri gusa. Munsi ya Peseudonym, sogokuru, asohora impimbano mu kirusiya Kocher. Mu cize mu mwaka umwe, uwamamaza yoherereje Bakhut kugira ngo asubize kwimenyereza umwuga mu rwego rwo gusohora ibitabo ku buvanganzo kuri "Kochegarki" - Ibinyamakuru "Zaboy".
Kugaruka kuri Petrograpp, Eugene yaranditse anavuga umurimo wa mbere w'abana "inkuru ya Balaryaki" (nimero ya Almanach "(igishwi" mu 1924). Iyi nkuru ivugamu Samuel Marshak kandi mu 1924 irahamagarira umwanditsi gukora mu biro by'abana bya "Gosizdata" nk'Umwanditsi. Abanditsi bafite amahirwe yo gufatanya na Schwarz muri iki gihe, basanze ubunararibonye, bavuga ko Evgeny lvovich yakoze ibitekerezo kandi atanga inama zingirakamaro.
Muri icyo gihe, umuntu wo mu banditsi batoye yerekana Schwartz kwinjira mu muryango w'ubuvanganzo Oberai, ukorana n'ibinyamakuru by'abana nka "Chizh" na "Incuro". Evgeny lvovich asohora inkuru ze, imigani, kimwe nibisigo bimwe.
Mu 1928, yandika ikinamico ye ya mbere, kivuga "guhamagarwa". Umwaka umwe, asanzwe ashyirwa kuri theatre ya Leningrad yumutozo. Muri uwo mwaka, umwanditsi umwana we w'ikinege yavutse - umukobwa wa Natasha. Iyo umukobwa aranga amezi abiri, Evgeny yavuye mumuryango kurongora.
Kuva 1930 na mbere yintambara ikomeye yintambara yo gukunda igihugu, Schwartz ikora imbuto nyinshi cyane. Mu 1931 yanditse inyandiko ya film "ubucuruzi 717". Umwaka utaha utangaza "utuntu". Mu 1934, umwe mu bagize Umuganwakazi n'ingendo, "umwami wambaye ubusa" n "" ubutunzi ", kandi handitswe inyandiko ya filigh" yakangutse. Byongeye kandi, mu 1934, Schwartz aba umwe mu bagize ubumwe bw'abanditsi ba USSR. 1936 - Igice "Umutuku Umutuku" n inyandiko "lenochka ninzabibu" na "mu biruhuko".
Umwaka utaha, umugani "ibiganiro bishya by'injangwe muri bote" bigaragara mu kinyamakuru. Mu 1939, Schwartz yanditse ikinamico "umwamikazi wurubura", mu 1966 bazashyira filime, n '"umujyi w'igipupe". Umwaka ukurikira, Evgeny Lvovich yongeyeho ikinamico "igicucu" cyabaye igice cya kabiri cya gatatu cya pausi - agatabo karimo kandi "umwami wambaye ubusa (1942-1943). Mu 1971 na 1991, igicucu-igicucu kigaragara gusa. Mu 1940, se w'umwanditsi arapfa.
Ibikorwa byanyuma byabanjirije Schwartz bihinduka "umugani wigihe cyatakaye", "abavandimwe babiri" hamwe nabakina barwanya famphlet "hafi ya Lipami Berlin." Mu gihe cy'intambara, umwanditsi aguma mu mbabazi, akora muri Radio Centre. Mu 1941, yimuwe i Kirov, aho yateguwe gukora kuri theatre yaho. Mu 1942, nyuma yo kwimura Leningrad Tyuz, yimukiye i Stalinabad (ubu - Umurwa mukuru wa Tajikistan). ;
Ngaho, Evgeny Lvovich yandika ikipe y '"inkombe ya kure" n' "ijoro rimwe" bitanze ku bana bimukiye abana n'abahererezi. Muri icyo 1942 yapfuye. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umwanditsi yimukira i Moscou, aho "ikiyoka" gicura, kuvugurura ubufatanye nabayobozi ba theatre na sinema. Mu 1945, ikarito "Umugani w'imbeho", wafashwe n'inyandiko ye, kandi umugani "utatanye" wacapwe.
Mu 1947, filime yo mu mico "Cinderella", yarashwe ku Schwartz ikina cy'izina rimwe. Inshingano nyamukuru muri iyi filime zikorwa na Janina Jaimo, Vasily Mercuryyev, Faina Ranevskaya, Ferin Gartin na Alexey Konsovsky. CLOMCOTOVKA YABONYE MU RUGO RWE, no mu mahanga. Mu 1948 hari inkuru ya Schwartz "umunyeshuri wa mbere", wabaye ishingiro rya firime yizina rimwe.
Mu 1953, Stalin apfa, ni nde muri mirongo itatu yabujije gutangaza imirimo ya Schwartz. Bitewe n'imbaraga za Oga bergolts, iri tegeko ryavanyweho. Icyegeranyo cya mbere cyumwanditsi kigera mu kuzenguruka.
Mu 1956, umwanditsi yakiriye izina rya Caroller gahunda ya banner itukura (mbere yaho, Schwartz yahawe imidari "kugira ngo aregereje Leningrad" kandi "ku mirimo ikomeye mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose"). Muri icyo gihe, arangiza akazi ku "gitangaza gisanzwe". Umwaka umwe, verisiyo ya ecran ya "Don Quixote".
Twashoboraga kuboneka dushingiye ku bikorwa by Evgeny Schwartz muri Moscou na Leningrad theatre y'ikigereranyo, muri St. Paters ishinzwe ikinamico, muri Leta ya Moscou. Muri iki gihe cy'ikinamico "muri iki gihe "na" Theatre yubusa ", muri St. Imvura" Imvura "na Moscou ikinamico ikinamico ivugwa nyuma ya Konterantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky. Gusuzuma imirimo y'umwanditsi byagiye haba mu buzima bwe na nyuma y'urupfu rwa Schwartz. Mu 1989, "imfashanyo" y'umwanditsi yasohotse.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Evgeny lvovich yashakanye kabiri. Umugore wa mbere yabaye umukinnyi wa filime Gayane Kholodova (1898-1983). Schwartz yamenyereye mu gihe cyakazi mu mahugurwa ya Rostov "." Bashyingiwe mu 1920.
Umwaka umwe, abashakanye bimukiye i Petrograp, aho mu 1929 bavutse mu mukobwa Natalia. Muri uwo mwaka, Schwartz atera umuryango kurongora undi mugore. Kuri Gayane, biratunguranye.
Umugore wa kabiri wa Yevgeny Schwartz aba Ekaterina Ivanovna Obekh (1902-1988). Hamwe na we, umwanditsi ahura na kimwe mu mirongo umwe wo guhanga 1927, yatunganijwe n'incuti y'inshuti kuri Obetura. Kugirango urongore Schwartz, Catherine nawe ava mumuryango.
Hamwe na Catherine Ivanovna Evgeny, Lvovich abaho, ariko bishimiye kwiyita ubu bukwe, Schwartz kubyerekeye kandi nta furoranye numugore we, wagize ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwe.
Urupfu
Umwanditsi kandi Dlawword yapfuye ku ya 15 Mutarama 1958. Impamvu yemewe ni igitero cyumutima cyagize ingaruka zo kunanirwa kwumutima, umutimana schwartz mumyaka yashize.
Yashyinguwe i Leningrad ku irimbi rya Bogoslav.
Bibliografiya
- 1924 - "Inkuru ya Balalaika ya kera"
- 1928 - "Underwood"
- 1931 - "UMUCURURA 717"
- 1932 - "Idafite agaciro"
- 1934 - "Umuganwakazi na Svinas"
- 1934 - "UMWAMI WA KANRA"
- 1936 - "Mu biruhuko"
- 1938 - "Dr. Aibolit"
- 1940 - "Igicucu"
- 1940 - "Umugani w'igihe cyatakaye"
- 1943 - "Ikiyoka"
- 1947 - "Cinderella"
- 1956 - "Igitangaza gisanzwe"
- 1957 - "Don Quixote"