Ubuzima
Mikhail Kalashnikov - Abasoviyeti n'Uburusiya, Umuremyi w'imashini ya Kalashnikov, azwi ku baturage bo mu bihugu byose.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov yavutse ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 1919. Maja Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov ni Umudugudu wa Kury Altai akarere. Umushinga wabaye mu muryango mugari, aho 19 yavukaga, ariko abantu 8 gusa ni bo barokotse, barimo Mikhail Timofevich. Ababyeyi ba Kalashnikov bari Abahinzi.
Timofey Alexandrovich mu 1930 yamenyekanye nk'igipfuto, ku buryo umuryango woherejwe mu mudugudu w'ikigo cy'igice cyo hepfo cya Mokhovaya Tomsk. Nkumwana, umusore ukiri muto yerekanye ko ashishikajwe nuburyo bwa tekiniki, yize amahame yo gukora muburyo. Mu myaka yishuri, Kalashnikov yerekanye ubumenyi bwa geometrie na fiziki, ariko nanone yamuhaye ibitabo byoroshye.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Mikhail Timofevich yiyemeje gusubira i Altai, ariko sinashoboye kubona akazi mu karere, nuko msubira mu muryango. Kubera umuryango w'abapfumu, ntihashobora kwakira pasiporo igihe kinini Kalashnikov, ariko noneho yahimbye kashe ya komanda yibanze mu cyemezo kandi inyandiko yari irimo.
Mikhail yongeye gusubira kuri Altai. Muri iki gihe, hari umuntu umenyana nigikoresho cyintwaro. Umusore yashoboye gusenya pistolet yijimye. Iyo Kalashnikov yujuje imyaka 18, uwashushanyije yimukira muri Qazaqistan. Umusore yahawe akazi muri depot ya gari ya moshi Matay Turkestan-Kaberiya. Mikhail ntabwo yavuganye gusa na Lockmiths n'abacuku, ahubwo yanabonaga ubumenyi kuri tekinike yashizwe kuva mu bwana.
Mu 1938, Mikhail Timofeevich yagiye gukorera mu ngabo zitukura. Serivisi yabereye mu karere ka Kiev idasanzwe. Nyuma yigihe gito, Kalashnikov yabaye umukanishi wa tank, nyuma yuwashizeho kwimurirwa mu gice cya 12. Muri serivisi mu nzego z'ingabo zitukura, Mikhail yaremye konte inenge y'amasasu ava ku mbunda ya tank. Kandi, mu iterambere ry'umusore, ibikoresho byari bihari kugirango wongere imikorere yo kurasa kwa TT pistolet ya TT pistolet, muri Tank Moteri.
Mu 1942, iki gikoresho cyoherejwe ku musaruro mwinshi. Kubwamahirwe, ibikorwa bya gisirikare byabujije gushyira mubikorwa umushinga. Muri ibyo bikoresho bya Kalashnikov byatangajwe n'umuyobozi w'akarere ka Kiev idasanzwe, Georgy Zhukov.
Nyuma yikiganiro, Mikhail Timofeevich yoherejwe mwishuri rya Kiev Tank, aho arema prototypes kandi akora ubushakashatsi. Nyuma, Kalashnikov yimukiye i Moscou, aho akomeje gukora kubikoresho. Bimaze kuba ku gihingwa cya Leningrad. Voroshilova Mikhail hamwe na Masters yahinduye konti.
Umushushanya
Mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Kalashnikov yakomeretse bikomeye, ku buryo ibyumweru byinshi yavuwe mu bitaro, kandi nyuma y'umuntu woherejwe mu biruhuko. Iki gihe, Mikhail Timofeevich, cyeguriwe kurema imbunda yimbunda.Nyuma yicyitegererezo cye cyazanywe nikibazo cyifuzwa, Kalashnikov amwoherereje amarushanwa. Komisiyo yashizweho ntabwo yigeze ihura nazo, kubera ko, nkurikije inzobere, intwaro zihenze kandi zigoye. Kugereranya, PPS na PPS byafashwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, impano ya planner yabonye.
Mu 1942, Mikhail Timofeevich afata serivisi mu buyobozi bw'ibihugu bikuru by'ingabo zitukura. Umugabo atanga intwaro mumirongo yabasirikare. Ubuyobozi bwahise butanga Kalashnikov umurimo mushya: Umushushanya yasabwaga guteza intwaro, afata akato ka Cotage "hagati ya Mariber ya 7.62x39 mm. Imbunda cyangwa imashini bigomba kugira amafoto ya metero 200-800.
Usibye Mikhail Timofeevich, mukubaka usanzwe bafite uburambe bagize uruhare mu marushanwa. Ndashimira ibi, kwigirira ubushyuhe Carabiner Sinonov yagaragaye mu gisirikare, imbunda yintoki ya dogyarev. Kalashnikov's Automaton yagereranyaga igishushanyo mbonera. Nta na kimwe mu byitegererezo by'imbunda yegereye ibisabwa n'amarushanwa. Icyiciro cya mbere cyarangiye no kunonosorwa, na kabiri - intsinzi yabato. Kuri enterineti urashobora kubona ifoto Kalashnikov, ufite agaciro kubikorwa.
Mikhail Timofeevich ntabwo yihutiye kwishora mu guhanga udushya, kandi ubwenge bw'uwashushanyije ntashobora kwitwa. Hagati aho, imashini yateguwe kuva mu mirimo myiza n'imikorere bigeragejwe mu bikorwa. Intwaro irashobora kurasa mubihe byose, harimo nyuma yo kugwa kwamazi, umwanda. Nta kibazo cyo gukora isuku no gusezerera.
Urakoze ku gishushanyo kizwi, mashini ya Kalashnikov irashobora gukorwa kubikoresho biriho byinshi. Igiciro cyintwaro kizwiho hasi. Mikhail Timofeevich yakoze imashini yikora ntabwo ari umushinga, ariko nkumusirikare usanzwe, ufite akamaro ko igikoresho cyoroshye, cyiza kandi cyumvikana.
Ahagana mu 30, Mikhail Kalashnikov yabaye umukiza w'igihembo cya Staliniste. Umushushanya yakiriye gahunda yinyenyeri itukura kugirango yiteze iterambere ryihariye. Nyuma yibyo, imashini yimuriwe kumusaruro wintoki za artory ya Izheviya. Umushushanya yimukiye muri Udmurya kugira uruhare rugaragara mu kurema intwaro. Mikhail Timofeevich yahoraga yateje imbere igihangano.
Kuva kera, Kalashnikov yagerageje gushyiraho umusaruro, kubera ko mu gihe cyatuje ubukwe bwabonetse, harimo mu gasanduku k'umubiri. Inzobere yahinduye ikoranabuhanga, yahagaritse guhitamo ku rurimi, cyatsindiye gukora ibikoresho. Ikibazo kimaze gufatwa icyemezo, gisubizwa mubitekerezo byambere.
Bidatinze, imbunda yashyizeho akm. Kuva muri iki gihe, imashini n'imbunda ya kalashnikov byabaye intwaro ntoya y'abanyamaguru, kuko ibyo yaremye bya Simonov na Fgere byakuwe mu musaruro. MURI 70, bahisemo gufata amakarito yo hasi-yubusa 5.45x39 mm. Amarushanwa yatangajwe mu bashushanya. Mikhail Timofeevich yahawe intsinzi.
Tugarutse ku ntwaro za 50, Kalashnikov yatangiye guhabwa inshuti ziri mu miterere y'amasezerano ya Warsaw, mu bindi bihugu usss yakoraga mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ariko isoko ry'intwaro z'intwaro zateye imbere muri iyo minsi, abakozi benshi bo mutaka batangiye kwigana ibyaremwe rya Mikhail Timofeevich.
Amasosiyete yamaba yamahanga yafashe nk'ishingiro rya kalashniko auto yikora, ariko yuzuzwa n'iterambere ryabo, ryagaragajwe cyane cyane mu gishushanyo gishya. Nubwo intwaro yakiriye izina rishya muri buri gihugu, AK yagumye. Kalashnikov's Automantos iracyari imwe mubantu bazwi cyane kandi bizewe kwisi. AK ifite impanuka 15% yisi yintwaro.
Mu 1963, Mikhail Timofeevich yatangiye gutezimbere RPCC ifite ibikoresho byokuzenguruka nijoro. Muri icyo gihe, Kalashnikov yagerageje guteza imbere pistolet yikora kuri karita ya 9x18. Ariko imbube ntishobora guhangana nijisho. Mikhail Timofeevich, Mikhail Timofeevich, ntishobora kwitondera cyane iyi terambere.
Mu myaka ya za 70, Kalashnikov yagerageje urwego rushya rwibikorwa - guhiga karbine. Nkuko imbunda imbunda yajyanye imashini ye. Ako kanya nyuma yo kwipimisha, Karabina yoherejwe ku musaruro. Mu 1992, shebuja akora guhiga guhiga karabiner "Saiga", ufite ibintu byiza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muri biografiya ya mikhail Kalashnikov hari ubukwe 2. Umugore wa mbere w'umugabo yari Ekaterina Danilovna Astakhov, wavukiye mu butaka bwa Altayi, nyuma yo gukora muri sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi. Mu 1942, umuhungu wa Victor yagaragaye mu muryango. Nyuma, Mikhail Timofeevich na Ekaterina Danilovna baratandukanye. Uwahoze uwo bashakanye hamwe n'umwana yagumye i Kayakhstan. Mu 1956, umugore yapfuye giturumbuka, Kalashnikov rero asenyuka umuhungu kugeza Izhevsk.
Umugore wa kabiri Mikhail Timofeevich yabaye Ekaterina Viktorovna Moizeeva. Umugore yakoraga nk'umutekinisiye ushushanya. Duhereye ku ishyingiranwa rya mbere, umugore yari afite umukobwa Nelli. Ariko Kalashnikov yatangije umukobwa.
Nyuma, umuryango wagaragaye mu muryango - Natalia na Elena, aba nyuma bafataga umwanya wa Perezida w'ifatizo rusange. M.T.. Kalashnikova. Kubwamahirwe, Natalia yapfuye mu myaka ya 30. Mikhail Timofeevich yagendeye se mwiza na sekuru. Abana batanze abuzukuru batanu: Mikhail, Alexander, Evgenia na Alexander, Igor.
Urupfu
Ibibazo byubuzima bya Calashnikov byagaragaye muri 2012. Umusifuzi w'uwateguye yavuze ko iyi ari yo nyirabayazana wo kwita ku kazi. Mu Kuboza, umugabo yari mu bitaro yerekeza muri kaduki ya republika no gusuzuma muri Udmursiya mu bushakashatsi bwateguwe. Undi kwangirika kwimibereho yanditswe mu mpeshyi ya 2013. Binyuze mu ndege ya minisiteri yihutirwa n'ibikoresho bidasanzwe, Mikhail Timofeevich yashyikirijwe Moscou.Minisiteri ishinzwe ubutabazi yagize ati: "Mu bijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga, abaganga bafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza Mikhail Timofevich imwe mu mavuriro ya Moscou."Abaganga ba Moscou basuzumye imbunda ya Thromboembolism yimiyoboro ya lunabiry. Mu byumweru bike hejuru ya Kalashnikov, abaganga Corpeli Metropolitan. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imibereho myiza yumuntu yateye imbere, nyuma yuwashizeho yasubiye murugo i Izhevsk.
Ugushyingo, Mikhail Timofeevich yongeye kumva nabi, bityo imyaka 17 y'Abisimanyi yari mu bitaro mu ishami rishingiye ku mvugo ivumburwa na Udmurtia. Abavandimwe ba Kalashnikov bemeza ko uko imbunda zagize ingaruka ku myiteguro yo kwizihiza mu gihe cy'imyaka 94 ya Mikhail Timofeevich.
Mu ntangiriro z'Ukubo mu ntangiriro, Kalashnikov yakoze ibikorwa byihutirwa, ariko gutabara kubaga byo kubaga byararushijeho kuba intangarubabukiwe. Nyuma yukwezi, iterambere rigaragara ntibyabonye abaganga. Iminsi mike mbere y'urupfu rw'umumbuni yimuwe mu kwita cyane kubera kuva amaraso. Urupfu rwa Mikhail Timofeevich rwamenyekanye ku ya 23 Ukuboza.
Muzamubera Mikhail Kalashnikov yabaye ku ya 25 Ukuboza na 26 Ukuboza, kandi Pashide yabaye muri katedrali zera Mikhailovsky ya Izhevsk. Kubijyanye n'urupfu rw'uwashushanyije muri UDMurA, icyunamo ku mategeko y'Umukuru w'akarere yatangaje. Umuhango wo gushyingura Kalashnikov wabereye i Pantheon y'intwari z'irwibutso rwa Grade.
Mu mihango yo gushyingura, abayobozi n'abayobozi bakuru b'igihugu, barimo Vladimir Putin na Sergei shorobyov na Serge Manturov na Denis Manturov, Denis Manturov, Denis Manturov na Denis Manturov, bari bahari mu birori byo gushyingura. Agahinda kerekana umuyobozi mukuru wa Sergey Chezov ya Rosech ya Leta ya Leta. Urwibutso kuri Mikhail Kalashnikov yagaragaye ku mpeta ya gaborotse i Moscou. Umushinga w'intwaro yaremye yahawe imidari "inyenyeri ya zahabu" na "umuhoro n'inyundo".
Kwibuka
Kwibuka uwahimbye cyane, amashusho menshi yubuhanzi kandi documentaire yarashwe. Kimwe muri firime mbi cyane - "Kalashnikov", yasohotse mu myaka ya 2020. Uruhare rwa Mikhail Timofeevich yakinnye Umukinnyi wa Acar Yuri Borisov.
Ibintu byavumbuwe
- Induru idasanzwe ya tank imbunda
- Ak-47
- Imashini yintoki imbunda Kalashnikov
- Imashini Imbunda Kalashnikov
- Imashini ya Kalashnikov 100 Urukurikirane
- Kwiziza kaneba "Saiga"
- Imbunda yikora Kalashnikov
Ibihembo
- 1946 - Umudari "kugirango utsinde Ubudage mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu cya 1941-1945"
- 1947 - Urutonde rwa Revolution
- 1949 - Urutonde rwumutuku
- 1958, 1969, 1976 - Urutonde rwa Lenin
- 1958, 1976 - Intwari yumurimo wasosiyalisiti
- 1958, 1976 - Umudari "umuhoro n'inyundo"
- 1975 - Urutonde rwa banner itukura
- 1982 - ITEKA RY'UBUCUZI BW'ABANTU
- 1985 - Urutonde rwintambara yo gukunda igihugu ndi impamyabumenyi
- 1993 - Umudari wa Zhukov
- 1994 - Tegeka "Kuri Serivisi Kubabyeyi" II
- 1998 - Urutonde rw'Intumwa Yera Andrei yahamagaye bwa mbere
- 2004 - gutumiza "kugirango dutegeke kwa gisirikare"
- 2009 - Intwari ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya
- 2009 - Umudari "Umudari wa Zahabu"