Umuhanuzi Mohammed - Biography, ifoto, ubuzima bwite, Hadithi, umugore

Ubuzima

Mohammed - Umubwiriza w'Abarabu wo kuri Monotisi, washinze akaba n'umuntu nkuru w'idini rya Islamu, Abahanuzi Abayisilamu. Dukurikije isonga rya kisilamu, Allah yohereje Mohammed Ibyanditswe Byera - Korowani.

Intumwa ya Allah yavukiye i Maka ku ya 22 Mata 571. Havuwe na nyina wa nyina wa Mohammed wavuze ko umumarayika waje mu nzozi. Ivuka ry'umuhanuzi ryaherekejwe nibintu bitangaje. Intebe y'umwami w'Ubuperesi Kisra yanduye munsi y'umutware nk'igitingito. 14 Balkoni yaguye muri salle ya Royal. Umuhungu yaragaragaye. Ibisanzwe akivuka byabonye ko uruhinja ruzamura umutwe kandi rushingiye kumaboko.

Muhammed yari uwo mu muryango wa Kuraisian, wafatwaga nk'indogobe muraho. Umuryango wuwuvugabutumwa uzaza muri Korowani wavuwe Khashitam, Umuryango wahamagaye witwa Pradd Mohammed - Hashimo, abarabu, wubashye icyubahiro cyo kugaburira ingeso. Se w'umuhanuzi Abdollah ni umwuzukuru wa Hashima ikomeye, ariko sekuruza ntabwo yungutse. Umucuruzi muto yabonye umuryango. Mwana wabaye umuhanuzi ukomeye, ntabwo yabonye se - yapfuye mbere yo kuvuka kwa Mohammed.

Ku myaka 6, umuhungu yabaye impfubyi - Amina yapfuye, Mama Mohammed. Muri icyo gihe, umugore yahaye umuhungu we kwirwanaho Bedouin Khamalimana, wabaga mu butayu. Umuhungu w'imfubyi yakuye sekuru, ariko bidatinze Muhammed akubita inzu nyirarume. Abu Talib yari umugwaneza, ariko umukene cyane. Umwishywa wagombaga gutangira hakiri kare kandi yiga kubona amafaranga. Ku gice cy'ifaranga, gito cya Mohammed cy'ihene n'intama, byakusanyirijwe mu butayu bweruye.

Mu myaka 12, umwangavu yabanze yinjiye mu kirere cyo gushaka ibyumwuka: hamwe na nyirarume Mohammed yasuye Siriya, aho yahuriye n'inzira z'amadini y'Abayahudi, Ubukristo, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizerere, izindi myizene. Yakoranye n'umushoferi w'ingamiya, hanyuma aba umucuruzi, ariko ibibazo byo kwizera ntibyasize umusore. Igihe Mohamund yujuje imyaka 20, yajyanywe n'umwanditsi mu nzu y'umugore wapfakayeyidi. Umusore ukora amabwiriza ya hoste, azenguruka igihugu, ashishikajwe n'imigenzo n'imyizerere yaho.

Hadija, ashaje Mohammed imyaka 15, yatanze umusore w'imyaka 25 yo kumujyana ku mugore we, udakunda se w'umugore, ariko yerekana ko yihangana. Umwanditsi ukiri muto yashakanye, ubukwe bwaje kwishima, yakundaga kandi yubahwa Hadiju. Ubukwe bwazanye Mohammed. Yiyeguriye igihe cye cy'ubusa ku kintu cy'ingenzi, cyakuruye mu myaka akiri muto - gushaka ibyumwuka. Tangira ubuzima bw'umuhanuzi n'umuvugabutumwa.

Kubwiriza

Ubuzima bw'Intumwa nkuru y'abayisilamu ivuga ko Mohammed yakuwe ku isi no mu shyamba, yishora mu gutekereza no gutekereza. Yakundaga mu rugendo rwo gutererana. Muri 610, ubwo Mohammed yari mu buvumo bwa Hira, yari marayika mukuru Gabriel (DZRBILL). Yahamagaye umusore ari intumwa ya Allah maze ategeka kwibuka ibyahishuwe bwa mbere (Ayati Koran).

Iyi nkuru ivuga ko uruziga rw'abayoboke ba Mohammed, babwirije nyuma yo guhura na Gaburiyeli, ahora agenda akura. Umubwiriza yahamagariye abo basirikare kugera ku buzima bukiranuka, yemeza kubahiriza amategeko ya Allah no kwitegura urubanza rw'Imana ruzaza. Intumwa Muhammed yavuze ko Imana Ishoborabyose (Allah) yaremye umuntu, kandi hamwe n'abazima bose kandi badatuye ku isi.

Ababanjirije Intumwa ya Allah bahamagaye Musa (Mose), Jusuf (Yozefu), Zakiriya (Zekariya), IS (Yesu (Yesu). Ariko ahantu hihariye mu nyigisho za Mohammed yahawebwa ibrahim (Aburahamu). Yamwitaga sekuruza w'Abarabu n'Abayahudi ndetse n'Uwambere wamamazaga ubuntu. Inshingano ya Mohammedi yabonye mu gusana kwizera kwa Ibrahim.

"Mohammed - Intumwa y'Imana" - Inyandiko ku irembo ry'umunyamiseli umusigiti i Madina

Abavugabutumwa ba Maka babonye mu nyigisho za Mohammed, iterabwoba kandi bategura umugambi wo kumugambanira. Abayobozi bemeje ko umuhanuzi bava mu kaga kandi bimukira i Madina igihe gito. Yabikoze. Kubwiriza muri Medina (Yarrb) mu banyeshuri 622 b'abahungu bimukiye, bagize umuryango wa mbere w'abayisilamu.

Abaturage bakomejwe ndetse nigihano cya Mekkaniya cyo kwirukana umubwiriza na bagenzi be, bagabye igitero ku kavukire bava i Maka. Amafaranga ava mubujura yagiye kubikeneye.

Mu 630, umuhanuzi wa mbere yatotejwe yagarutse i Maka, agenda mu mujyi wera nyuma yimyaka 8 nyuma yo kwirukanwa. Umucuruzi Maka yahuye n'umuhanuzi imbaga y'abadamuro baturutse muri Arabiya yose. Urugendo rwa Macomenet kumuhanda rwari rwiza. Umuhanuzi yambaye imyenda yoroshye na chalm y'umukara, yicaye ku ngamiya, aherekeza ibihumbi icumi by'abasuraga.

Ubuvumo bwa Hira, aho ukurikije ukwemera kw'Abayisilamu Mohammed yakiriye iyerekwa rya mbere

Umutagatifu yirukanye muri Maka nk'agateganyo, kandi ntabwo ari intsinzi. Yazengurutse ahantu hera, atuma imihango ana uwahohotewe. Inshuro 7, umuhanuzi Muhammed yakoze ingendo akora kandi akora ku ibuye ry'umukara ryera cyane. I Kaaba, umubwiriza yatangaje ko "nta Mana ibaho, usibye Allah ihujwe," kandi ategekwa kurimbura ibigirwamana 360 bihagaze mu rusengero.

Amoko akikije ntabwo yahise yemera Islam. Nyuma y'intambara zamaraso n'ibihumbi by'abantu bahitanye abantu, bamenye umuhanuzi Mohammed kandi bafata Korowani. Bidatinze, Magemeyet yabaye Umwami wa Arabiya kandi akora imbaraga zikomeye z'Abarabu. Igihe abanchammen n'abayobozi b'igisirikare ba Mohammed bagaragaye i Maka, asubira i Madina, asura imva ya Mama Amina. Ariko umunezero w'umuhanuzi ukomoka mu kwizihiza Islamu yatwikiriwe n'amakuru y'urupfu rw'umuhungu w'ikinege wa Ibrahim, aho se yari yarabyizeye.

Cum irambye yumuhungu yangije ubuzima bwumubwiriza. We, yumva apfuye, yiruka i Maka, kugira ngo asengere igihe cyanyuma i Kaaba. Kumaze kumva imigambi y'Umuhanuzi kandi yifuza gusenga hamwe na we, abasura ibihumbi 10 bateraniye i Maka. Umuhanuzi Mohammed yakoze ingendo ku ngamiya kandi atamba amatungo. Abasuraga hamwe n'umutima uremereye ntibumviye amagambo ya Muhammed, bamenye ko amwumva igihe cya nyuma.

Muri Islamu kubizera, izina ryahawe agaciro keza. Mohammed ahindurwa ngo "ishimwe rikwiye gushimwa". Muri Qor'ani, izina ry'umuhanuzi ryasubiwemo inshuro enye, mu zindi manza Mohammed yitwa Nabi ("umuhanuzi"), Rasul ("Bulishin"), Shahid ("umutangabuhamya") na benshi andi mazina. Izina ryuzuye ryumuhanuzi Mohammed ni ndende: ikubiyemo amazina yabasekuruza be bose kumurongo wumugabo, guhera kuri Adamu. Abizera bita umubwiriza Abul Casim.

Umunsi wumuhanuzi Mohammed - Maulide An-Nabi - yishimira kumunsi wa 12 wukwezi kwa gatatu kwukwezi kwa kisilamu wa Rabi Al-Avval. Isabukuru ya Mohammed ni iya gatatu kugirango usome itariki kubayisilamu. Ahantu hambere na kabiri bigaruwe nibiruhuko bya Uraza Bayram na Kurban Bayram. Mu mibereho, umuhanuzi yizihije gusa.

Umunsi w'Intumwa Mohammed Abamukomokaho bizihiza amasengesho, ibikorwa byiza, inkuru zerekeye ibitangaza bya mutagatifu. Umunsi mukuru w'amavuko wari umaze imyaka 300 nyuma yo kugera kuri Islamu. Amateka y'ubuzima bwa Mohammed (Mohameta, Magomeda, Mohammed) Single mu gitabo Azerbaijani umwanditsi Husein Javid. Ikinamico yitwa "umuhanuzi".

Kubyerekeye ishusho nkuru ya Islamu, ntabwo firime imwe yakuweho. Hagati ya za 70, igishushanyo cya Amerika-Icyarabu cya Mustafa Akkada "ubutumwa (Intumwa ya Muhammad y'Imana) yarekuwe kuri ecran. Mu mwaka wa 2008, abari bateranye babonye urukurikirane rw'imirwano 30 "Ukwezi kwa Schashim", yafashwe na studio ya filime ya Yorodani, Siriya, Sudani na Libani. Filime "Muhammad - Intumwa ya The Majid Madzhidi, wabereye muri 2015, yakuweho ku buzima n'imiterere y'umutagatifu.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Hadija akikijwe n'umugabo muto muto. Mohammed, yakuwe mu bibazo no ku bucuruzi, yeguriye igihe cy'idini. Ubumwe hamwe na Hadidge byagaragaye ko bitanga kubana, ariko abahungu barapfuye. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo bashakanye yakundaga, Mohammed yarubatse inshuro nyinshi, ariko umubare w'abagore b'Intumwa utanga utandukanye. Muri bamwe byerekana 15, mubandi - 23, muri yo umubano wumubiri Muhammed yagize kuva ku ya 13.

Icyarabu na Porofeseri wa kaminuza ya Edinburgh William MontgoMery Watgomery Wattgomery watt mu mirimo yo ku mateka ya Islamu: agaragaza ko afitanye isano n'abera, yitirirwa amatsiko y'abagore. Umuhanuzi Muhammed yashakanye na Kororanin Ban, yemerera kurongora inshuro enye.

Abashakashatsi bahurira ku buryo umuhanuzi afite abagore 13. Yerekeje kurutonde rwa Hadija iguruka, washakanye Mohammed, anyuranye nubushake bwababyeyi. Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko nta n'umwe mu bagore bakurikiranye umuhanuzi batafashe umwanya mu mutima we, ibyo Habidge yabonye.

Mu bagore 12, bagaragaye nyuma ya mbere, bakundwa witwa Aisha bande abu bakr. Uyu niwo bashakanye ba gatatu b'Intumwa Mohammed. Aisha - Umukobwa wa Khalifa, yitwa intimba zikomeye za Islamu ya Islamu yigihe cyabo.

Abana bose b'Intumwa, usibye umuhungu wa Ibrahim, yibarutse Hayija. Yahaye umugabo we urubyaro rurindwi, ariko abahungu bapfuye bakiri bato. Abakobwa ba Mohammed babayeho mbere yubutumwa bwa se bwubuhanuzi bwatangiye, yemera Islamu kandi yimukira i Maka yerekeza i Madina. Uretse ibyo Fatima yapfuye imbere ya Data. Abakobwa ba Fatima ntibaguye amezi atandatu nyuma y'urupfu rwa se ukomeye.

Urupfu

Ubuzima bw'Intumwa Mohammed bwarushijeho kuba yarababajwe na Himage muri Medina. Intumwa ya Allah, yakusanyije ingabo zisigaye, yasuye imva za Shahidov akora umuhango wo gushyingura Namaz. Gusubira i Madina, umuhanuzi kugeza umunsi wanyuma wabitangaje ibitekerezo bisobanutse. Yatangaje bene wabo n'abayoboke be, asaba imbabazi, yatanze abizigamye hamwe na mugenzi wawe maze areka imbata. Umuriro wongerewe, kandi mu ijoro ryo ku ya 8 Kamena 632, umuhanuzi Mohammed arapfa.

Abagore ntibari bemerewe kureka umubiri, bogeje bene wabo batinze. Nashyinguye intumwa ya Allah mu myenda yapfiriyemo. Iminsi itatu y'abizera irasezera ku muhanuzi Mohammed. Imva yakuwe aho yapfiriye - mu nzu y'umugore wa Aisha. Nyuma y'ivuka, umusigiti yubatswe, wabaye urusengero rw'isi y'Abayisilamu.

Urugendo rwa Madina, aho Mohamsed yashyinguwe, afatwa nkubucuruzi buteye isoni. Urugendo rugana abizera ba Madina niyemeje hamwe nurugendo rwa Maka. Umusigiti muri Medina uri munsi yubunini bwumusigiti muri Maka, ariko utangaje ubwiza. Yubatswe ibara ryijimye kandi rikarisha zahabu, kwirukana na mozayike. Hagati y'umusigiti - agakuba ku isi, aho umuhanuzi Mohammed, n'imva ya Betant.

Amagambo

"Kureka ugushidikanya kandi uhindukire ku kuba udatera gushidikanya, kuko ukuri gutuza, ahubwo ni ugushidikanya."
"Reka ururimi rwawe duhora twishimire kwibuka Allah."
"Umukundwa cyane mu bikorwa byiza imbere y'Imana nibyo buri gihe, nubwo bidafite agaciro."
"Idini ni umucyo."
"Muri iki, aba ni bo bagutegeka."
"Guhagarika imitekerereze ikabije no gukomera gukabije bizapfa."
"Murare! Komera ku birenge bya nyina, hariho paradizo! ".
"Iparadizo iri mu gicucu cy'inkota zawe."
"Allah, ndagushidikanya ku bumenyi bw'umumaro ...".
"Umuntu ufite abo yakundaga."
"Umwizera ntashobora gutegurwa kabiri mu mwobo umwe."

Ibintu bishimishije

Amagambo "Niba umusozi utagiye muri magetot, noneho macomet yagiye kumusozi" umubano mubikorwa by'Intumwa Mohammed ntabwo afite. Imvugo ishingiye ku nkuru ivuga ko kwakira nasreddin. Umuhanga mu Bumenyi bw'Ubwongereza na filozofiya Francis bangon mu gitabo cye "Inyandiko z'umuco na politiki" yasimbuye Khoja kuri Mohammed, ashyikiriza verisiyo yabyo yerekeye Hoj.
Ikinyamakuru cya Londres "igihe cyo hanze" cyitwa umuhanuzi Mohammed na ecologiste wa mbere.
Kefir fungus yari yitwaga mbere "Umusozi w'Intumwa". Dukurikije umugani, munsi yiri zina, ibanga ryinshi ryamavuza ryashyikirije abatuye Caucase.

Mohammed, birashoboka, yarwaye igicuri hamwe n'ibitero bikomeye kandi byahinduye imitekerereze ihoraho. Muri Korowani havugwa ko abatizera bahamagaye umuhanuzi bahangayitse. Ariko muri Qor'ani, haravuga kandi ko "Mohammed ku buntu bw'Uwiteka ari umuhanuzi kandi ntibyashidikanya."
Ikirenge cy'umuhanuzi Mohammed, cyakubiswe mu ibuye, kibikwa muri Turbeya - Mausoleum muri Eupe (Istanbul).

Igitangaza nyamukuru cya Mohammed Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya y'abayisilamu bafata Korowani. Nubwo umwanditsi wa Korowani mu nkomoko y'abayisilamu ashobora kwitirirwa Mohammad ubwe, abihaye Imana ubwe bavugaga ko imvugo ye itari isa na Krani.
Inyungu zubuhanzi zidasanzwe za Korowani zijijutse na leta zose zibitabo byicyarabu. Nk'uko ubwubuke bwa Bernhard weess, abantu ku mateka ya kera yagati, amateka mashya kandi agezweho ntashobora kwandika nka Korowani.
Muri Korowani hari umutsima, usa n'inkuru yukuntu Yesu yagaburiye abantu ibihumbi bitanu n'amafi itanu n'amafi abiri.